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Michelle van der Bank F. H. van der Bank B. -E. van Wyk 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》1999,219(1-2):27-38
We have tested the hypothesis that reseeding is a plesiomorphic character state and that sprouting is a derived state inAspalathus linearis, and that the latter is an adaptation to ensure fire-survival in a fireprone environment. Samples of five seeder and four sprouter populations of A.linearis were examined by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis to assess the amount of genetic differentiation within and between sprouting and seeding populations, and to determine the extent of gene flow between the populations. Leaf extracts were surveyed for ten enzymes and gene products revealed genetic variation at 13 (76%) of 17 protein coding loci. Allele frequency differences were found between sprouting and seeding populations and genetic distance values show that the sprouters are grouped separate from the seeders, thus providing support for the morphological data on which the above mentioned hypothesis is based. It is evident that evolution operates at the population level inA. linearis. 相似文献
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Rachael V. Gallagher Lesley Hughes Michelle R. Leishman Peter D. Wilson 《Biological invasions》2010,12(12):4049-4063
Potential interactions between climate change and exotic plant invasions may affect areas of high conservation value, such
as land set aside for the protection of endangered species or ecological communities. We investigated this issue in eastern
Australia using species distribution models for five exotic vines under climate regimes for 2020 and 2050. We examined how
projected changes in the distribution of climatically suitable habitat may coincide with the remaining remnants of an endangered
ecological community—littoral rainforests—in this region. The number of known infestations of each weed in tropical, subtropical
and temperate areas was used to assess the likelihood of further expansion into areas projected to provide suitable habitat
under future conditions. Littoral rainforest reserves were consistently predicted to provide bioclimatically suitable habitat
for the five vines examined under both current and future climate scenarios. We explore the consequences and potential strategies
for managing exotic plant invasions in these protected areas in the coming decades. 相似文献
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Calorimetric properties of mixtures of ganglioside GM1 and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
L O Sillerud D E Schafer R K Yu W H Konigsberg 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1979,254(21):10876-10880
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The HsdS and HsdM polypeptides of the type IC restriction enzyme EcoR124 have been purified independently and used in a set of gel retardation experiments to determine the minimum requirements for sequence-specific recognition of DNA by this enzyme. The HsdS polypeptide alone is able to bind to DNA in a sequence-specific manner. In addition, whilst the presence of the HsdM polypeptide gives rise to a stimulation of DNA binding by the HsdS subunit it is not clear whether, under the conditions of the experiments reported here, the HsdS subunit maintains the same interactions with the HsdM subunits observed in the absence of DNA. 相似文献
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Restriction sites containing CpG show a higher frequency of polymorphism in human DNA 总被引:122,自引:0,他引:122
Unique loci in the human genome were examined with restriction enzymes in order to detect restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Of 31 arbitrary loci, nine were detectably polymorphic, reflecting ten polymorphic restriction sites. Nine of the ten polymorphic sites were revealed with two restriction enzymes, Msp I and Taq I, whose recognition sequences have in common the dimer sequence CpG. The cytosines in the CpG sequence are known to be frequently methylated in mammals, and the occurrence of significant variation in Msp I and Taq I sites supports the view that methylated cytosine residues are hotspots for mutation in mammalian DNA. 相似文献
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Christina M. Giovas Michelle J. LeFebvre Scott M. Fitzpatrick 《Journal of Biogeography》2012,39(3):476-487
Aim This paper investigates the prehistoric introduction of five mammalian taxa to Carriacou (Lesser Antilles) and refines the known anthropogenic ranges for these fauna in the pre‐Columbian West Indies. The importance of such records for understanding the region’s historical biogeography and ecology is considered. Location Carriacou Island, Grenada (12°28′ N, 61°26′ W). Methods Zooarchaeological assemblages from Carriacou’s earliest documented prehistoric sites, Grand Bay and Sabazan, were analysed, and exotic taxa were identified and quantified. The timing of introductions was established based on multiple radiocarbon assays, including three new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) direct dates obtained on the bone of exotic taxa. Source species and location(s) are considered and compared with known prehistoric records for the Caribbean to synthesize anthropogenic distributions for the pre‐Columbian period. The contexts of the zooarchaeological remains are evaluated to better understand the nature and purpose of introductions. Results Zooarchaeological investigation on Carriacou reveals the occurrence of multiple mammal introductions from South American between c. ad 700 and ad 1400. This paper presents the first records for guinea pig (Cavia sp.), armadillo (Dasypus sp.), peccary (Tayassu/Pecari sp.), opossum (Didelphis sp.) and agouti (Dasyprocta sp.) from the island. Human‐mediated transport of these taxa is indicated by their absence from the record prior to human settlement of Carriacou. Several translocated species are either rare or entirely unknown for the region, and overall West Indian distributions are temporally and spatially discontinuous. Archaeological contexts indicate that mammalian introductions arose from human subsistence needs, but other social factors may have shaped the dispersal of these fauna. Main conclusions The taxonomic combination and richness of Carriacou’s introduced fauna are unusual within the region. Importantly, the new records significantly improve the known pre‐Columbian geographic range for peccary, guinea pig and armadillo. Integrated with regional records, these data augment our understanding of the Caribbean’s historical biogeography, and have the potential to improve our understanding of human mobility and anthropogenic environmental impacts in the West Indies prior to the arrival of Europeans. 相似文献
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