全文获取类型
收费全文 | 289篇 |
免费 | 42篇 |
专业分类
331篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 10篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 5篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 11篇 |
2015年 | 6篇 |
2014年 | 9篇 |
2013年 | 9篇 |
2012年 | 18篇 |
2011年 | 9篇 |
2010年 | 10篇 |
2009年 | 10篇 |
2008年 | 11篇 |
2007年 | 9篇 |
2006年 | 10篇 |
2005年 | 5篇 |
2004年 | 5篇 |
2003年 | 8篇 |
2002年 | 9篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 6篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有331条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Does Mother Nature really prefer rare species or are log‐left‐skewed SADs a sampling artefact? 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Brian J. McGill 《Ecology letters》2003,6(8):766-773
Intensively sampled species abundance distributions (SADs) show left‐skew on a log scale. That is, there are too many rare species to fit a lognormal distribution. I propose that this log‐left‐skew might be a sampling artefact. Monte Carlo simulations show that taking progressively larger samples from a log‐unskewed distribution (such as the lognormal) causes log‐skew to decrease asymptotically (move towards ?∞) until it reaches the level of the underlying distribution (zero in this case). In contrast, accumulating certain types of repeated small samples results in a log‐skew that becomes progressively more log‐left‐skewed to a level well beyond the underlying distribution. These repeated samples correspond to samples from the same site over many years or from many sites in 1 year. Data from empirical datasets show that log‐skew generally goes from positive (right‐skewed) to negative (left‐skewed) as the number of temporally or spatially replicated samples increases. This suggests caution when interpreting log‐left‐skew as a pattern that needs biological interpretation. 相似文献
2.
In vivo regulation of hepatic LDL receptor mRNA in the baboon. Differential effects of saturated and unsaturated fat 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The effects of diets enriched with cholesterol and different fats upon plasma lipoproteins and hepatic low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor mRNA levels were studied in a group of 18 normal baboons. Animals were fed diets containing 1% cholesterol and 25% fat as either coconut oil, peanut oil, or olive oil for a period of 20 weeks. Plasma total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, beta-lipoprotein (LDL + very low density lipoprotein) cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A-I were measured in samples obtained at 4-week intervals. All three diet groups demonstrated a statistically significant increase in plasma cholesterol as compared to base line throughout the experiment. Hepatic LDL receptor (LDL-R) mRNA levels were quantified by dot blot hybridization in serial liver biopsies. Animals fed saturated fat sustained a significant reduction in hepatic LDL-R mRNA as compared to those fed either monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fat. A strong negative correlation between LDL-R mRNA and plasma total cholesterol (r = -0.71), HDL cholesterol (r = -0.76), and plasma apo A-I (r = -0.77) was observed only in those animals fed coconut oil. Weak negative correlations between LDL-R mRNA and other plasma parameters did not achieve statistical significance. We conclude that saturated and unsaturated oils may influence plasma cholesterol levels in part through differential effects on LDL receptor biosynthesis in baboons. 相似文献
3.
Comparative 16S rRNA oligonucleotide analyses and murein types of round-spore-forming bacilli and non-spore-forming relatives 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
E Stackebrandt W Ludwig M Weizenegger S Dorn T J McGill G E Fox C R Woese W Schubert K H Schleifer 《Journal of general microbiology》1987,133(9):2523-2529
The phylogenetic incoherency of the genus Bacillus as presently described is demonstrated by analysis of both published and new data from comparative 16S rRNA cataloguing of nine Bacillus species and a number of related non-Bacillus taxa, i.e. Caryophanon latum, Filibacter limicola and Planococcus citreus. While the ellipsoidal-spore-forming bacilli, e.g. B. subtilis and allied species, formed a coherent cluster, the round-spore-forming bacilli showed a higher degree of relationship to the non-spore-forming organisms than these bacilli show among each other. Thus B. sphaericus clustered with C. latum, B. globisporus grouped with F. limicola, B. pasteurii with Sporosarcina ureae, and 'B. aminovorans' with P. citreus, respectively. These organisms formed two related subclusters which, in their phylogenetic depth, are comparable to that of the B. subtilis subline. With the exception of 'B. aminovorans', the 16S rRNA phylogeny was entirely consistent with the distribution of murein types. Even more distantly related to and grouping outside the main Bacillus cluster was B. stearothermophilus, which displayed a moderate relationship to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. Taxonomic problems arising from the new insights into the intrageneric relationships of Bacillus are discussed. 相似文献
4.
Permeabilization of the plasma membrane by deletion mutants of diphtheria toxin. 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
Diphtheria toxin B-fragment binds to cell-surface receptors and facilitates translocation of the enzymatically active A-fragment to the cytosol. In this process the B-fragment inserts into the plasma membrane and induces formation of cation-selective channels. We examined the ability of a number of diphtheria toxin-derived molecules translated in vitro to permeabilize cells. Two proteins consisting of the whole B-fragment and small parts of the A-fragment, and one protein comprising most of the B-fragment alone, were more efficient than full-length toxin in permeabilizing the plasma membrane to monovalent cations. Two shorter B-fragment-derived proteins, with 3 and 10 kd N-terminal deletions, permeabilized the cells to sulfate and sucrose in addition to monovalent cations. The relationship between channel formation and toxin translocation is discussed. 相似文献
5.
Membrane interactions of diphtheria toxin analyzed using in vitro synthesized mutants. 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
We have developed a system to study the interactions of diphtheria toxin with the cell surface using non-toxic mutant proteins synthesized in vitro. Proteins obtained by N-terminal deletions containing the whole B fragment bound strongly to cells. Deletions extending into the B fragment did not yield an autonomous binding domain. Loss of only the N-terminal 3 kd of the B fragment significantly impaired the ability to recognize the receptor. This, together with previous reports that the C-terminal end of the B fragment is required for binding, suggests that both ends of the B fragment are necessary for receptor recognition. Receptor bound diphtheria toxin undergoes a conformational change at pH less than 5.3 that results in translocation of the A fragment to the cytosol and the appearance of a B fragment-derived 25 kd polypeptide (P25) resistant to externally applied protease. Only the B fragment was required for generation of P25. N-terminal deletions of 130 amino acids or more resulted in proteins that gave rise to P25 at higher pH than full length toxin. Furthermore, a second protease-inaccessible polypeptide of 18 kd (P18) was observed. 相似文献
6.
Interactions between WHITE Genes Carried by a Large Transposing Element and the ZESTE Allele in DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
TE146, a large transposing element of Drosophila melanogaster, carries two copies of the white and roughest genes in tandem. In consequence, z1 w 11E4; TE146(Z)/+ flies have a zeste (lemon-yellow) eye color. However, one in 103 TE146 chromosomes mutates to a red-eyed form. The majority of these "spontaneous red" (SR) derivatives of TE146 have only one copy of the white gene and are, cytologically, two- to three-banded elements, rather than six-banded as their progenitor. The SR forms of TE146 are also unstable and give zeste-colored forms with a frequency of about one in 104. One such "spontaneous zeste" (SZ) derivative carries duplicated white genes as an inverted, rather than a tandem, repeat. The genetic instability of this inverted repeat form of TE146 is different from that of the original tandem repeat form. In particular, the inverted repeat form frequently produces derivatives with internal rearrangements of the TE and gives a much lower frequency of SR forms. In addition, two novel features of the interaction between w+ alleles in a zeste background have been found. First, copies of w + can become insensitive to suppression by zeste even when paired. Second, an inversion breakpoint may disrupt the pairing between two adjacent w+ alleles, necessary for their suppression by zeste, without physically separating them. 相似文献
7.
Biochemical evidence for multiple independent emetine resistance genes in Chinese hamster cells. 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
Hybridization-complementation studies indicated that mutations in multiple genes can render Chinese hamster cells resistant to the alkaloid translation inhibitor emetine. Two of the genes, emtA and emtB, recognized in Chinese hamster lung and ovary cell lines, respectively, are known to affect the ribosomes of the cells directly. Although mutations in a third gene, emtC, affect the translation apparatus of Chinese hamster peritoneal cells in vitro (Wasmuth et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 1:58-65, 1981), the molecular product of the emtC locus remains to be determined. To study the molecular basis for genetic complementation among emetine-resistant Chinese hamster cell mutants, we analyzed ribosomal proteins elaborated by complementing, emetine-sensitive hybrid clones (EmtB X EmtA and EmtB X EmtC) and by emetine-resistant clones that segregated from the hybrids. The electrophoretic forms of ribosomal protein S14 (the emtB gene product) elaborated by these clones indicated that the EmtA and EmtC phenotypes are independent of the emtB locus and that the emtA and emtC loci are not chromosomally linked to emtB. 相似文献
8.
A series of experiments investigated masculine response potential in normal BDF1 female mice and in females who had been injected with 100 μg of testosterone propionate on the day of birth. Sixty-five percent of BDF1 females mounted females in estrus; ovariectomy lowered this response potential while injections of TP in adulthood raised masculine RP in both ovariectomized and intact females. Neonatally androgenized females with or without TP in adulthood exhibited the full range of masculine responses including the ejaculatory reflex. Comparisons of elements of sexual behavior are made between neonatally androgenized females and normal males. 相似文献
9.
Metabolism of larger high density lipoproteins accumulating in some families of baboons fed a high cholesterol and high saturated fat diet 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R S Kushwaha D M Foster V N Murthy K D Carey H C McGill 《Journal of lipid research》1989,30(8):1147-1159
Progeny of certain baboon sires accumulate lipoproteins in high density lipoprotein-1 (HDL1) when challenged with a high cholesterol, high saturated fat diet. These studies were conducted to determine the apoprotein composition and metabolic fate of HDL1 in the plasma. HDL1 particles containing apoA-I with and without apoE were detected. The majority of particles, however, contained apoA-I without any detectable apoE. To determine the metabolic fate of HDL1 in plasma, HDL1 labeled with iodinated apoA-I from animals with high levels of HDL1 and iodinated apoA-I-labeled autologous HDL were coinjected into both high and low HDL1 animals. The data for the decay of radioactivity in HDL1 and HDL were analyzed by multicompartment modelling. The radioactivity from HDL1 was cleared from the plasma either via direct removal (9.1 +/- 4.7% in low and 21.7 +/- 8.3% in high HDL1 animals) or via its conversion to HDL. A large proportion of radioactivity from HDL1 was rapidly transferred to HDL directly or metabolized via an intermediate compartment. Most of the radioactivity from apoE-poor HDL1, however, was transferred to HDL. Both high and low HDL1 animals catabolized HDL1 and HDL similarly. Low HDL1 animals transferred HDL1 radioactivity to HDL much faster. No detectable radioactivity from HDL was transferred to HDL1. Thus, HDL1 that accumulates in high HDL1 animals is mainly a precursor for HDL. Our hypothesis is that this accumulation of HDL1 is due to the slower cholesteryl ester transfer from HDL to lower density lipoproteins, thus affecting reverse cholesterol transport in high HDL1 baboons. 相似文献
10.
The effect of phosphorus (P) concentration in barley seed on seedling growth has not been much investigated. Consequently,
two experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to determine the effect of P concentration in barley seed (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Empress) on the seedlings grown in sand-filled boxes receiving a culture solution without P. Seeds were selected
with three P concentrations: high-P (113.0 mmol P kg−1), medium-P (80.7 mmol P kg−1) and low-P (54.9 mmol P kg−1). At 21 days after sowing, the shoot and root yield or shoot height was the least with seedlings from low-P seed. In the
other experiment, high-P and low-P seeds were wetted with distilled water or with a solution of 25.8 cmol L−1 of NaH2PO4 for 24 h, and then grown for 31 days. Solution P had been imbibed by seeds whether low or high in native P, but only the
imbibed P held by low native P seed benefited seedling dry matter accumulation and shoot elongation. The lack of benefit from
seed-imbibed P on seedlings grown from high-P barley seed was associated with low recovery of the imbibed P in those seedlings. 相似文献