Effects of cyanide on the respiration of musk melon (Cucumis melo L.) roots

The characteristics of root respiration of melon were examinedwith an oxygen electrode. The Hofstee plot of root respirationbreaks into two straight lines. The results of cyanide inhibitionexperiments and curve-fitting analysis suggest that one cyanide-insensitiveand two cyanide-sensitive oxidases operate in melon roots. (Received December 24, 1976; )     

Time course of gene expression during Porphyromonas gingivalis strain ATCC 33277 biofilm formation

Chronological gene expression patterns of biofilm-forming cells are important to understand bioactivity and pathogenicity of biofilms. For Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 biofilm formation, the number of genes differentially regulated by more than 1.5-fold was highest during the growth stage (312/2,090 genes), and some pathogen-associated genes were time-dependently controlled.     

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression in CD4+ T cells is associated with a unique IL-10-producing subset that increases with age

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), produced by the Aicda gene, is essential for the immunoglobulin gene (Ig) alterations that form immune memory. Using a Cre-mediated genetic system, we unexpectedly found CD4(+) T cells that had expressed Aicda (exAID cells) as well as B cells. ExAID cells increased with age, reaching up to 25% of the CD4(+) and B220(+) cell populations. ExAID B cells remained IgM(+), suggesting that class-switched memory B cells do not accumulate in the spleen. In T cells, AID was expressed in a subset that produced IFN-γ and IL-10 but little IL-4 or IL-17, and showed no evidence of genetic mutation. Interestingly, the endogenous Aicda expression in T cells was enhanced in the absence of B cells, indicating that the process is independent from the germinal center reaction. These results suggest that in addition to its roles in B cells, AID may have previously unappreciated roles in T-cell function or tumorigenesis.