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Averdam A Seelke S Grützner I Rosner C Roos C Westphal N Stahl-Hennig C Muppala V Schrod A Sauermann U Dressel R Walter L 《Immunogenetics》2007,59(3):247-251
MIC molecules are stress-inducible ligands of the activating receptor NKG2D, which is expressed on natural killer cells and
subsets of T lymphocytes. In rhesus macaques (Macaca
mulatta), three different MIC sequences (MIC1, MIC2, MIC3) have been described that are closely related to but, according to phylogenetic analysis, do not represent orthologues of
the human MICA and MICB genes. Although a single haplotype of the rhesus macaque Mhc (Mamu) has been completely sequenced, it remained unknown so far whether these three sequences are derived from two or three Mamu-MIC genes. We genotyped a cohort of 115 rhesus macaque individuals for the presence of MIC1, MIC2, and MIC3 sequences and analysed the segregation in families. All individuals were positive for MIC2, whereas only 66.1 and 80.9 % were positive for MIC1 and MIC3, respectively. MIC1 and MIC3 sequences segregated in offspring, indicating that they behave as alleles. Thus, we conclude that two MIC genes are present in the rhesus macaque Mhc, which we propose to designate as Mamu-MICA (MIC1 and MIC3) and Mamu-MICB (MIC2). “MIC1” and “MIC3” are regarded as divergent allelic lineages of the Mamu-MICA gene. Mamu-MIC genotyping of DNA of a cohort of 68 experimentally simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques revealed
no significant association of either of the two Mamu-MICA allelic lineages with differences in progression to AIDS-like symptoms.
Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorize users.
Anne Averdam and Sandra Seelke contributed equally. 相似文献
3.
The heat shock protein HSP70 promotes mouse NK cell activity against tumors that express inducible NKG2D ligands 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Elsner L Muppala V Gehrmann M Lozano J Malzahn D Bickeböller H Brunner E Zientkowska M Herrmann T Walter L Alves F Multhoff G Dressel R 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2007,179(8):5523-5533
The stress-inducible heat shock protein (HSP) 70 is known to function as an endogenous danger signal that can increase the immunogenicity of tumors and induce CTL responses. We show in this study that HSP70 also activates mouse NK cells that recognize stress-inducible NKG2D ligands on tumor cells. Tumor size and the rate of metastases derived from HSP70-overexpressing human melanoma cells were found to be reduced in T and B cell-deficient SCID mice, but not in SCID/beige mice that lack additionally functional NK cells. In the SCID mice with HSP70-overexpressing tumors, NK cells were activated so that they killed ex vivo tumor cells that expressed NKG2D ligands. In the tumors, the MHC class I chain-related (MIC) A and B molecules were found to be expressed. Interestingly, a counter selection was observed against the expression of MICA/B in HSP70-overexpressing tumors compared with control tumors in SCID, but not in SCID/beige mice, suggesting a functional relevance of MICA/B expression. The melanoma cells were found to release exosomes. HSP70-positive exosomes from the HSP70-overexpressing cells, in contrast to HSP70-negative exosomes from the control cells, were able to activate mouse NK cells in vitro to kill YAC-1 cells, which express NKG2D ligands constitutively, or the human melanoma cells, in which MICA/B expression was induced. Thus, HSP70 and inducible NKG2D ligands synergistically promote the activation of mouse NK cells resulting in a reduced tumor growth and suppression of metastatic disease. 相似文献
4.
Nitish Kumar Sudheer D. V. N. Pamidimarri Meenakshi Kaur Girish Boricha Muppala P. Reddy 《Biologia》2008,63(3):378-382
Jatropha curcas is an oil bearing species with multiple uses and considerable economic potential as a biofuel crop. The effect of NaCl stress
on growth, ion accumulation, contents of protein, proline, and antioxidant enzymes activity in callus cultures of J. curcas was investigated. Exposure of callus to NaCl decreased growth in a concentration dependent manner. NaCl treated callus accumulated
Na and declined in K, Ca and Mg contents. Na/K ratio increased steadily as a function of external NaCl treatment. NaCl induced
significant differences in quality and quantity of proteins, whereas, proline accumulation remained more or less constant
with treatment. NaCl stress enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD; E.C. 1.15.1.1) and peroxidase (POX; E.C. 1.11.1.7).
Further in the isoenzyme studies, four SOD isoenzymes (SOD 1, 2, 3, and 4) and two POX isoenzymes (POX 1 and 2) were detected
with the treatment. NaCl strongly induced activity of SOD 4 isoenzyme in 40, 60, 80 mM and POX 2 isoenzyme in 40 and 80 mM
NaCl concentrations. Increase in antioxidant enzymes activity could be a response to cellular damage induced by NaCl. This
increase could not stop the deleterious effects of NaCl, but it reduced stress severity and thus allowed cell growth to occur. 相似文献
5.
Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) has acquired a great importance as a renewable source of energy with a number of environmental benefits. Very few attempts were made to understand the extent of genetic diversity and its distribution. This study was aimed to study the diversity and deduce the phylogeography of Jatropha curcas L. which is said to be the most primitive species of the genus Jatropha. Here we studied the intraspecific genetic diversity of the species distributed in different parts of the globe. The study also focused to understand the molecular diversity at reported probable center of origin (Mexico), and to reveal the dispersal route to other regions based on random amplified polymorphic DNA, amplified fragment length polymorphism and nrDNA-ITS sequences data. The overall genetic diversity of J. curcas found in the present study was narrow. The highest genetic diversity was observed in the germplasm collected from Mexico and supports the earlier hypothesis based on morphological data and natural distribution, it is the center for origin of the species. Least genetic diversity found in the Indian germplasm and clustering results revealed that the species was introduced simultaneously by two distinct germplasm and subsequently distributed in different parts of India. The present molecular data further revealed that J. curcas might have spread from the center of the origin to Cape Verde, than to Spain, Portuguese to other neighboring countries and simultaneously to Africa. The molecular evidence supports the Burkill et al. (A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula, Governments of Malaysia and Singapore by the Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1966) view of Portuguese might have introduced the species to India. The clustering pattern suggests that the distribution was interfered by human activity. 相似文献
6.
Sudheer Pamidimarri DV Singh S Mastan SG Patel J Reddy MP 《Molecular biology reports》2009,36(6):1357-1364
Jatropha curcas L., a multipurpose shrub has acquired significant economic importance for its seed oil which can be converted to biodiesel,
is emerging as an alternative to petro-diesel. The deoiled seed cake remains after oil extraction is toxic and cannot be used
as a feed despite having best nutritional contents. No quantitative and qualitative differences were observed between toxic
and non-toxic varieties of J. curcas except for phorbol esters content. Development of molecular marker will enable to differentiate non-toxic from toxic variety
in a mixed population and also help in improvement of the species through marker assisted breeding programs. The present investigation
was undertaken to characterize the toxic and non-toxic varieties at molecular level and to develop PCR based molecular markers
for distinguishing non-toxic from toxic or vice versa. The polymorphic markers were successfully identified specific to non-toxic
and toxic variety using RAPD and AFLP techniques. Totally 371 RAPD, 1,442 AFLP markers were analyzed and 56 (15.09%) RAPD,
238 (16.49%) AFLP markers were found specific to either of the varieties. Genetic similarity between non-toxic and toxic verity
was found to be 0.92 by RAPD and 0.90 by AFLP fingerprinting. In the present study out of 12 microsatellite markers analyzed,
seven markers were found polymorphic. Among these seven, jcms21 showed homozygous allele in the toxic variety. The study demonstrated
that both RAPD and AFLP techniques were equally competitive in identifying polymorphic markers and differentiating both the
varieties of J. curcas. Polymorphism of SSR markers prevailed between the varieties of J. curcas. These RAPD and AFLP identified markers will help in selective cultivation of specific variety and along with SSRs these
markers can be exploited for further improvement of the species through breeding and Marker Assisted Selection (MAS). 相似文献
7.
Pamidimarri?D.?V.?N.?SudheerEmail author Shaik?G.?Mastan Hifzur?Rahman Ch.?Ravi Prakash Sweta?Singh Muppala?P.?ReddyEmail author 《Molecular biology reports》2011,38(2):1383-1388
The present investigation was undertaken with an aim to check the ability of cross species amplification of microsatellite
markers isolated from Jatropha curcas—a renewable source of biodiesel to deduce the generic relationship with its six sister taxa (J. glandulifera, J. gossypifolia, J. integerrima, J. multifida, J. podagrica, and J. tanjorensis). Out of the 49 markers checked 31 markers showed cross species amplification in all the species studied. JCDS-30, JCDS-69,
JCDS-26, JCMS-13 and JCMS-21 amplified in J. curcas. However, these markers did not show any cross species amplification. Overall percentage of polymorphism (PP) among the species
studied was 38% and the mean genetic similarity (GS) was found to be 0.86. The highest PP (24) and least GS (0.76) was found
between J. curcas/J. podagrica and J. curcas/J. multifida and least PP (4.44) and highest GS (0.96) was found between J. integerrima/J. tanjorensis. Dendrogram analysis showed good congruence to RAPD and AFLP than nrDNA ITS data reported earlier. The characterized microsatellites
will pave way for intraspecies molecular characterization which can be further utilized in species differentiation, molecular
identification, characterization of interspecific hybrids, exploitation of genetic resource management and genetic improvement
of the species through marker assisted breeding for economically important traits. 相似文献
8.
A simple, high frequency, and reproducible method for plant regeneration through direct organogenesis from cotyledonary leaf
explants of Jatropha curcas was developed using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) or 6-benzyl
aminopurine (BAP). Medium containing TDZ has greater influence on regeneration as compared to BAP. The induced shoot buds
were transferred to MS medium containing 10 μM kinetin (Kn), 4.5 μM BAP, and 5.5 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for shoot
proliferation. The proliferated shoots could be elongated on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations
of BAP, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), NAA, and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). MS medium with 2.25 μM BAP and 8.5 μM IAA was found
to be the best combination for shoot elongation. However, significant differences in plant regeneration and shoot elongation
were observed among the genotypes studied. Rooting was achieved when the basal cut end of elongated shoots were dipped in
half strength MS liquid medium containing different concentrations and combinations of IBA, IAA, and NAA for 4 days, followed
by transfer to growth regulators free half strength MS medium supplemented 0.25 mg l−1 activated charcoal. Elongated shoot treated with 15 μM IBA, 5.7 μM IAA, and 11 μM NAA resulted in highest percent rooting.
The rooted plants could be established in soil with more than 90% survival rate. The method developed may be useful in improvement
of J. curcas through genetic modification. 相似文献
9.
D. V. N. Sudheer Pamidimarri Shaik G. Mastan Hifzur Rahman Muppala P. Reddy 《Molecular biology reports》2010,37(5):2249-2257
Jatropha curcas L. belongs to family Euphorbiaceae, native to South America and widely distributed in South and Central America, attained
significant importance for its seed oil which can be converted to biodiesel, a renewable energy source alternative to conventional
petro-diesel. Very few attempts were made to understand the extent of genetic diversity that exists in J. curcas. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to asses the genetic diversity among 28 diverse germplasm collected
from distinct geographical areas in India. The overall percentage of polymorphism (PP) was found to be 50.70 and 60.95 by
RAPD and AFLP, respectively. The mean PP was found to be 9.72 and 20.57 by RAPD and AFLP, respectively. The mean genetic similarity
was observed to be 0.89 by RAPD and 0.88 by AFLP. Among the germplasm JCI20 found to be the most diverged one. The dendrogram
analysis of RAPD and AFLP data showed good congruence, but better resolution and more polymorphism was observed with AFLP.
When the dendrogram of RAPD was compared with AFLP dendrogram, the major clustering pattern was found to be similar; however,
changes in minor grouping were observed. In both RAPD and AFLP analysis clustering of germplasm did not show any correlation
with the geographical area of collection. Low genetic diversity observed in J. curcas and the clustering pattern indicates that the distribution of species might have happened through anthropogenic activity
and warrants the need for widening the genetic base. The present study will provide pavement for further intra-population
studies on narrow geographical areas, to understand the population genetic structure, phylogeography, molecular ecological
studies. The marker information and the characterized germplasm help in further improvement of the species through marker
assisted breeding programs. 相似文献
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