排序方式: 共有74条查询结果,搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
Tejiokem MC Faye A Penda IC Guemkam G Ateba Ndongo F Chewa G Rekacewicz C Rousset D Kfutwah A Boisier P Warszawski J;ARNS -PEDIACAM study group 《PloS one》2011,6(7):e21840
Background
Early infant diagnosis (EID) of HIV is a key-point for the implementation of early HAART, associated with lower mortality in HIV-infected infants. We evaluated the EID process of HIV according to national recommendations, in urban areas of Cameroon.Methods/Findings
The ANRS12140-Pediacam study is a multisite cohort in which infants born to HIV-infected mothers were included before the 8th day of life and followed. Collection of samples for HIV DNA/RNA-PCR was planned at 6 weeks together with routine vaccination. The HIV test result was expected to be available at 10 weeks. A positive or indeterminate test result was confirmed by a second test on a different sample. Systematic HAART was offered to HIV-infected infants identified. The EID process was considered complete if infants were tested and HIV results provided to mothers/family before 7 months of age. During 2007–2009, 1587 mother-infant pairs were included in three referral hospitals; most infants (n = 1423, 89.7%) were tested for HIV, at a median age of 1.5 months (IQR, 1.4–1.6). Among them, 51 (3.6%) were HIV-infected. Overall, 1331 (83.9%) completed the process by returning for the result before 7 months (median age: 2.5 months (IQR, 2.4–3.0)). Incomplete process, that is test not performed, or result of test not provided or provided late to the family, was independently associated with late HIV diagnosis during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.8, 95%CI: 1.1 to 2.9, p = 0.01), absence of PMTCT prophylaxis (aOR = 2.4, 95%CI: 1.4 to 4.3, p = 0.002), and emergency caesarean section (aOR = 2.5, 95%CI: 1.5 to 4.3, p = 0.001).Conclusions
In urban areas of Cameroon, HIV-infected women diagnosed sufficiently early during pregnancy opt to benefit from EID whatever their socio-economic, marital or disclosure status. Reduction of non optimal diagnosis process should focus on women with late HIV diagnosis during pregnancy especially if they did not receive any PMTCT, or if complications occurred at delivery. 相似文献2.
Mutations in the genes that encode Fas or Fas ligand (FasL) can result in poor restraints on lymphocyte activation and in increased susceptibility to autoimmune disorders. Because these mutations portend a continuously activated immune state, we hypothesized that they might in some cases confer resistance to infection. To examine this possibility, the immune response to, morbidity caused by, and clearance of vaccinia virus (VACV) Western Reserve was examined in 5- to 7-week-old Fas mutant (lpr) mice, before an overt lymphoproliferative disorder was observable. On day 6 after VACV infection, C57BL/6-lpr (B6-lpr) mice had decreased morbidity, decreased viral titers, and an increased percentage and number of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. As early as day 2 after infection, B6-lpr mice had decreased liver and spleen viral titers and increased numbers of and increased gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production by several different effector cell populations. Depletion of individual effector cell subsets did not inhibit the resistance of B6-lpr mice. Uninfected B6-lpr mice also had increased numbers of NK cells, γδ(+) T cells, and CD44(+) CD4(+) and CD44(+) CD8(+) T cells compared to uninfected B6 mice. Antibody to IFN-γ resulted in increased virus load in both B6 and B6-lpr mice and eliminated the differences in viral titers between them. These results suggest that IFN-γ produced by multiple activated leukocyte populations in Fas-deficient hosts enhances resistance to some viral infections. 相似文献
3.
Major infestations of the flat mite species Raoiella indica Hirst affecting bananas, palms and other ornamental plants have been reported from the Caribbean islands, Mexico, FL (USA), Venezuela, Colombia and Brazil. Specimens from these localities were examined using traditional light microscopy and low-temperature scanning electron microscopy techniques. While little is known about the biology of this mite, its recent appearance in the Americas in both commercial coconut and banana plantations has raised concerns about its economic impact as an invasive pest. 相似文献
4.
Jamonneau V Ilboudo H Kaboré J Kaba D Koffi M Solano P Garcia A Courtin D Laveissière C Lingue K Büscher P Bucheton B 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2012,6(6):e1691
The final outcome of infection by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, the main agent of sleeping sickness, has always been considered as invariably fatal. While scarce and old reports have mentioned cases of self-cure in untreated patients, these studies suffered from the lack of accurate diagnostic tools available at that time. Here, using the most specific and sensitive tools available to date, we report on a long-term follow-up (15 years) of a cohort of 50 human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) patients from the Ivory Coast among whom 11 refused treatment after their initial diagnosis. In 10 out of 11 subjects who continued to refuse treatment despite repeated visits, parasite clearance was observed using both microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Most of these subjects (7/10) also displayed decreasing serological responses, becoming progressively negative to trypanosome variable antigens (LiTat 1.3, 1.5 and 1.6). Hence, in addition to the "classic" lethal outcome of HAT, we show that alternative natural progressions of HAT may occur: progression to an apparently aparasitaemic and asymptomatic infection associated with strong long-lasting serological responses and progression to an apparently spontaneous resolution of infection (with negative results in parasitological tests and PCR) associated with a progressive drop in antibody titres as observed in treated cases. While this study does not precisely estimate the frequency of the alternative courses for this infection, it is noteworthy that in the field national control programs encounter a significant proportion of subjects displaying positive serologic test results but negative results in parasitological testing. These findings demonstrate that a number of these subjects display such infection courses. From our point of view, recognising that trypanotolerance exists in humans, as is now widely accepted for animals, is a major step forward for future research in the field of HAT. 相似文献
5.
Jean-Charles Mathurin Valrie Herrou Emmanuel Bourgogne Laurent Pascaud Jacques de Ceaurriz 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》2001,759(2):471
Determination of whether the major metabolite of nandrolone in urine, 19-norandrosterone (19-NA), is exogenous or endogenous in origin is one of the most exciting challenges for antidoping laboratories. Gas chromatography–combustion–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC–C–IRMS) can be used to differentiate these two origins by carbon isotopic ratio analysis. A complete method for purification of 19-NA in urine has been established. Acetylated ketosteroids, and in particular 19-NA, are isolated from the urine matrix before analysis after hydrolysis and purification of urine by reversed-phase and normal solid-phase extraction. The limit of detection for 19-NA was about 60 ng with recoveries of 54–60%. Evidence of exogenous administration of 19-NA may be established from isotope ratio determination from the 13C/12C ratios of several synthetic 19-norsteroids compared to those obtained for endogenous steroids. 相似文献
6.
Holzmuller P Biron DG Courtois P Koffi M Bras-Gonçalves R Daulouède S Solano P Cuny G Vincendeau P Jamonneau V 《Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur》2008,10(1):79-86
Human African trypanosomiasis is characterised by an important clinical diversity. Although Trypanosoma brucei gambiense field stocks isolated from patients in the same focus did not exhibit apparent genetic variability, they showed marked differences in terms of virulence (capacity to multiply inside a host) and pathogenicity (ability of producing mortality) in experimental murine infections. Two strains exhibiting opposite pathogenic and virulence properties in mouse were further investigated through their host-parasite interactions. In vitro, parasite bloodstream forms or soluble factors (or secretome) from both strains induced macrophage arginase as a function of their virulence. Arginase expression, a hallmark of macrophage alternative activation pathway, favours trypanosome bloodstream forms development. Moreover, a comparative proteomic study of the trypanosome stocks' secretomes evidenced both a differential expression of common molecules and the existence of stock specific molecules. This highlighted the potential involvement of the differential expression of the same genome in the diverse infectious properties of trypanosomes. 相似文献
7.
8.
Lukoye Atwoli Abdullah H. Baqui Thomas Benfield Raffaella Bosurgi Fiona Godlee Stephen Hancocks Richard Horton Laurie Laybourn-Langton Carlos Augusto Monteiro Ian Norman Kirsten Patrick Nigel Praities Marcel G.M. Olde Rikkert Eric J. Rubin Peush Sahni Richard Smith Nick Talley Sue Turale Damin Vzquez 《CMAJ》2021,193(35):E1395
9.
Mathurin K Gallant MA Germain P Allard-Chamard H Brisson J Iorio-Morin C de Brum Fernandes A Caron MG Laporte SA Parent JL 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2011,286(4):2696-2706
L-type prostaglandin synthase (L-PGDS) produces PGD(2), a lipid mediator involved in neuromodulation and inflammation. Here, we show that L-PGDS and arrestin-3 (Arr3) interact directly and can be co-immunoprecipitated endogenously from MG-63 osteoblasts. Perinuclear L-PGDS/Arr3 co-localization is observed in PGD(2)-producing MG-63 cells and is induced by the addition of the L-PGDS substrate or co-expression of COX-2 in HEK293 cells. Inhibition of L-PGDS activity in MG-63 cells triggers redistribution of Arr3 and L-PGDS to the cytoplasm. Perinuclear localization of L-PGDS is detected in wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) but is more diffused in MEFs-arr-2(-/-)-arr-3(-/-). Arrestin-3 promotes PGD(2) production by L-PGDS in vitro. IL-1β-induced PGD(2) production is significantly lower in MEFs-arr-2(-/-)-arr-3(-/-) than in wild-type MEFs but can be rescued by expressing Arr2 or Arr3. A peptide corresponding to amino acids 86-100 of arrestin-3 derived from its L-PGDS binding domain stimulates L-PGDS-mediated PGD(2) production in vitro and in MG-63 cells. We report the first characterization of an interactor/modulator of a PGD(2) synthase and the identification of a new function for arrestin, which may open new opportunities for improving therapies for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. 相似文献
10.
Casimir Ledoux Sofeu Josiane Warszawski Francis Ateba Ndongo Ida Calixte Penda Suzie Tetang Ndiang Georgette Guemkam Nicaise Makwet Félicité Owona Anfumbom Kfutwah Patrice Tchendjou Ga?tan Texier Maurice Tchuente Albert Faye Mathurin Cyrille Tejiokem The ANRS-PEDIACAM study group 《PloS one》2014,9(4)