人体单臂间歇运动对发汗调定点的影响

本工作系在微小气候相对恒定条件下,对10名健康男青年每人进行四项实验。实验 Ⅰ 为测定双侧腿足浸入43℃水中,诱发左前臂屈侧显现定量汗点时的口腔温度(舌下)阈值,作为发汗调定点参考值(ToSSP);实验 Ⅱ 为 Ⅰ 附加右臂间歇轻负荷运动(77W)时测定 ToSSP,部分对象还记录了皮肤电反应;实验 Ⅲ、Ⅳ 为 Ⅰ、Ⅱ 均附加4.5m/s 气流(22—25℃)直吹头面部,再分别测定 ToSSP。实验 Ⅰ 与 Ⅱ 同体对照22人次,Ⅲ 与 Ⅳ 同体对照24人次。结果表明,实验 Ⅱ、Ⅳ 的 ToSSP 均值及其潜伏期均值分别较 Ⅰ、Ⅲ 者降低(P<0.01)或缩短(P<0.001);Ⅰ、Ⅱ间的 ToSSP 均值差、潜伏期均值差,分别与 Ⅲ、Ⅳ 之间者无显著差异(P>0.2);Ⅱ、Ⅳ 的ToSSP 均值各与其实验开始前的口温均值亦无明显差异(P>0.5)。此结果支持运动时体温调定点下降的论点,并提示在研究体温调定点活动时,以 ToSSP 为指标较用发汗速率为优越,因 ToSSP 不为许多干扰因素所影响。     

Streptococcus faecium var. casselifavus, nov. var

Streptococcus faecium var. casseliflavus is a gram-positive, spherical cell. The cells occur chiefly as pairs within chains and elongate to ogive-shaped cells during growth. Growth is good on 5% bile salts-agar and in broth at 10 C, and in broth adjusted to pH 9.6 or containing 6.5% NaCl, but many strains fail to grow at 45 C. Litmus is reduced rapidly prior to formation of an acid curd. Few strains release ammonia from arginine or serine. The organism is not proteolytic and does not produce H(2)S or acetylmethylcarbinol, reduce nitrate, decarboxylate tyrosine, or produce slime on sucrose-agar. Most strains survive heating to 60 C for 30 min. It produces gray colonies on potassium tellurite agar, reduces 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium-HCl to a pink color, and ferments cellobiose, dextrin, maltose, mannose, and sorbitol, thus resembling S. faecalis. Like S. faecium, it produces peroxidase but not catalase on heated blood media, dissimilates malate, and ferments arabinose, melibiose, and salicin, but not melezitose. Like both species, it ferments dextrose, galactose, lactose, mannitol, sucrose, trehalose, and citrate. Properties peculiar to the variant include the high pH limiting initiation and termination of growth; the fermentation of alpha-methyl-d-glucoside, raffinose, and xylose; motility; and growth without blue button formation in ethyl violet broth. The water-soluble, pale lemon-yellow pigment is released into the aqueous phase only after the cell envelope is altered by fat solvents. The bacterium thrives as an epiphyte on plants.     

Growth of Streptococcus faecalis var. liquefaciens on Plants

The proliferation of Streptococcus faecalis var. liquefaciens on two varieties of beans, and on corn, rye, and cabbage was investigated. Comparisons were made with growth patterns on these same plants exhibited by S. lactis and Lactobacillus plantarum. The ability of each of the bacteria to multiply and to spread to new plant parts as they developed from seed was studied under several environmental conditions. Plants were grown aseptically in glass culture and in sterilized and non-sterilized soil in the greenhouse. Quantitative estimations of increase in bacterial numbers were made. S. faecalis established commensal growth on each of five plants, although selectivity was noted for some plant parts. The organism increased in numbers on the plants equally as well as did the control bacteria, both alone, and in competition with the control bacteria and the microflora of the soil.     

我国恙虫蚴的三个新种(蜱螨目, 恙虫科)

近几年来,我国科学家们在恙虫方面的研究工作巳经取得了显著的成就。然而,这对于拥有辽阔疆土的我国来说,实在只不过是一个开始。我们在这方面的工作也做得很少,虽然从1953年开始收集标本,由于各种条件所限制,未能及时整理,以致大量标本散失或霉烂,十分可惜。本文内容,仅仅是将我站恙虫病调研工作组1957年在本省各地所采集的材料中的三种恙虫蚴加以描述,该三种恙虫蚴均系文献上未曾记载过的种类。     

Effects of stripe rust on the evolution of genetically diverse wheat populations

Summary Eighteen populations, composed of four wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties that were originally mixed together at equal frequencies, were grown for one-to-three generations at two locations. In addition, pure stands of the four varieties were grown in each year. Populations were either exposed to two stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) races, protected from stripe rust, or exposed to alternating years of diseased and disease-free conditions. Regression of the logit of a variety's frequency versus generation number was used to calculate the relative fitness of each variety in each population. These analyses suggest that the relative fitnesses of the wheat varieties were affected by disease and geographic location and were constant over time. However, frequency-changes of varieties in the mixtures were negatively correlated with their planting frequencies (0.0001 < P < 0.085 in 14 out of 16 cases), suggesting that fitnesses were frequency-dependent in both the presence and absence of disease. We hypothesize that failure to detect frequency-dependence of fitness in the logit analyses was due to a limited number of generations and a limited range of initial variety frequencies. This is supported by data from longer-term studies in the literature that provide evidence for frequency-dependence of fitness in plant mixtures. Analyses of currently available field data suggest that stable equilibria may be a more likely outcome for mixtures of varieties that are more closely related and/or more uniformly adapted to the environment in which they are grown.Paper No. 9820 of the journal series of the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station.     

基于扩展耗模型的可持续发展水平区域空间差异——以中国31个省市为数据源

将区域作为一个以人类生产和消费为中心的社会-经济-自然复合生态系统,构建了一种基于生物物理视角的生态热力学方法,从整体角度对区域的可持续发展水平进行定量评价。该方法囊括了维持复合生态系统运转过程中的自然资源投入、人力资源投入和环境污染损害成本投入等三种要素,完善了可持续发展评价以及绿色GDP核算中人力资源投入和环境成本的价值体现。然后以我国为例,核算了我国31个省市2006—2015年间可持续发展水平的时间动态,并以各省为边界,计算了2015年的区域可持续发展水平差异。计算结果显示:(1)十年间,我国整体上的可持续发展水平在逐步提高,能反映出我国生产率水平的提高和资源利用效率的提高;(2)从要素投入看,自然资源投入仍然占主要,但比例在逐渐降低。环境成本投入比例呈逐步降低趋势,说明环境保护取得了成效。另外,在2010年后,人力资源投入比例增加很快,反映了我国经济发展中劳动力成本上升明显。(3)各省市的计算结果差异较大,在不考虑区域间进出口的情况下,从GDP产出角度,北京的可持续发展水平最高,西藏最低。通过将本文的评价结果与绿色发展指数的评价结果进行比较,发现具有较好的一致性。建立的方法框架是对能值分析方法的扩展和完善,在今后的研究中,还需要继续对该方法框架中没有考虑全面的因素加以考虑,以便于更全面客观地反映区域的可持续发展水平。     

半干旱黄土丘陵区不同人工植被恢复土壤水分的相对亏缺

土壤水分是制约半干旱黄土丘陵区植被恢复和生态建设的关键因子。而缺乏科学指导的人工植被恢复会加剧土壤水分耗竭,造成土壤水分亏缺,从而严重阻碍该区生态系统恢复和脆弱生境的有效改善。本研究以典型半干旱黄土丘陵区甘肃定西龙滩流域为例,对比不同植被恢复模式下土壤储水状况,并通过构建土壤水分相对亏缺指数CSWDI（Compared Soil Water Deficit Index）和样地土壤水分相对亏缺指数PCSWDI（Plot Compared Soil Water Deficit Index）进行定量化分析与评价,发现各人工植被均存在不同程度的土壤水分亏缺。其中,柠条、油松、山杏林地PCSWDI分别达到0.65、0.62、0.62,土壤水分亏缺严重,尤其是100 cm以下土层;山毛桃林地和苜蓿草地PCSWDI分别为0.38和0.17,在100—200 cm土层有一定程度的水分亏缺,但相对较轻;侧柏林地土壤水分的亏缺主要集中在20—100 cm这一层次,100 cm以下则随深度增加而降低;0—200 cm土层内,杨树林地、撂荒草地和马铃薯农地无显著水分亏缺,且在0—100 cm内土壤水分有一定的补充。CSWDI和PCSWDI能有效反映不同层次和样地土壤水分相对亏缺状况,可用于同一地区不同植被恢复模式土壤水分响应的定量化分析与评估。     

水翁(Cleistocalyx operculatus)幼苗对淹水的反应初报

研究了水翁在生理和形态上对3个月淹水期的反应。在潮湿或淹水条件下水翁能存活并保持一定的净光合速率和生长速率,全淹条件下存活期为60d,水翁对淹水的适应包括：（1）淹和的茎部产生肥大皮孔和不定根,（2）不定根系的活力比正常根系的活力高,有不定根的植株的气孔传导率和蒸腾速率比没有不定根的植株高得多。水翁是一种耐淹植物,可在河岸、库岸等水位波动地区种植。     

广竹的生物学特性及栽培技术研究

对广竹的生物学特性及栽培技术研究结果表明:广竹的出笋历期较短且非常集中,出笋高峰期集中在4月上旬,出笋数量占全期出笋总数的62.7%;幼竹高生长及枝条生长曲线均呈"S"形,遵循慢—快—慢的节律;此竹种属于混生竹,可移竹繁殖和埋鞭繁殖,前一方法的繁殖效果较好,成活率可达60%,而埋鞭繁殖效果相对较差,成活率只有38%,最佳繁殖时间宜在12月下旬至次年2月进行;根据其各生长阶段的生长规律、无性繁殖栽培技术以及生产实践,提出了主要栽培技术措施。