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Molecular phylogeny of Neotropical bioluminescent beetles (Coleoptera: Elateroidea) in southern and central Brazil 下载免费PDF全文
Bioluminescence in beetles is found mainly in the Elateroidea superfamily (Elateridae, Lampyridae and Phengodidae). The Neotropical region accounts for the richest diversity of bioluminescent species in the world with about 500 described species, most occurring in the Amazon, Atlantic rainforest and Cerrado (savanna) ecosystems in Brazil. The origin and evolution of bioluminescence, as well as the taxonomic status of several Neotropical taxa in these families remains unclear. In order to contribute to a better understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of bioluminescent Elateroidea we sequenced and analyzed sequences of mitochondrial NADH2 and the nuclear 28S genes and of the cloned luciferase sequences of Brazilian species belonging to the following genera: (Lampyridae) Macrolampis, Photuris, Amydetes, Bicellonycha, Aspisoma, Lucidota, Cratomorphus; (Elateridae) Conoderus, Pyrophorus, Hapsodrilus, Pyrearinus, Fulgeochlizus; and (Phengodidae) Pseudophengodes, Phrixothrix, Euryopa and Brasilocerus. Our study supports a closer phylogenetic relationship between Elateridae and Phengodidae as other molecular studies, in contrast with previous morphologic and molecular studies that clustered Lampyridae/Phengodidae. Molecular data also supported division of the Phengodinae subfamily into the tribes Phengodini and Mastinocerini. The position of the genus Amydetes supports the status of the Amydetinae as a subfamily. The genus Euryopa is included in the Mastinocerini tribe within the Phengodinae/Phengodidae. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Involvement of rabphilin-3A-like (RPH3AL), or Noc2, the potential effector of Ras-associated binding proteins Rab3A and Rab27A in the regulation of exocytotic processes in the endocrine pancreas has been demonstrated in experimental models. Noc2 expression together with other regulatory molecules of the exocytotic machinery in human tissues, however, has not been studied. We evaluated immunohistochemical expression of the key molecules of the exocytotic machinery, Noc2, Rab3A, Rab27A, and RIM2, together with the characteristic islet cell hormones, insulin and glucagon in normal and endocrine tumor tissues of human pancreas. Normal pancreatic islets were stained for all of these proteins and showed strong cytoplasmic localization. A similar pattern of strong cytoplasmic expression of these proteins was observed in the majority of endocrine tumors. By contrast, the exocrine portions of normal appearing pancreas completely lacked Rab27A staining and showed decreased expression of the proteins, Noc2, Rab3A, and RIM2. The staining pattern of Noc2 and Rab27A was similar to the staining pattern of glucagon-producing cells within the islets. The concomitant expression of Noc2 with these molecules suggests that Noc2 may serve as an effector for Rab3A and Rab27A and that it is involved in the regulation of exocytosis of the endocrine pancreas in humans. 相似文献
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Infestation of zope Abramis ballerus with Dactylogyrus chranilowi Bychowsky, 1931 depending on the bactericidal activity of the host's blood serum was investigated. Connection of the infestation intensity with the level of antimicrobial effect of the host's blood serum is demonstrated. 相似文献
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The ability to discriminate between galactose and N- acetylgalactosamine,
observed in some lectins, is crucial for their biological activity as well
as their usefulness as tools in biology and medicine. However, the
molecular basis of differential binding of lectins to these two sugars is
poorly understood. Peanut agglutinin (PNA) is one of the few
galactose-specific legume lectins which does not bind N-
acetylgalactosamine at all and is, therefore, ideal for the study of the
basis of specificity towards C-2 substituted derivatives of
galactopyranosides. Examination of the three-dimensional structure of PNA
in complex with lactose revealed the presence of both a longer loop and
bulkier residues in the region surrounding the C-2 hydroxyl of the
galactopyranoside ring, which can sterically prevent the accommodation of a
bulky substituent in this position. One such residue, is a glutamic acid at
position 129 which protrudes into the binding site and perhaps directly
obstructs any substitution at the C-2 position. Two mutants in bacterially
expressed PNA were therefore constructed. These were E129D and E129A, in
which Glu129 was replaced by Asp and Ala, respectively. The specificity of
the mutants for galactose, galactosamine, and N- acetylgalactosamine was
examined through observing the inhibition of hemagglutination and binding
of the lectin to immobilized asialofetuin. The results showed that the
affinity of E129A and E129D for C-2-substituted derivatives of the
galactose varies. The mutant E129D showed significant binding towards N-
acetylgalactosamine, suggesting that the residue Glu 129 is crucial in
imparting exclusive galactose-specificity upon PNA. This study not only
attempts to provide an explanation for the inability of PNA to accommodate
C-2-substituted derivatives at its primary subsite, but also seeks to
present a basis for engineering lectins with altered specificities.
相似文献
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A comparative analysis of indices of peroxidation lipids in tissues of Ligula inteslinalis plerocercoids and in the intermediate fish host, the bream Abramis brama, was performed for the content of common lipids (CL), malonate di-aldehyde (MDA), which is a product of lipid peroxidation (POL), and common antioxidate activity (CAA). The dependence of indices upon size of parasites is recovered. The long-sized parasites had higher rate of MDA and intense CAA. The higher rate of MDA and low one of CAA was observed in the infected fishers comparing to the healthy ones. 相似文献
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The results of the comparative analysis of the spleen in healthy individuals of bream Abramis brama and those infected by the Ligula intestinalis plerocercoids are given. Two age groups of bream were studied. The comparison was carried out by the index of common lipids (CL), the content of common lipids, the intensity of lipid peroxidation (POL), and the common antioxidant activity (CAA). The dependence of the lipid exchange character in the fishes infected by Ligula on age, as well as on different levels of the infestation is demonstrated. 相似文献
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The influence of insulin on the contamination of the carp Cyprinus carpio with the monogenetic fluke Dactylogyrus vastator is studied. Fishes reacted to the introduction of the hormon by the decrease in the degree of intensity of infection and by the increase in the number of lifeless parasites on gills, by contrast to control fishes and fishes processed with stress hormones (adrenaline and cortisol). We assume that the decrease in the abundance index in live monogenetic fluke and the increase in the number of lifeless oness is caused by the deficiency of nutrients accessible for the growth and development caused by activation of hormone-induced anabolic processes and stimulation of mechanisms of immune protection. 相似文献
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Satish Kumar Rajasekhara Reddy Ravuri Padmaja Koneru BP Urade BN Sarkar A Chandrasekar VR Rao 《BMC evolutionary biology》2009,9(1):173-5