排序方式: 共有32条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
A Bobba I Munno B Greco N M Pellegrino P Riccio E Jirillo E Quagliariello 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1991,180(2):1125-1129
We have applied a double tagging system in order to study whether purified myelin basic protein is able to adhere to normal human peripheral T lymphocytes without the need to purify cells. Evaluation of myelin basic protein adherence to peripheral blood mononuclear cells was determined with biotinylated myelin basic protein and fluoresceinated avidin, and lymphocyte population was identified by the corresponding phycoerythrinated monoclonal antibody. The observed adherence of myelin basic protein to T lymphocytes was found to depend on protein conformation. 相似文献
2.
3.
Current status of antisense DNA methods in behavioral studies 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The antisense DNA method has been used successfully to block the expression
of specific genes in vivo in neuronal systems. An increasing number of
studies in the last few years have shown that antisense DNA administered
directly into the brain can modify various kinds of behaviors. These
findings strongly suggest that the antisense DNA method can be used as a
powerful tool to study causal relationships between molecular processes in
the brain and behavior. In this article we review the current status of the
antisense method in behavioral studies and discuss its potentials and
problems by focusing on the following four aspects; (i) optimal application
paradigms of antisense DNA methods in behavioral studies; (ii) efficiencies
of different administration methods of antisense DNA used in behavioral
studies; (iii) determination of specificity of behavioral effects of
antisense DNA; and (iv) discrepancies between antisense DNA effects on
behaviors and those on protein levels of the targeted gene.
相似文献
4.
Paul DW Kirk Aviva Witkover Alan Courtney Alexandra M Lewin Robin Wait Michael PH Stumpf Sylvia Richardson Graham P Taylor Charles RM Bangham 《Retrovirology》2011,8(1):1-9
Background
A new subgroup of HIV-1, designated Group P, was recently detected in two unrelated patients of Cameroonian origin. HIV-1 Group P phylogenetically clusters with SIVgor suggesting that it is the result of a cross-species transmission from gorillas. Until today, HIV-1 Group P has only been detected in two patients, and its degree of adaptation to the human host is largely unknown. Previous data have shown that pandemic HIV-1 Group M, but not non-pandemic Group O or rare Group N viruses, efficiently antagonize the human orthologue of the restriction factor tetherin (BST-2, HM1.24, CD317) suggesting that primate lentiviruses may have to gain anti-tetherin activity for efficient spread in the human population. Thus far, three SIV/HIV gene products (vpu, nef and env) are known to have the potential to counteract primate tetherin proteins, often in a species-specific manner. Here, we examined how long Group P may have been circulating in humans and determined its capability to antagonize human tetherin as an indicator of adaptation to humans.Results
Our data suggest that HIV-1 Group P entered the human population between 1845 and 1989. Vpu, Env and Nef proteins from both Group P viruses failed to counteract human or gorilla tetherin to promote efficient release of HIV-1 virions, although both Group P Nef proteins moderately downmodulated gorilla tetherin from the cell surface. Notably, Vpu, Env and Nef alleles from the two HIV-1 P strains were all able to reduce CD4 cell surface expression.Conclusions
Our analyses of the two reported HIV-1 Group P viruses suggest that zoonosis occurred in the last 170 years and further support that pandemic HIV-1 Group M strains are better adapted to humans than non-pandemic or rare Group O, N and P viruses. The inability to antagonize human tetherin may potentially explain the limited spread of HIV-1 Group P in the human population. 相似文献5.
The tetra-aza ligand 3,6-bis(2′-pyridyl)pyridazine (L), when reacting in appropriate conditions with Cu(II) halides, gives rise to polynuclear complexes of general formula [Cu2L(OH)X3]n (X = Cl or Br). The bromine derivative has been studied by X-ray analysis. The crystals are twins by merohedry of class I, space group Pn (P21/n apparent space group), with the following cell constants: a = 13.691(5), b = 6.245(3), c = 10.298(4) Å, β = 103.92(5)°. The structure was refined by least-squares techniques to a final R factor of 0.066. The structure consists of binuclear units joined to each other through bridging bromine atoms to form a polymeric array. The two independent copper atoms of the dinuclear moiety are five-coordinated with a geometry which is intermediate between a square-pyramid and a trigonal-bipyramid. 相似文献
6.
7.
L-Lactate dehydrogenase (L-LDH, E.C. 1.1.1.27) is encoded by two or three
loci in all vertebrates examined, with the exception of lampreys, which
have a single LDH locus. Biochemical characterizations of LDH proteins have
suggested that a gene duplication early in vertebrate evolution gave rise
to Ldh-A and Ldh-B and that an additional locus, Ldh-C arose in a number of
lineages more recently. Although some phylogenetic studies of LDH protein
sequences have supported this pattern of gene duplication, others have
contradicted it. In particular, a number of studies have suggested that
Ldh-C represents the earliest divergence among vertebrate LDHs and that it
may have diverged from the other loci well before the origin of
vertebrates. Such hypotheses make explicit statements about the
relationship of vertebrate and invertebrate LDHs, but to date, no closely
related invertebrate LDH sequences have been available for comparison. We
have attempted to provide further data on the timing of gene duplications
leading to multiple vertebrate LDHs by determining the cDNA sequence of the
LDH of the tunicate Styela plicata. Phylogenetic analyses of this and other
LDH sequences provide strong support for the duplications giving rise to
multiple vertebrate LDHs having occurred after vertebrates diverged from
tunicates. The timing of these LDH duplications is consistent with data
from a number of other gene families suggesting widespread gene duplication
near the origin of vertebrates. With respect to the relationships among
vertebrate LDHs, our data are not consistent with previous claims that
Ldh-C represented the earliest divergence. However, the precise
relationships among some of the main lineages of vertebrate LDHs were not
resolved in our analyses.
相似文献
8.
van Nierop P Bertrand S Munno DW Gouwenberg Y van Minnen J Spafford JD Syed NI Bertrand D Smit AB 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2006,281(3):1680-1691
We described a family of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits underlying cholinergic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS) of the mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis. By using degenerate PCR cloning, we identified 12 subunits that display a high sequence similarity to nAChR subunits, of which 10 are of the alpha-type, 1 is of the beta-type, and 1 was not classified because of insufficient sequence information. Heterologous expression of identified subunits confirms their capacity to form functional receptors responding to acetylcholine. The alpha-type subunits can be divided into groups that appear to underlie cation-conducting (excitatory) and anion-conducting (inhibitory) channels involved in synaptic cholinergic transmission. The expression of the Lymnaea nAChR subunits, assessed by real time quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization, indicates that it is localized to neurons and widespread in the CNS, with the number and localization of expressing neurons differing considerably between subunit types. At least 10% of the CNS neurons showed detectable nAChR subunit expression. In addition, cholinergic neurons, as indicated by the expression of the vesicular ACh transporter, comprise approximately 10% of the neurons in all ganglia. Together, our data suggested a prominent role for fast cholinergic transmission in the Lymnaea CNS by using a number of neuronal nAChR subtypes comparable with vertebrate species but with a functional complexity that may be much higher. 相似文献
9.
Perlson E Medzihradszky KF Darula Z Munno DW Syed NI Burlingame AL Fainzilber M 《Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP》2004,3(5):510-520
Information on axonal damage is conveyed to neuronal cell bodies by a number of signaling modalities, including the post-translational modification of axoplasmic proteins. Retrograde transport of a subset of such proteins is thought to induce or enhance a regenerative response in the cell body. Here we report the use of a differential 2D-PAGE approach to identify injury-correlated retrogradely transported proteins in nerves of the mollusk Lymnaea. A comprehensive series of gels at different pI ranges allowed resolution of approximately 4000 spots by silver staining, and 172 of these were found to differ between lesioned versus control nerves. Mass spectrometric sequencing of 134 differential spots allowed their assignment to over 40 different proteins, some belonging to a vesicular ensemble blocked by the lesion and others comprising an up-regulated ensemble highly enriched in calpain cleavage products of an intermediate filament termed RGP51 (retrograde protein of 51 kDa). Inhibition of RGP51 expression by RNA interference inhibits regenerative outgrowth of adult Lymnaea neurons in culture. These results implicate regulated proteolysis in the formation of retrograde injury signaling complexes after nerve lesion and suggest that this signaling modality utilizes a wide range of protein components. 相似文献
10.
Rossini M Maddali Bongi S La Montagna G Minisola G Malavolta N Bernini L Cacace E Sinigaglia L Di Munno O Adami S 《Arthritis research & therapy》2010,12(6):R216