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2.
The Effect of 2,3,6-Trichlorophenylacetic and 2,2-Dichloropropionic Acids on Nitrite Oxidation 下载免费PDF全文
The effects of two herbicides, 2,3,6-trichlorophenylacetic acid, sodium salt, and 2,2-dichloropropionic acid, sodium salt, on nitrite-oxidizing bacteria were studied by the soil perfusion technique. The time of application of 2,3,6-trichlorophenylacetic acid affected its toxicity to the nitrifier. When it was present in the environment as the nitrifier started growth, it was more toxic than if the organisms were allowed to nitrify actively before they were subjected to the herbicide.
The herbicide 2,2-dichloropropionic acid at rates up to 700 ppm had little effect on nitrite oxidation. The toxicity of 2,3,6-trichlorophenylacetic acid for Nitrobacter was reduced by 2,2-dichloropropionic acid irrespective of whether the cells came into contact with the agents before or during active oxidation. The mode of action for this phenomenon has not been determined.
相似文献3.
4.
The fusarium mycotoxin zearalenone was transformed in cell suspension cultures of Zea mays giving α- and β-zearalenol and the β-D-glu cos ides of zearalenone and α- and β-zearalenol. The structure of zearalenone-4-β-D-glucopyranoside was determined by liquid — chromatography-mass spectrometry and specific hydrolysis with β-glucosidase. α- and β-zearalenol and their glucosides were identified by co chromatography using tic and HPLC and glucosidase — treatment Up to 50% of the mycotoxin added was bound to a non extractable or “bound” residue fraction. After treating this residue by a sequential cell wall fractionation procedure, zearalenone was found to be bound mainly to starch, hemicellulose, and lignin fractions. 相似文献
5.
Gene transfer is a major factor in bacterial evolution 总被引:17,自引:3,他引:14
Lateral gene transfer in four strains of Salmonella enterica has been
assessed using genomic subtraction. Strain LT2 (subspecies I serovar
Typhimurium) chromosomal DNA was used as target and subtracted by three
subspecies I strains of serovars Typhimurium (S21), Muenchen (S71), Typhi
(M229), and a subspecies V strain (M321). Data from probing random cosmids
of LT2 DNA with preparations of the residual LT2 DNA after subtraction were
used to estimate the amounts of LT2 DNA not able to hybridize to strains
S21, S71, M229, and M321 to be in the range of 84-106, 191-355, 305-629,
and 778-1,286 kb, respectively. Several lines of evidence indicate that
most of this DNA is from genes not present in strain M321 and not from
genes that have diverged in sequence. The amounts correlate with the
divergence of the four strains as revealed by multilocus enzyme
electrophoresis and sequence variation of housekeeping genes. Sequence of
39 of the fragments from the M321 subtracted residual LT2 DNA revealed only
six inserts of known gene function with evidence of both gain and loss of
genes during the development of S. enterica clones. Sixteen of the 39
segments have 45% or lower G+C content, below the species average, but over
half are within the normal range for the species. We conclude that even
within a species, clones may differ by up to 20% of chromosomal DNA,
indicating a major role for lateral transfer, and that on the basis of G+C
content, a significant proportion of the DNA is from distantly related
species.
相似文献
6.
During the course of immunologic studies involving the gastrointestinal colonization of mice with Candida albicans, it became apparent that the animals were being exposed to large numbers of Aspergillus fumigatus spores which interfered with the C. albicans colonization. To determine the source of the A. fumigatus exposure and the extent of fungal contamination of the medical school vivarium and four satellite facilities, fungal analyses of feed, bedding, and air were undertaken. Initial samples from the air were collected with 3-h settle plates; air sampling following cleanup was done with an Anderson air sampler. The source of contamination in the mouse rooms was determined to be Beta Chip bedding, which came from the manufacturer highly contaminated. Beta Chip bedding (1 g) obtained from the manufacturer just prior to testing contained 10(4) CFU of A. fumigatus, 20 CFU of a zygomycete, and 10 CFU of a Penicillium sp. Coarse-grade Beta Chip had approximately one-half those levels of contamination. Pure Cob bedding was highly contaminated also, but with a Fusarium sp. and a Cladosporium sp. Untreated and heat-treated Sani-Chip as well as all other heat-treated preparations obtained from the manufacturer contained no detectable spores. Rodent chow direct from the manufacturer had no A. fumigatus, although it did contain 150 CFU of fungus per g, including 80 CFU of a Rhodotorula sp., 60 CFU of Cryptococcus uniguttulatus, and 1 CFU of a Penicillium sp.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
7.
N Casadevall C Lacombe O Muller S Gisselbrecht P Mayeux 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1991,266(24):16015-16020
In erythroleukemia cells infected with the polycythemia strain of the Friend virus complex, erythropoietin could be cross-linked mainly to a protein of 63 kDa when using disuccinimidyl suberate. In contrast, erythropoietin in other erythroleukemia cells cross-linked to two proteins of 85 and 100 kDa. When native erythropoietin receptor complexes were immunoprecipitated, the 63-kDa erythropoietin-cross-linked protein could be precipitated both by antibodies directed against the intracellular part of the cloned chain of the erythropoietin receptor and by antibodies directed against the envelope proteins of the Friend virus. However, after denaturation of the complexes, the 63-kDa protein was only precipitated by antibodies directed against the envelope proteins of the Friend virus. Enzymatic deglycosylation confirmed that erythropoietin was cross-linked with the envelope protein of the defective virus and bidimensional diagonal gel electrophoresis analyses showed that some of the erythropoietin cross-linked envelope proteins were dimerized by disulfide bonds. Thus, the main erythropoietin-receptor complex in the plasma membrane of these cells consisted of a molecule of the cloned chain of the erythropoietin receptor noncovalently associated with one or two disulfide-bonded molecule(s) of the envelope protein of the defective virus. Moreover, our results also showed that the viral envelope protein associated with the cloned chain of the erythropoietin receptor at a site distinct from the erythropoietin binding site. 相似文献
8.
Erythropoietin induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of its own receptor in human erythropoietin-responsive cells. 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
I Dusanter-Fourt N Casadevall C Lacombe O Muller C Billat S Fischer P Mayeux 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1992,267(15):10670-10675
Using the human erythropoietin-responsive hematopoietic cell line UT-7, we showed that erythropoietin (Epo) rapidly and specifically induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of its own receptor (M(r) 75,000) and increased the tyrosine phosphorylation of other proteins of M(r) 140,000, 120,000, 95,000, 60,000, 57,000, and 42,000. Neither granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin 3, interleukin 6, nor the kit ligand induced the phosphorylation of the M(r) 75,000 receptor protein, although these growth factors induced the phosphorylation of other proteins. Cross-linking experiments using 125I-Epo indicated that the UT-7 cells expressed three Epo receptor subunits, of M(r) 100,000, 85,000, and 75,000, among which only the M(r) 75,000 subunit was tyrosine-phosphorylated following activation with Epo. 相似文献
9.
Stephen R. Malone Herman S. Mayeux Hyrum B. Johnson H. Wayne Polley 《American journal of botany》1993,80(12):1413-1418
Stomatal density, stomatal aperture length, area/leaf, and number of stomata/leaf were measured after the annual C3 agronomic grasses oats (Avena sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum), the C, woody legume honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa), and the perennial C4 grass little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) were grown across a subambient carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) gradient from near 200 to 350 μmol/mol in a growth chamber. The purpose was to determine if the size and density of stomata vary in response to atmospheric [CO2] during growth, across a subambient [CO2] range representative of the doubling that has occurred since the last ice age. Changes in stomatal density and aperture length with increasing [CO2] were small when detected. Stomatal density decreased on adaxial flag leaf surfaces of wheat, and aperture length increased slightly with [CO2], Leaf area and number of stomata/flag leaf increased by similar proportions with [CO2] in two wheat cultivars. No consistent relationship between [CO2] and stomatal density or size was detected in mesquite, oats, or little bluestem. We conclude that individual plants of these species lack the plasticity to significantly alter stomatal density and aperture length in response to increasing atmospheric [CO2] in a single generation (annuals) or growing season (perennials). 相似文献
10.
Vincent Fraisier Amal Kasri Stéphanie Miserey-Lenkei Jean-Baptiste Sibarita Deepak Nair Adeline Mayeux Sabine Bardin Yusuke Toyoda Ina Poser Andrei Poznyakovskiy Bruno Goud Anthony A. Hyman Ariane Dimitrov 《PloS one》2013,8(12)
The Golgi apparatus is an intracellular compartment necessary for post-translational modification, sorting and transport of proteins. It plays a key role in mitotic entry through the Golgi mitotic checkpoint. In order to identify new proteins involved in the Golgi mitotic checkpoint, we combine the results of a knockdown screen for mitotic phenotypes and a localization screen. Using this approach, we identify a new Golgi protein C11ORF24 (NP_071733.1). We show that C11ORF24 has a signal peptide at the N-terminus and a transmembrane domain in the C-terminal region. C11ORF24 is localized on the Golgi apparatus and on the trans-Golgi network. A large part of the protein is present in the lumen of the Golgi apparatus whereas only a short tail extends into the cytosol. This cytosolic tail is well conserved in evolution. By FRAP experiments we show that the dynamics of C11ORF24 in the Golgi membrane are coherent with the presence of a transmembrane domain in the protein. C11ORF24 is not only present on the Golgi apparatus but also cycles to the plasma membrane via endosomes in a pH sensitive manner. Moreover, via video-microscopy studies we show that C11ORF24 is found on transport intermediates and is colocalized with the small GTPase RAB6, a GTPase involved in anterograde transport from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. Knocking down C11ORF24 does not lead to a mitotic phenotype or an intracellular transport defect in our hands. All together, these data suggest that C11ORF24 is present on the Golgi apparatus, transported to the plasma membrane and cycles back through the endosomes by way of RAB6 positive carriers. 相似文献