Molecular Biology Reports - Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are widely employed as invaluable therapeutics for a vast number of human disorders. Several approaches have been introduced for the... 相似文献
Russian Journal of Plant Physiology - Having increased the temperature of different regions, global climate change can affect plants’ growth and development. This study aimed to explore the... 相似文献
Low-density quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) arrays are often used to profile expression patterns of microRNAs in various biological milieus. To achieve accurate analysis of expression of miRNAs, non-biological sources of variation in data should be removed through precise normalization of data. We have systematically compared the performance of 19 normalization methods on different subsets of a real miRNA qPCR dataset that covers 40 human tissues. After robustly modeling the mean squared error (MSE) in normalized data, we demonstrate lower variability between replicates is achieved using various methods not applied to high-throughput miRNA qPCR data yet. Normalization methods that use splines or wavelets smoothing to estimate and remove Cq dependent non-linearity between pairs of samples best reduced the MSE of differences in Cq values of replicate samples. These methods also retained between-group variability in different subsets of the dataset. 相似文献
Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology - Targeted drug delivery is an impressive topic that attracted the attention of many scientists in various scientific communities. Magnetic drug... 相似文献
Nowadays, increased use of nanomaterials in industry and biomedicine poses potential risks to human health and the environment. Studying their possible toxicological effects is therefore of great significance. The present investigation was designed to examine the status of oxidative stress induced by nanoparticles (NPs) of ferric oxide (Fe2O 3) and titanium oxide (TiO 2) with their micro-sized counterpart on mouse lung and bone marrow–derived normal tissue cells. We assessed the induction of oxidative stress by measuring its indicators such as antioxidant scavenging activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as malondialdehyde concentration. Moreover, colony formation of bone marrow cells was assayed following induction with colony stimulating factor (CSF) from lung cells. NPs had a more potent stimulatory effect on the oxidative stress status than their micron-sized counterparts. In addition, the highest level of oxidative stress derived from TiO 2 NPs was observed in both tissue types. Cotreatment with NPs and the antioxidant α-tocopherol reduced antioxidant activities and membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the lung cells, but increased CSF-induced colony formation activity of bone marrow cells, suggesting that oxidative stress may be the cause of the cytotoxic effects of NPs. It is concluded that free radicals generated following exposure to NPs resulted in significant oxidative stress in mouse cells, indicated by increased LPO and antioxidant enzyme activity and decreased colony formation. 相似文献
Molecular Biology Reports - Celiac disease (CeD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are accompanied by impaired immune responses. To study the immune regulation of these diseases, we evaluated... 相似文献
The study aimed to re-investigate differences in olfactory thresholds and
odor discrimination between the left and right sides in relation to the
handedness of healthy subjects. Twenty left- and 20 right-handers
participated; all were in excellent health with no indication of any major
nasal or health problems, and all were non-smokers. The two groups were
comparable in terms of sex and age (left-handers: 11 women, 9 men, median
age 25 years; right-handers: 9 women, 11 men, median age 26 years). Odor
thresholds did not differ in relation to handedness. However, in the odor
discrimination task the left-handers performed significantly better at the
left side compared with the right nostril; this pattern was reversed in the
right-handers. The data indicate that, similar to other sensory systems,
higher olfactory functions exhibit a certain degree of lateralization.
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Substance P is a neurotransmitter or modulator in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. In this work, modifications of the lysine in SP by homocysteine and an acetyl group as well as the conformational dynamics of the native and modified SP peptides and their complexes with the NK1 receptor were studied via MD simulation. It was found that modifying SP stabilizes the peptide structure, but the modified SP peptides are less likely to bind to the NK1 receptor, so the resulting complexes are less stable. The RMSD of native SP (~0.33 nm) is about twice as large as that of the modified SP peptides (~0.18 nm), while the RMSD for the receptor complexed with native SP is ~0.3 nm, and that for the receptor complexed with either of the modified peptides is ~0.35 nm, which demonstrates the high stability of the modified SP peptides as well as the receptor complexed with native SP. Such behavior was also observed in other structural analyses. The binding free energies of the native and modified SP peptides with the NK1 receptor were also compared. The ΔGbind values for the binding of homocysteinylated SP to the NK1 receptor and the binding of the acetylated SP and native SP to the NK1 receptor were ?38.89, ?64.46, and???264.52 kJ mol?1, respectively. Modification of the lysine of SP decreases the binding affinity of the peptide to the NK1 receptor. In other words, homocysteinylation or acetylation of SP leads to weaker interactions of the peptide with the NK1 receptor compared to those between native SP and NK1. We propose that this phenomenon leads to increased levels of homocysteinylated SP in plasma in many diseases such as breast cancer.
Graphical abstract Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide which binds to the NK1 receptor. SP is of great pharmacological interest, as agonists and antagonists of SP can potentially be used to treat many chronic diseases. Therefore, in this work, the lysine (LYS) in SP was theoretically modified with a homocysteine or acetyl group to explore the effects of such a modification on the binding affinity of this peptide with the NK1 receptor and the structural dynamics of the resulting complex