Spinal fixation and fusion are surgical procedures undertaken to restore stability in the spine and restrict painful or degenerative motion. Malpositioning of pedicle screws during these procedures can result in major neurological and vascular damage. Patient-specific surgical guides offer clear benefits, reducing malposition rates by up to 25%. However, they suffer from long lead times and the manufacturing process is dependent on third-party specialists. The development of a standard set of surgical guides may eliminate the issues with the manufacturing process. To evaluate the feasibility of this option, a statistical shape model (SSM) was created and used to analyse the morphological variations of the T4–T6 vertebrae in a population of 90 specimens from the Visible Korean Human dataset (50 females and 40 males). The first three principal components, representing 39.7% of the variance within the population, were analysed. The model showed high variability in the transverse process (~ 4 mm) and spinous process (~ 4 mm) and relatively low variation (< 1 mm) in the vertebral lamina. For a Korean population, a standardised set of surgical guides would likely need to align with the lamina where the variance in the population is lower. It is recommended that this standard set of surgical guides should accommodate pedicle screw diameters of 3.5–6 mm and transverse pedicle screw angles of 3.5°–12.4°.
In this study, a series of novel 3-(substituted phenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-3a,4-dihydro-3H-indeno[1,2-c]isoxazole analogues were synthesized and evaluated for antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H(37)Rv and isoniazid resistant M. tuberculosis (INHR-MTB). All the newly synthesized compounds were showing moderate to high inhibitory activities. The compound 6,7-dimethoxy-3-(4-chloro phenyl)-4H-indeno[1,2-c]isoxazole (4b) was found to be the most promising compound, active against MTB H(37)Rv and INHR-MTB with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.22 and 0.34 μM. 相似文献
This study aimed to express two major drug-metabolizing human hepatic cytochromes P450 (CYPs), CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, together
with NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (OxR) in Escherichia coli and to evaluate their catalytic activities. Full length cDNA clones of both isoforms in which the N-terminus was modified
to incorporate bovine CYP17α sequence were inserted into a pCWori+ vector. The modified CYP cDNAs were subsequently expressed individually, each together with OxR by means of separate, compatible
plasmids with different antibiotic selection markers. The expressed proteins were evaluated by immunoblotting and reduced
CO difference spectral scanning. Enzyme activities were examined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assays
with probe substrates dextromethorphan and testosterone for CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, respectively. Results from immunoblotting demonstrated
the presence of both CYP proteins in bacterial membranes and reduced CO difference spectra of the cell preparations exhibited
the characteristic absorbance peak at 450 nm. Co-expressed OxR also demonstrated an activity level comparable to literature
values. Kinetic parameters, Km and Vmax values determined from the HPLC assays also agreed well with literature values. As a conclusion, the procedures described
in this study provide a relatively convenient and reliable means of producing catalytically active CYP isoforms suitable for
drug metabolism and interaction studies. 相似文献
A series of twelve dispiropyrrolidines were synthesized using [3+2]-cycloaddition reactions. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antimycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis H(37)Rv and INH resistant M. tuberculosis strains using agar dilution method, four of them showed good activity with MIC of less than 1 μM. Compound 4'-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-3-yl]-1'-methyldispiro[indan-2,2' pyrrolidine-3',2″-indan]-1,3,1″-trione (4b) was found to be the most active with MIC of 0.1215 and 5.121 μM, respectively. 相似文献
Pyrrolothiazolyloxindole analogues share vital pharmacological properties, considered useful in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study was synthesis and evaluate pyralothiazolyloxindole analogues if possess acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity. The easily accessible one-pot synthesis of these compounds resulted to be significantly less difficult and expensive than that of donepezil. Several compounds possess anti-cholinesterase activity in the order of micro and sub-micromolar. Particularly, compound was the most potent inhibitors of the series against acetyl cholinesterase enzyme with IC(50) 0.11μmol/L. 相似文献
Biocatalytic membrane reactors have been widely used in different industries including food, fine chemicals, biological, biomedical, pharmaceuticals, environmental treatment and so on. This article gives an overview of the different immobilized enzymatic processes and their advantages over the conventional chemical catalysts. The application of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) reduces the energy consumption, and system size, in line with process intensification. The performances of MBR are considerably influenced by substrate concentration, immobilized matrix material, types of immobilization and the type of reactor. Advantages of a membrane associated bioreactor over a free-enzyme biochemical reaction, and a packed bed reactor are, large surface area of immobilization matrix, reuse of enzymes, better product recovery along with heterogeneous reactions, and continuous operation of the reactor. The present research work highlights immobilization techniques, reactor setup, enzyme stability under immobilized conditions, the hydrodynamics of MBR, and its application, particularly, in the field of sugar, starch, drinks, milk, pharmaceutical industries and energy generation. 相似文献
Series of pyrolidine analogues were synthesized and examined as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. Among the compounds, compounds 4k and 6k were the most potent inhibitors of the series. Compound 4k, showed potent inhibitory activity against acetyl cholinesterase enzyme with IC(50) 0.10 μmol/L. Pyrolidine analogues might be potential acetyl cholinesterase agents for AD. 相似文献
Biochemical marker is one of the important tools for the early identification and selection of somatic embryogenesis in plants.
Studies in developing the biochemical marker for somatic embryogenesis ofEurycoma longifolia disclosed that the regenerated and non-regenerated cotyledons as well as embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus were significantly
different in terms of the total protein content as well as the specific activity of peroxidase. The data obtained revealed
that embryogenic tissue possess the highest amount of total soluble protein (64.24 mg/g fresh weight) and two protein bands
(molecular weight = 25 and 21 kDa) were observed at high intensity. The highest specific activity of peroxidase (578.1 ± 61.6
unit/mg soluble protein) was recorded in embryogenic callus and only 157.1 ± 20.5 unit/mg soluble protein was determined in
the non-embryogenic callus. Results obtained also showed that there were variations in the peroxidase banding profiles of
the four samples examined. Only two bands were observed in the non-embryogenic callus at the Rf of 0.24 and 0.27, whereas
in the embryogenic callus, four bands with high intensity were detected at the Rf of 0.24, 0.41, 0.49 and 0.81. 相似文献