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C-Type Virus Released from Cultured Human Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells 总被引:44,自引:0,他引:44
R. M. McALLISTER M. NICOLSON M. B. GARDNER R. W. RONGEY S. RASHEED P. S. SARMA R. J. HUEBNER M. HATANAKA S. OROSZLAN R. V. GILDEN A. KABIGTING L. VERNON 《Nature: New biology》1972,235(53):3-6
RD-114 virus, released from human rhabdomyosarcoma cells, has all the characteristics of a mammalian C-type virus. Immunological tests indicate that it differs from all known C-type viruses and is the most likely candidate for a human C-type virus yet described. 相似文献
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Presence of Sarcoma Genome in a “Non-infectious” Mammalian Virus 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
A. F. GAZDAR L. A. PHILLIPS P. S. SARMA P. T. PEEBLES H. C. CHOPRA 《Nature: New biology》1971,234(46):69-72
Virus particles, antigenically related to mouse sarcoma virus, can be induced from hamster tumour cells. They are “defective” in their failure to replicate in or transform hamster, mouse or rat cells, although they contain viral-specific RNA and, with “helper” mouse leukaemia virus, show sarcomagenic activity. 相似文献
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1. We have studied the numerical and functional responses of campanulate morphs of Asplanchna intermedia fed five species of rotifer ( Brachionus rubens , B. patulus , B. calyciflorus , Hexarthra mira and Filinia longiseta ). The vulnerability of the prey varied with their morphology and mode of swimming.
2. To test the numerical and functional responses, prey species differing in their morphology and mode of swimming were provided. Responses were also tested with mixtures of evasive and non-evasive prey provided in three different ratios.
3. A. intermedia showed a type II functional response to all the prey species provided.
4. The population growth rate of A. intermedia on the various prey species provided ranged from a minimum of –0.24 to a maximum of 0.68. There was a significant correlation between the capturability of a prey species and the population growth rate of the predator feeding on it. The capturability of a prey species also has a significant influence on the maximal predator density but not on the time taken to reach it.
5. Observations from a field study undertaken over a 10-month period to study the prey preferences of A. intermedia in nature were corroborated by the laboratory findings. 相似文献
2. To test the numerical and functional responses, prey species differing in their morphology and mode of swimming were provided. Responses were also tested with mixtures of evasive and non-evasive prey provided in three different ratios.
3. A. intermedia showed a type II functional response to all the prey species provided.
4. The population growth rate of A. intermedia on the various prey species provided ranged from a minimum of –0.24 to a maximum of 0.68. There was a significant correlation between the capturability of a prey species and the population growth rate of the predator feeding on it. The capturability of a prey species also has a significant influence on the maximal predator density but not on the time taken to reach it.
5. Observations from a field study undertaken over a 10-month period to study the prey preferences of A. intermedia in nature were corroborated by the laboratory findings. 相似文献
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PADMAN S. SARMA ROBERT J. HUEBNER HORACE C. TURNER RAYMOND V. GILDEN TZE-SIUNG LOG 《Nature: New biology》1971,230(10):50-52
GEERING et al.1 reported that feline leukaemia viruses shared one of the group specific antigens of the murine leukaemia viruses, gs-3, as detected by immunoprecipitation in agar gels with broadly reactive rat antisera to the group specific antigens of the murine leukaemia viruses (MuLV). Subsequently, they found that this shared group specific antigen was also present in the hamster and rat C-type viruses2. Work by Schafer3 and our own immunodiffusion4 and complement fixation studies have confirmed the immunological reactivity between the feline leukaemia viral antigens and broad-reacting murine leukaemia group specific antisera. We have now applied this interspecies immunological reaction between the murine and feline C-type viruses to quantitative studies of the feline leukaemia viruses. Broad-reactive murine leukaemia-sarcoma group specific antisera prepared in rats by the induction of murine sarcoma virus (MSV) tumours5, 6 were found to be as useful and nearly as sensitive as a feline leukaemia-sarcoma specific, group specific antiserum for the in vitro detection and assay of the noncytopathogenic feline leukaemia virus (FeLV). 相似文献
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ADRIANA ARÁNGUIZ‐ACUÑA RODRIGO RAMOS‐JILIBERTO NANDINI SARMA S.S.S. SARMA RAMIRO O. BUSTAMANTE VERÓNICA TOLEDO 《Freshwater Biology》2010,55(10):2114-2122
1. A key aspect of the ecology and evolution of adaptive prey responses to predator risk is the timing by which the former develop a defensive trait in response to inducing signals released by the latter. This property, called reactivity, has been shown to affect population stability and persistence. 2. Theoretically, the minimal predator density required by prey to exhibit induced defences is expected to increase with the effectiveness of the defence and decrease with its cost. Likewise, the time required for the prey population to exhibit an induced defence is expected to increase together with cost. 3. The freshwater rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus and B. havanaensis and their predator Asplanchna brightwelli were used to test the hypothesis that prey species exhibiting defences that offer a larger fitness benefit and lower fitness cost are more reactive to predator signals, in terms of requiring shorter exposure time and lower signal concentration to trigger a morphological defence reaction. 4. Our results showed that both prey species exhibited costly and effective defences after induction by predator infochemicals. Faster reactions were observed at higher levels of predator cues. Nevertheless, the observed relationship between reactivity and benefit/cost of defences did not agree with our expectations. 5. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which the timing of induction of morphological defences is experimentally assessed over a gradient of risk signals. We propose new research directions to disentangle the mechanisms and project the consequences of prey decisions at the morphological level. 相似文献
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