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1.
Calcium-activated DNA fragmentation in rat liver nuclei 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
D P Jones D J McConkey P Nicotera S Orrenius 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1989,264(11):6398-6403
Incubation of isolated rat liver nuclei with ATP, NAD+, and submicromolar Ca2+ concentrations resulted in extensive DNA hydrolysis. Half-maximal activity occurred with 200 nM Ca2+, and saturation of the process was observed with 1 microM Ca2+. ATP stimulated a calmodulin-dependent nuclear Ca2+ uptake system which apparently mediated endonuclease activation. Ca2+-activated DNA fragmentation was inhibited by the inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase, 3-aminobenzamide, and was associated with poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of nuclear protein. The characteristics of this endonuclease activity indicate that it may be responsible for the Ca2+-dependent fragmentation of DNA involved in programmed cell death (apoptosis) and in certain forms of chemically induced cell killing. 相似文献
2.
Relative apparent synapomorphy analysis (RASA). I: The statistical measurement of phylogenetic signal 总被引:10,自引:9,他引:1
We have developed a new approach to the measurement of phylogenetic signal
in character state matrices called relative apparent synapomorphy analysis
(RASA). RASA provides a deterministic, statistical measure of natural
cladistic hierarchy (phylogenetic signal) in character state matrices. The
method works by determining whether a measure of the rate of increase of
cladistic similarity among pairs of taxa as a function of phenetic
similarity is greater than a null equiprobable rate of increase. Our
investigation of the utility and limitations of RASA using simulated and
bacteriophage T7 data sets indicates that the method has numerous
advantages over existing measures of signal. A first advantage is
computational efficiency. A second advantage is that RASA employs known
methods of statistical inference, providing measurable sensitivity and
power. The performance of RASA is examined under various conditions of
branching evolution as the number of characters, character states per
character, and mutations per branch length are varied. RASA appears to
provide an unbiased and reliable measure of phylogenetic signal, and the
general approach promises to be useful in the development of new techniques
that should increase the rigor and reliability of phylogenetic estimates.
相似文献
3.
mtDNA diversity in rhesus monkeys reveals overestimates of divergence time and paraphyly with neighboring species 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Reconstructions of the human-African great ape phylogeny by using
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been subject to considerable debate. One
confounding factor may be the lack of data on intraspecific variation. To
test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of intraspecific mtDNA
diversity on the phylogenetic reconstruction of another Plio- Pleistocene
radiation of higher primates, the fascicularis group of macaque (Macaca)
monkey species. Fifteen endonucleases were used to identify 10 haplotypes
of 40-47 restriction sites in M. mulatta, which were compared with similar
data for the other members of this species group. Interpopulational,
intraspecific mtDNA diversity was large (0.5%- 4.5%), and estimates of
divergence time and branching order incorporating this variation were
substantially different from those based on single representatives of each
species. We conclude that intraspecific mtDNA diversity is substantial in
at least some primate species. Consequently, without prior information on
the extent of genetic diversity within a particular species, intraspecific
variation must be assessed and accounted for when reconstructing primate
phylogenies. Further, we question the reliability of hominoid mtDNA
phylogenies, based as they are on one or a few representatives of each
species, in an already depauperate superfamily of primates.
相似文献
4.
Comparison between penicillamine and sulphasalazine in rheumatoid arthritis: Leeds-Birmingham trial.
V C Neumann K A Grindulis S Hubball B McConkey V Wright 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1983,287(6399):1099-1102
Sulphasalazine was first formulated by Svartz in the early 1940s, specifically for use as a remission inducing drug in rheumatoid arthritis. After the publication of an unfavourable trial, however, the drug was restricted to patients with ulcerative colitis. In the late 1970s sulphasalazine was re-examined in rheumatoid arthritis and favourable results reported in "open" trials. A double blind controlled trial was therefore conducted comparing enteric coated sulphasalazine and D-penicillamine in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. A total of 63 patients were recruited in two centres; 31 were treated with sulphasalazine and 32 received penicillamine. After 16 weeks'' treatment both drugs had produced significant improvements in clinical score, pain score measured on a visual analogue scale, grip strength, Ritchie articular index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and serum C reactive protein concentration. Nausea was the major side effect in the sulphasalazine treated group. No potentially dangerous effects of sulphasalazine were encountered in contrast with those seen in the penicillamine group. The results suggest that sulphasalazine is an effective and safe drug capable of producing remissions in active rheumatoid arthritis. They also lend confidence to the use of preliminary "open" trials as a means of screening for remission inducing drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. 相似文献
5.
MARTIN CLÉMENT CAROLINE CHAMBERLAND JACQUELINE PÉRODIN RICHARD LEDUC GAÉTAN GUILLEMETTE EMANUEL ESCHER 《Journal of receptor and signal transduction research》2013,33(5-6):417-433
Several models of activation mechanisms were proposed for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), yet no direct methods exist for their elucidation. The availability of constitutively active mutants has given an opportunity to study active receptor conformations within acceptable limits using models such as the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1)1 receptor mutant N111G-hAT1 which displays an important constitutive activity. Recently, by using methionine proximity assay, we showed for the hAT1 receptor that TMD III, VI, and VII form the ligand-binding pocket of the C-terminal amino acid of an antagonistic AngII analogue. In the present contribution, we investigated whether the same residues would also constitute the ligand-binding contacts in constitutively activated mutant (CAM) receptors. For this purpose, the same Met mutagenesis strategy was carried out on the N111G double mutants. Analysis of 43 receptors mutants in the N111G-hAT1 series, photolabeled and CNBr digested, showed that there were only subtle structural changes between the wt-receptor and its constitutively active form. 相似文献
6.
Subribosomal particles and the transport of messenger RNA in HeLa cells 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
7.
Sura Ali Benjamin Jenkins Jiujun Cheng Briallen Lobb Xin Wei Suhelen Egan Trevor C. Charles Brendan J. McConkey John Austin Andrew C. Doxey 《Molecular microbiology》2020,114(6):979-990
S-layers are paracrystalline proteinaceous lattices that surround prokaryotic cells, forming a critical interface between the cells and their extracellular environment. Here, we report the discovery of a novel S-layer protein present in the Gram-negative marine organism, Pseudoalteromonas tunicata D2. An uncharacterized protein (EAR28894) was identified as the most abundant protein in planktonic cultures and biofilms. Bioinformatic methods predicted a beta-helical structure for EAR28894 similar to the Caulobacter S-layer protein, RsaA, despite sharing less than 20% sequence identity. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that purified EAR28894 protein assembled into paracrystalline sheets with a unique square lattice symmetry and a unit cell spacing of ~9.1 nm. An S-layer was found surrounding the outer membrane in wild-type cells and completely removed from cells in an EAR28894 deletion mutant. S-layer material also appeared to be “shed” from wild-type cells and was highly abundant in the extracellular matrix where it is associated with outer membrane vesicles and other matrix components. EAR28894 and its homologs form a new family of S-layer proteins that are widely distributed in Gammaproteobacteria including species of Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrio, and found exclusively in marine metagenomes. We propose the name Slr4 for this novel protein family. 相似文献
8.
Brian A. Chow Seth W. Donahue Michael R. Vaughan Brendan McConkey Mathilakath M. Vijayan 《PloS one》2013,8(6)
Hibernation is an adaptation to conserve energy in the face of extreme environmental conditions and low food availability that has risen in several animal phyla. This phenomenon is characterized by reduced metabolic rate (∼25% of the active basal metabolic rate in hibernating bears) and energy demand, while other physiological adjustments are far from clear. The profiling of the serum proteome of the American black bear (Ursus americanus) may reveal specific proteins that are differentially modulated by hibernation, and provide insight into the remarkable physiological adaptations that characterize ursid hibernation. In this study, we used differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE) analysis, liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, and subsequent MASCOT analysis of the mass spectra to identify candidate proteins that are differentially expressed during hibernation in captive black bears. Seventy serum proteins were identified as changing by ±1.5 fold or more, out of which 34 proteins increased expression during hibernation. The majority of identified proteins are involved in immune system processes. These included α2-macroglobulin, complement components C1s and C4, immunoglobulin μ and J chains, clusterin, haptoglobin, C4b binding protein, kininogen 1, α2-HS-glycoprotein, and apoplipoproteins A-I and A-IV. Differential expression of a subset of these proteins identified by proteomic analysis was also confirmed by immunodetection. We propose that the observed serum protein changes contribute to the maintenance of the hibernation phenotype and health, including increased capacities for bone maintenance and wound healing during hibernation in bears. 相似文献
9.
Objectives To explore whether the angiotensin T -converting enzyme (ACE) I/D (insertion/ deletion) polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility to high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) in the Han Chinese. Methods One hundred and forty-seven HAPE-p (HAPE patients) and 193 HAPE-r (HAPE resistants) were enrolled from the Yushu earthquake reconstruction workers in Qinghai province where the altitude is over 3 500 m above sea level. Blood samples were collected from each of the HAPE-p and HAPE-r groups. Information about physiological phenotypes was obtained via fieldwork investigation. The ACE-I/D polymorphism in HAPE-p and HAPE-r was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The SaO2 was significantly lower while HR was significantly higher in HAPE-p group than those in HAPE-r group. The genotype frequencies of ACE-I/D for II, ID, DD in HAPE-r and HAPE-p groups were 0.430, 0.446, 0.124 and 0.435, 0.469, 0.095, respectively, the allelic frequencies of I and D were 0.650, 0.350 and 0.670, 0.330, respectively. The OR of ID, DD and D alleles relative to II for HAPE was 0.961 (0.610-1.514), 1.322 (0.634-2.758) and 1.080 (0.783-1.489). There was no significant difference of the genotypic and the allelic frequencies in ACE-I/D polymorphism between HAPE-p and HAPE-r groups. Conclusions There is no relation between ACE-I/D polymorphism and HAPE in the Han Chinese. 相似文献
10.