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1.
Legionella pneumophila in Cooling Towers: Fluctuations in Counts, Determination of Genetic Variability by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), and Persistence of PFGE Patterns 下载免费PDF全文
Sonia Ragull Marian Garcia-Nuez Maria Luisa Pedro-Botet Nieves Sopena Maria Esteve Rafael Montenegro Miquel Sabri 《Applied microbiology》2007,73(16):5382-5384
The concentrations of Legionella pneumophila in cooling towers may vary considerably over short periods of time, producing significant fluctuations throughout the year. Despite genetic variability, in small geographical areas the same indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns may be shared among different cooling towers and persist over time. 相似文献
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Short-term effects of carbon dioxide on carnation callus cell respiration 总被引:10,自引:6,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
The addition of potassium bicarbonate to the electrode cuvette immediately stimulated the rate of dark O2 uptake of photomixotrophic and heterotrophic carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) callus, of Elodea canadensis (Michx) leaves, and of other plant tissues. This phenomenon occurred at pH values lower than 7.2 to 7.8, and the stimulation depended on the concentration of gaseous CO2 in the solution. These stimulatory responses lasted several minutes and then decreased, but additional bicarbonate or gaseous CO2 again stimulated respiration, suggesting a reversible effect. Carbonic anhydrase in the solution increased the stimulatory effect of potassium bicarbonate. The CO2/bicarbonate dependent stimulation of respiration did not occur in animal tissues such as rat diaphragm and isolated hepatocytes, and was inhibited by salicylhydroxamic acid in carnation callus cells and E. canadensis leaves. This suggested that the alternative oxidase was engaged during the stimulation in plant tissues. The cytochrome pathway was severely inhibited by CO2/bicarbonate either in the absence or in the presence of the uncoupler carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone. The activity of cytochrome c oxidase of callus tissue homogenates was also inhibited by CO2/bicarbonate. The results suggested that high carbon dioxide levels (mainly free CO2) partially inhibited the cytochrome pathway (apparently at the oxidase level), and this block in electron transport elicited a large transient engagement of the alternative oxidase when present uninhibited. 相似文献
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It is usually thought that unlike terrestrial plants, phytoplankton will not show a significant response to an increase of atmospheric CO2. Here we suggest that this view may be biased by a neglect of the effects of carbon (C) assimilation on the pH and the dissociation of the C species. We show that under eutrophic conditions, productivity may double as a result of doubling of the atmospheric CO2 concentration. Although in practice productivity increase will usually be less, we still predict a productivity increase of up to 40% in marine species with a low affinity for bicarbonate. In eutrophic freshwater systems doubling of atmospheric CO2 may result in an increase of the productivity of more than 50%. Freshwaters with low alkalinity appeared to be very sensitive to atmospheric CO2 elevation. Our results suggest that the aquatic C sink may increase more than expected, and that nuisance phytoplankton blooms may be aggravated at elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. 相似文献
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Lurling Miquel; Roozen Frank; Van Donk Ellen; Goser Brigitte 《Journal of plankton research》2003,25(8):967-978
The effects of chemicals released from crowded congeners andconspecifics on life history parameters of the freshwater zooplanktersDaphnia cucullata and Daphnia pulex were examined. Length andage at maturity of D. pulex were affected by crowding chemicals.Reproduction was lower in crowded medium, and ephippia wereproduced. Newborn D. pulex in crowded medium were significantlylonger than the controls. The intrinsic rate of population increaseof D. pulex was 14 and 25% lower than the control when exposedto crowded medium from D. cucullata and D. pulex, respectively.Neither urea nor ammonia (at 1 mg l-1) seemed to be responsiblefor these effects in D. pulex. In D. cucullata, no significanteffect of crowding infochemicals on length and age at maturitywas found. However, crowding chemicals reduced reproduction.No ephippia were produced in crowded medium, but up to 83% non-developingeggs were observed in D. cucullata. Newborns were similarlysized in crowded and standard medium. The intrinsic rate ofpopulation increase of D. cucullata was 44 and 96% lower thanthe control when exposed to crowded medium from D. cucullataand D. pulex, respectively. Clearance rates of D. pulex weresignificantly reduced in crowded media compared with standardmedium, which could partly explain why the animals exposed tocrowding chemicals reacted as if they were food limited. 相似文献
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Miquel Angel Contreras Thomas Haack Miriam Royo Ernest Giralt Miquel Pons 《Letters in Peptide Science》1997,4(1):29-39
Temperature coefficients are widely used as an indication of solvent accessibility to amide protons. Low temperature coefficients are related to low accessibility and are often interpreted as evidence for intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Conformational shifts, i.e. the difference between chemical shifts of a particular residue in a structured and in a random-coil conformation, provide information on secondary structure. In particular, negative CH conformational shifts are often used to delineate the extent of helical stretches. NH conformational shifts show large oscillations within a helix that have been interpreted as the result of helix distortions affecting hydrogen bond lengths. In the course of the study of different peptides that adopt a helical structure in the presence of the structure-inducing solvent hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), we have found a strong correlation between temperature coefficients and amide conformational shifts. However, contrary to the initial expectations, lower temperature coefficients were associated to amide protons involved in longer, and presumably weaker, hydrogen bonds. The correlation can be explained, however, assuming that, in helical peptides dissolved in HFIP, temperature affects the chemical shift of amide protons mainly by changing the average length of intramolecular hydrogen bonds and changes in solvent accessibility play only a secondary role under these experimental conditions. The pattern of temperature coefficients in helical peptides can therefore be used to identify short or long hydrogen bonds causing bending of the helix axis. 相似文献
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Miquel Barbera Laura Escriva Jorge Mariano Collantes-Alegre Giuseppe Meca Ezio Rosato David Martinez-Torres 《Insect Science》2020,27(2):224-238
Aphids display life cycles largely determined by the photoperiod.During the warm long-day seasons.most aphid species reproduce by viviparous parthenogenesis.The shortening of the photoperiod in autumn induces a switch to sexual reproduction.Males and sexual females mate to produce overwintering resistant eggs.In addition to this full life cycle(holocycle),there are anholocyelic lineages that do not respond to changes in photoperiod and reproduce continuously by parthenogenesis.The molecular or hormonal events that trigger the scasonal response(i.c,induction of the sexual phenotypes)are still unknown.Although circadian synthesis of melatonin is known to play a key role in vertebrate photoperiodism,the involvement of the circadian clock and/or of the hor-mone melatonin in insect seasonal responses is not so well established.Here we show that melatonin levels in the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum are significantly higher in holocyclice aphids reared under short days than under long days,while no differences were found between anholoeyelic aphids under the same conditions.We also found that melatonin is localized in the aphid suboesophageal ganglion(SOG)and in the thoracic ganglionic mass(TGM).In analogy to vertcbrates,insect-type arylalkxylamine N-acetyltransferases(i-AANATs)are thought to play a key role in melatonin synthesis.We measured the expression of four I-AANAT genes identified in A.pisum and localized two of them in situ in the insect central nervous systems(CNS).Levels of expression of these genes were compatible with the quantities of melatonin observed.Moreover,like melatonin,expression of these genes was found in the SOG and the TGM. 相似文献
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Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is an invasive and potentially toxic cyanobacterium, which has recently spread worldwide, mainly because of its tolerance to a wide range of climatic conditions. C. raciborskii is able to change several traits in response to environmental changes and its morphology is also affected by these changes (especially in nutrients). We also expected temperature to affect the morphology of this cyanobacterium. We examined the growth and morphology of C. raciborskii at different temperatures and compared laboratory results to the morphology of this cyanobacterium in situ. As expected, growth rates increased with temperature. In addition, a high carrying capacity at 32°C suggests that this cyanobacterium is able to form more dense blooms at high temperatures. Fragile trichomes and low growth rates were observed at 12°C. An increase in the growth rate related to temperature resulted in a decrease in trichome length, with shorter trichomes at 32°C. The same pattern was observed in wild populations of C. raciborskii in a tropical reservoir, where shorter trichomes were observed in warmer months, when biomass was highest. This species' high ability to adapt to different environmental conditions throughout the year (i.e., nutrients, temperature) may have provided it with an additional advantage to increase its perennial blooms, mainly in tropical regions. 相似文献