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1.
Variation in the ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) among eight taxa of the Mimulus guttatus species complex 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1 and ITS2) of the 18S-25S
nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence and the intervening 5.8S region were
sequenced from three individuals in each of eight taxa of the Mimulus
guttatus species complex. Three discrete variants, or "types," of ITS
sequences were found, among which 30%-40% of sites differed, compared with
1%-2% within types. Dot plots indicate that these types were not related by
conspicuous rearrangements or inversions. More than one ITS type was often
found in the same taxon, and two of three ITS types span species
boundaries, indicating their presence prior to speciation. These ITS
sequences showed essentially no positional homology with the nearest
sequenced relative, tomato. In contrast, the 5.8S region was relatively
unvaried, with 8 of 162 sites varied in the sample among all eight taxa.
The phylogeny inferred by the most common ITS sequence type, rooted by the
two other ITS types, agreed with isozymes in showing the distinctness of M.
nudatus, M. laciniatus, and M. tilingii from the other five taxa.
相似文献
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大中型食肉动物肇事事件导致人类与野生动物关系恶化,给生物多样性保护工作带来巨大的挑战。若尔盖湿地是我国三大湿地之一,湿地、草原分布广泛,生物多样性丰富,畜牧业发达,但近年来狼(Canis lupus)捕杀牲畜的肇事事件时有发生。为了解若尔盖野生狼肇事件的空间分布以及牧民对人-狼冲突管理的看法,本研究于2022年对若尔盖县13个乡镇83个行政村进行走访调查。结果表明:(1)多数受访者(66.0%)认为在过去5年内,若尔盖县野生狼数量有所增加;(2)狼肇事事件具有明显的空间分异性,最严重的是包座乡。包座乡临近山区,该区域牧场面积广阔、牧民饲养牲畜数量多等原因导致该镇发生狼肇事事件较多;(3)对于狼肇事,绝大多数牧民(85.0%)更希望采取经济补偿或者驱赶措施,只有少数牧民(9.4%)希望采取捕杀的措施;(4)影响牧民对狼肇事管理措施的偏好因子中,受教育程度、年龄、民族以及被杀牲畜数量有显著影响。建议加强狼种群监测管理,采取措施减少狼捕杀牲畜,优化补偿机制,缓解当地牧民与狼之间的矛盾。本研究为当前若尔盖县野生动物保护和管理决策提供了依据,对其他地区大型食肉动物与当地居民冲突管理具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
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Margaret R. Cunningham Shaista P. Nisar Alexandra E. Cooke Elizabeth D. Emery Stuart J. Mundell 《Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark)》2013,14(5):585-598
P2Y12 receptor internalization and recycling play an essential role in ADP‐induced platelet activation. Recently, we identified a patient with a mild bleeding disorder carrying a heterozygous mutation of P2Y12 (P341A) whose P2Y12 receptor recycling was significantly compromised. Using human cell line models, we identified key proteins regulating wild‐type (WT) P2Y12 recycling and investigated P2Y12‐P341A receptor traffic. Treatment with ADP resulted in delayed Rab5‐dependent internalization of P341A when compared with WT P2Y12. While WT P2Y12 rapidly recycled back to the membrane via Rab4 and Rab11 recycling pathways, limited P341A recycling was observed, which relied upon Rab11 activity. Although minimal receptor degradation was evident, P341A was localized in Rab7‐positive endosomes with considerable agonist‐dependent accumulation in the trans‐Golgi network (TGN). Rab7 activity is known to facilitate recruitment of retromer complex proteins to endosomes to transport cargo to the TGN. Here, we identified that P341A colocalized with Vps26; depletion of which blocked limited recycling and promoted receptor degradation. This study has identified key points of divergence in the endocytic traffic of P341A versus WT‐P2Y12. Given that these pathways are retained in human platelets, this research helps define the molecular mechanisms regulating P2Y12 receptor traffic and explain the compromised receptor function in the platelets of the P2Y12‐P341A‐expressing patient. 相似文献
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Michael R. Dohn Nathan A. Mundell Leah M. Sawyer Julie A. Dunlap Jason R. Jessen 《Developmental biology》2013
Zebrafish gastrulation cell movements occur in the context of dynamic changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and require the concerted action of planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins that regulate cell elongation and mediolateral alignment. Data obtained using Xenopus laevis gastrulae have shown that integrin–fibronectin interactions underlie the formation of polarized cell protrusions necessary for PCP and have implicated PCP proteins themselves as regulators of ECM. By contrast, the relationship between establishment of PCP and ECM assembly/remodeling during zebrafish gastrulation is unclear. We previously showed that zebrafish embryos carrying a null mutation in the four-pass transmembrane PCP protein vang-like 2 (vangl2) exhibit increased matrix metalloproteinase activity and decreased immunolabeling of fibronectin. These data implicated for the first time a core PCP protein in the regulation of pericellular proteolysis of ECM substrates and raised the question of whether other zebrafish PCP proteins also impact ECM organization. In Drosophila melanogaster, the cytoplasmic PCP protein Prickle binds Van Gogh and regulates its function. Here we report that similar to vangl2, loss of zebrafish prickle1a decreases fibronectin protein levels in gastrula embryos. We further show that Prickle1a physically binds Vangl2 and regulates both the subcellular distribution and total protein level of Vangl2. These data suggest that the ability of Prickle1a to impact fibronectin organization is at least partly due to effects on Vangl2. In contrast to loss of either Vangl2 or Prickle1a function, we find that glypican4 (a Wnt co-receptor) and frizzled7 mutant gastrula embryos with disrupted non-canonical Wnt signaling exhibit the opposite phenotype, namely increased fibronectin assembly. Our data show that glypican4 mutants do not have decreased proteolysis of ECM substrates, but instead have increased cell surface cadherin protein expression and increased intercellular adhesion. These data indicate that Wnt/Glypican4/Frizzled signaling regulates ECM assembly through effects on cadherin-mediated cell cohesion. Together, our results demonstrate that zebrafish Vangl2/Prickle1a and non-canonical Wnt/Frizzled signaling have opposing effects on ECM organization underlying PCP and gastrulation cell movements. 相似文献
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Different values have resulted in conflicts between anglers and conservation lobbies in the management of trout in South Africa. Key to the conflict is the demarcation of boundaries to areas in which brown trout Salmo trutta and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss currently occur, or are likely to establish following stocking for angling. To provide a longer-term perspective on these areas, we developed models to link salmonid biological thermal thresholds to elevation. These, when applied spatially using a digital elevation model with a probability of occurrence model, provided the basis for estimating potentially available thermal habitat for these two cold water species. Here, we acknowledge that other variables (stocking history; river connectivity) also play a role in understanding trout distributions. Using a simple scenario of an increase in mean daily water temperatures of 2 °C, we demonstrated that both brown and rainbow trout are likely to exhibit considerable range reductions in the future. Because it is possible that these range restrictions will result in an increasing desire to introduce trout into areas above their current distribution limits for the maintenance of angling opportunities, conservation managers should prioritise these areas, with management interventions seeking to understand what will help to limit introductions. 相似文献
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从茎花葱臭木种子中分离得到5个化合物,经理化与波谱分析鉴定为β-谷甾醇(1)、没食子酸乙酯(2)、胡萝卜苷(3)、1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(2S,3S,4R,8Z)-2-N-(2 ′-羟基二十四烷酰氨基)十八二氧鞘氨-8-烯(4)和2,3,2″,3″-四氢穗花杉双黄酮(5).这5个化合物均首次从该植物中分离得到.其中化合物5进行细胞毒活性测试,没有显示抑制活性. 相似文献