Evidence that the Echinococcus granulosus G6 genotype has an affinity for the brain in humans

The present study investigates the molecular characteristics of cerebral Echinococcus cysts. A total of 10 specimens of cerebral Echinococcus cysts, including six formalin-fixed paraffin blocks and four intact cerebral cysts, were used for this study. The target DNA was successfully amplified from eight samples and sequenced. BLAST analysis indicated that sequenced isolates belong to the Echinococcus granulosus (G6) genotype. All of the eight sampled brain cysts belonged to the G6 genotype, while all of the eight liver cysts belonged to G1. This is a strong indication that G6 has a higher affinity for the human brain than G1.     

Alteration of renal functional, oxidative stress and inflammatory indices following hepatic ischemia-reperfusion

Liver ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is a complex phenomenon that may cause local as well as remote organ injuries. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with many pro- and anti- inflammatory cytokines are implicated in the development of organ injury. The renal functional, histological, oxidative stress and inflammatory indices were studied during a short and a longer period of liver IR. Rats were subjected to either sham operation or 90 min partial liver ischemia followed by 4 or 24 h of reperfusion. Serum ALT, AST, ALK and LDH levels, BUN and creatinine, renal MDA level, SOD and catalase activities were evaluated as well as serum IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations along with renal histological evaluation. Ninety minutes liver ischemia /4 h reperfusion caused an increase in BUN and renal MDA levels and a decrease in SOD and catalase activities. It also caused an increase in serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels. 24 h liver reperfusion resulted in a reduction in BUN levels and lower oxidative damages demonstrated by a decrease in renal MDA levels and an increase in renal SOD and catalase activities comparing to 4 h reperfusion group. Evaluations indicated improvement in histology such as less cytoplasmic vacuolation and lower tubular debris. Serum inflammatory indices (IL-6 and IL-10 levels) were also reduced. This study showed that liver IR damage causes renal injury including functional, inflammatory and oxidative status changes. The remote kidney damage was then improved by continuing reperfusion from 4 to 24 h.     

Effect of Prepartum Supplementation of Selenium and Vitamin E on Serum Se, IgG Concentrations and Colostrum of Heifers and on Hematology, Passive Immunity and Se Status of Their Offspring

Forty heifers at the late stage of gestation were randomly assigned into five groups. Heifers were balanced for age, weight, and time of calving in each group. Four and 2?weeks before expected time of calving, the heifers were injected with 0?ml (C), 10?ml (T1), 20?ml (T2), 30?ml (T3), and 40?ml (T4) Se and VE supplements, respectively. Each milliliter of the supplement contained of 0.5?mg Se as sodium selenite and 50?IU of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate. Blood samples were collected from the heifers 4?weeks before expected calving and at calving day and from the calves at birth and 7?days of age. The serum Se and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations, white blood cell and differential leukocyte counts were measured. The Se concentrations in the sera of the heifers before the injections of Se and VE supplements were the same among the groups (P?>?0.05), but after calving were significantly increased in the treated heifers (P??0.05). The white blood cell counts were higher in calves of heifers in groups T3 and T4 compared with the control group at 7?days of age (P?相似文献   

Therapeutic Effect of Transplanted Human Wharton’s Jelly Stem Cell-Derived Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells (hWJ-MSC-derived OPCs) in an Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). A potential new therapeutic approach for MS is cell transplantation which may promote remyelination. We transplanted human Wharton’s jelly stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (hWJ-MSC-derived OPCs) into the brain ventricles of mice induced with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS. We studied the effect of the transplanted OPCs on the functional and pathological manifestations of the disease. Transplanted hWJ-MSC-derived OPCs significantly reduced the clinical signs of EAE. Histological examinations showed that remyelination was significantly increased after transplantation. These results suggest that hWJ-MSC-derived OPCs promote the regeneration of myelin sheaths in the brain.     

Effect of selenium and vitamin E supplementation during the late pregnancy on reproductive indices and milk production in heifers

A trial was performed to determine the effects of supplementation of selenium (Se) and vitamin E (VE) on reproductive indices and milk production in Holstein heifers. Sixty heifers at the late stage of gestation were randomly assigned into three groups. Heifers were balanced for age, weight and time of calving. Four and 2 weeks before expected calving the heifers were injected 0 ml (C), 20 ml (T1), and 40 ml (T2) Se and VE supplements. Each ml contained 0.5mg Se and 50 IU of D, L-alpha-tocopheryl acetate. Blood samples were collected from heifers 4 weeks before expected calving and at calving day. Se concentrations in serum and colostrums were measured. The reproductive parameters were recorded. The effects of Se and VE supplements on somatic cell count (SCC) and milk yield also were measured. Supplementation of Se increased the level of Se in serum of treated heifers at calving day (P<0.05). Se concentration of colostrums were affected by the treatments (P<0.05). Concerning reproductive performance of treated heifers; gestation length was similar among groups but in comparison with controls, T1 and T2 had no incidence of retained fetal membrane (i.e., beyond 12h.). In addition, open days were fewer in T1 and T2 heifers and the number of services per conception was fewer in T2 compared with controls (P>0.05). Daily milk production at 8 weeks lactation was significantly increased in T2 compared with controls (P<0.05). Likewise, the milk SCC decreased in treated heifers compared with controls (P<0.05).     

Etiopathogenesis of Psoriasis from Genetic Perspective: An updated Review

Psoriasis is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by the aberrant proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes, leading to skin lesions. Abnormal immune responses mediated by T cells and dendritic cells and increased production of inflammatory cytokines have been suggested as underlying mechanisms in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Emerging evidence suggests that there is a heritable basis for psoriatic disorders. Moreover, numerous gene variations have been associated with the disease risk, particularly those in innate and adaptive immune responses and antigen presentation pathways. Herein, this article discusses the genetic implications of psoriatic diseases'' etiopathogenesis to develop novel investigative and management options.     

Breast Tumor Targeting in Mice Bearing 4T1 Tumor with Labeled CXCR4 Antagonist Analogue

International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics - Chemokine receptor belongs to G-protein-coupled cell-surface receptors. CXCR4 as a chemokine receptor is over-expressed in many type of...