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排序方式: 共有386条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
A novel peptide termed locustamyoinhibiting peptide (LOM-MIP) was isolated from brain-corpora cardiaca-corpora allata-suboesophageal ganglion extracts of the locust, Locusta migratoria. The primary structure of this nonapeptide has been determined Ala-Trp-Gln-Asp-Leu-Asn-Ala-Gly-Trp-NH2. LOM-MIP suppresses the spontaneous contractions of the hindgut and oviduct of Locusta migratoria and of the hindgut of Leucophaea maderae. This novel peptide is, however, structurally different from leucomyosuppressin, a hindgut suppressing peptide isolated from Leucophaea maderae heads. LOM-MIP has a Gly-TrpNH2 carboxy-terminal in common with APGWamide, a penis retractor muscle inhibiting peptide isolated from the snail, Lymnea stagnalis. In addition, it shows carboxy-terminal sequence similarities with locust AKH II which ends in AGWamide. No sequence similarities were found with other vertebrate or invertebrate peptides. Synthetic LOM-MIP showed biological as well as chemical characteristics indistinguishable from those of native LOM-MIP. 相似文献
2.
Trimethyloxonium modification of single batrachotoxin-activated sodium channels in planar bilayers. Changes in unit conductance and in block by saxitoxin and calcium 总被引:13,自引:9,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
Single batrachotoxin-activated sodium channels from rat brain were modified by trimethyloxonium (TMO) after incorporation in planar lipid bilayers. TMO modification eliminated saxitoxin (STX) sensitivity, reduced the single channel conductance by 37%, and reduced calcium block of inward sodium currents. These effects always occurred concomitantly, in an all-or-none fashion. Calcium and STX protected sodium channels from TMO modification with potencies similar to their affinities for block. Calcium inhibited STX binding to rat brain membrane vesicles and relieved toxin block of channels in bilayers, apparently by competing with STX for the toxin binding site. These results suggest that toxins, permeant cations, and blocking cations can interact with a common site on the sodium channel near the extracellular surface. It is likely that permeant cations transiently bind to this superficial site, as the first of several steps in passing inward through the channel. 相似文献
3.
Activation of immobilized plasminogen by tissue activator. Multimolecular complex formation 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
R L Silverstein R L Nachman L L Leung P C Harpel 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1985,260(18):10346-10352
Ternary complex formation of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) and plasminogen (Plg) with thrombospondin (TSP) or histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) has been demonstrated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, an affinity bead assay, and a rocket immunoelectrophoresis assay. The formation of these complexes was specific, concentration dependent, saturable, lysine binding site-dependent, and inhibitable by fluid phase plasminogen. Apparent Kd values were approximately 12-36 nM for the interaction of TPA with TSP-Plg complexes and 15-31 nM with HRGP-Plg complexes. At saturation the relative molar stoichiometry of Plg:TPA was 3:1 within the TSP-containing complexes and 1:1 within HRGP-containing complexes. The activation of Plg to plasmin by TPA on TSP- and HRGP-coated surfaces was studied using a synthetic fluorometric plasmin substrate (D-Val-Leu-Lys-7-amino-4-trifluoromethyl coumarin). Kinetic analysis demonstrated a marked increase in the affinity of TPA for plasminogen in the presence of surface-associated TSP or HRGP. Compared to fluid phase activation or activation on fibronectin- or Factor VIII-related antigen-coated surfaces there was a 35-fold increase in efficiency of plasmin generation. A substantial amount (up to 71%) of the plasmin formed remained surface-associated and was found to be protected from inhibition by alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor. Greater than 200-fold increase in inhibitor concentration was required to effect 50% inhibition. Complex formation of locally released tissue plasminogen activator with Plg immobilized on TSP or HRGP surfaces may thus play an important role in effecting proteolytic events in nonfibrin-containing microenvironments. 相似文献
4.
Purification of human platelet calcium-activated protease. Effect on platelet and endothelial function 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Calcium-activated protease (CAP) was purified from the cytosol fraction of homogenized human platelet concentrates using a combination of gel filtration chromatography and affinity chromatography on antipain aminohexyl-Sepharose and activated thiol-Sepharose 4B. Purified CAP is composed of two different polypeptides of Mr = 80,000 and 27,000. Half-maximal protease activity was observed at 0.52 mM Ca2+, and all activity was inhibited by antipain, leupeptin, and N-ethylmaleimide. Activated CAP showed a time-dependent inactivation in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+ with only 5% of the control protease activity remaining after a 1-h exposure to calcium. Preincubation of washed platelets with varying amounts of CAP (0.2-0.4 units) significantly interfered with thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. In addition, ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination in the presence of von Willebrand factor was completely inhibited by 0.4 units of CAP. Concomitant with these protease-induced changes in platelet function, a decrease was observed in a major glycoprotein band of Mr = 150,000 present in platelet membranes and presumed to be glycoprotein Ib. In addition to these effects on platelets, CAP inhibited thrombin-induced production of prostacyclin by cultured human endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner when the cells were pretreated with CAP. Thus platelet CAP can modulate membrane functions in both platelets and endothelial cells and may thus contribute to the regulation of hemostasis. 相似文献
5.
Relative apparent synapomorphy analysis (RASA). I: The statistical measurement of phylogenetic signal 总被引:10,自引:9,他引:1
We have developed a new approach to the measurement of phylogenetic signal
in character state matrices called relative apparent synapomorphy analysis
(RASA). RASA provides a deterministic, statistical measure of natural
cladistic hierarchy (phylogenetic signal) in character state matrices. The
method works by determining whether a measure of the rate of increase of
cladistic similarity among pairs of taxa as a function of phenetic
similarity is greater than a null equiprobable rate of increase. Our
investigation of the utility and limitations of RASA using simulated and
bacteriophage T7 data sets indicates that the method has numerous
advantages over existing measures of signal. A first advantage is
computational efficiency. A second advantage is that RASA employs known
methods of statistical inference, providing measurable sensitivity and
power. The performance of RASA is examined under various conditions of
branching evolution as the number of characters, character states per
character, and mutations per branch length are varied. RASA appears to
provide an unbiased and reliable measure of phylogenetic signal, and the
general approach promises to be useful in the development of new techniques
that should increase the rigor and reliability of phylogenetic estimates.
相似文献
6.
Henrik Skovgård Jonna Tomkiewicz Gösta Nachman Mikael Münster-Swendsen 《Experimental & applied acarology》1993,17(1-2):41-58
The effect of the cassava green mite Mononychellus tanajoa on the growth and yield of cassava Manihot esculenta was studied over a 10-month period in two field trials near Lake Victoria in Kenya. One plot was maintained free of mites by means of acaricide, while the other was artificially infested.The highest population density of M. tanajoa occurred during the dry season. A maximum leaf area index (LAI) of about 2 was reached at the onset of the dry season. The total leaf area of mite infested plants was reduced compared with uninfested plants during the dry spell. During the following rainy season infested plants recovered and attained the same leaf area as uninfested plants. A multiple regression model predicting the leaf area showed that 58% of the seasonal variation could be explained by plant age, soil water, and leaf injury.The net growth rate of infested plants was lower than that of uninfested plants. Maximum values of 21 (infested plants) and 49 (uninfested plants) g m-2 week-1 were attained at the onset of the second rainy season. No difference was found between uninfested and infested plants with respect to net assimilation rates per unit leaf area during the dry season. The net assimilation rates reached a maximum almost at the same time as the growth rates, but the infested plants peaked slightly earlier and at a lower level than the uninfested plants.
M. tanajoa did not affect the relative allocation of dry matter into stems and storage roots, but the absolute allocation of dry matter declined with increasing mite injury. Thus, after 10 months the dry matter of infested plants was reduced by 29% and 21% for storage roots and stems, respectively, compared with the uninfested plants. 相似文献
7.
8.
Active fragments and analogs of the insect neuropeptide leucopyrokinin: structure-function studies 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
R J Nachman G M Holman B J Cook 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1986,137(3):936-942
Evaluation of analogs of the blocked insect myotropic neuropeptide leucopyrokinin (LPK) has demonstrated its relative insensitivity to amino acid substitution in the N-terminal in contrast to the C-terminal region. Truncated analogs of LPK without the first, second, and third N-terminal amino acids retain a significant 144%, 59% and 30% of the activity of the parent octapeptide, respectively. The [2-8]LPK analog is the first fragment of an insect neuropeptide to exhibit greater activity than the parent hormone. In contrast, truncated analogs of the insect myotropic, proctolin, exhibit little or no activity. The pentapeptide fragment Phe-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2 has been identified as the active core of LPK. 相似文献
9.
Meleah D. Boyle Devon C. Payne-Sturges Thurka Sangaramoorthy Sacoby Wilson Keeve E. Nachman Kelsey Babik Christian C. Jenkins Joshua Trowell Donald K. Milton Amir Sapkota 《PloS one》2016,11(1)
The recent growth of unconventional natural gas development and production (UNGDP) has outpaced research on the potential health impacts associated with the process. The Maryland Marcellus Shale Public Health Study was conducted to inform the Maryland Marcellus Shale Safe Drilling Initiative Advisory Commission, State legislators and the Governor about potential public health impacts associated with UNGDP so they could make an informed decision that considers the health and well-being of Marylanders. In this paper, we describe an impact assessment and hazard ranking methodology we used to assess the potential public health impacts for eight hazards associated with the UNGDP process. The hazard ranking included seven metrics: 1) presence of vulnerable populations (e.g. children under the age of 5, individuals over the age of 65, surface owners), 2) duration of exposure, 3) frequency of exposure, 4) likelihood of health effects, 5) magnitude/severity of health effects, 6) geographic extent, and 7) effectiveness of setbacks. Overall public health concern was determined by a color-coded ranking system (low, moderately high, and high) that was generated based on the overall sum of the scores for each hazard. We provide three illustrative examples of applying our methodology for air quality and health care infrastructure which were ranked as high concern and for water quality which was ranked moderately high concern. The hazard ranking was a valuable tool that allowed us to systematically evaluate each of the hazards and provide recommendations to minimize the hazards. 相似文献
10.
White Nicholas J Ashley Elizabeth A Recht Judith Delves Michael J Ruecker Andrea Smithuis Frank M Eziefula Alice C Bousema Teun Drakeley Chris Chotivanich Kesinee Imwong Mallika Pukrittayakamee Sasithon Prachumsri Jetsumon Chu Cindy Andolina Chiara Bancone Germana Hien Tran T Mayxay Mayfong Taylor Walter RJ von Seidlein Lorenz Price Ric N Barnes Karen I Djimdé Abdoulaye ter Kuile Feiko Gosling Roly Chen Ingrid Dhorda Mehul J Stepniewska Kasia Guérin Philippe Woodrow Charles J Dondorp Arjen M Day Nicholas PJ Nosten Francois H 《Malaria journal》2014,13(1):1-14