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KB Cullberg T Christiansen SK Paulsen JM Bruun SB Pedersen B Richelsen 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2013,21(3):454-460
Background:
Vascular growth is a prerequisite for adipose tissue (AT) development and expansion. Some AT cytokines and hormones have effects on vascular development, like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF‐A), angiopoietin (ANG‐1), ANG‐2 and angiopoietin‐like protein‐4 (ANGPTL‐4).Methods:
In this study, the independent and combined effects of diet‐induced weight loss and exercise on AT gene expression and proteins levels of those angiogenic factors were investigated. Seventy‐nine obese males and females were randomized to: 1. Exercise‐only (EXO; 12‐weeks exercise without diet‐restriction), 2. Hypocaloric diet (DIO; 8‐weeks very low energy diet (VLED) + 4‐weeks weight maintenance diet) and 3. Hypocaloric diet and exercise (DEX; 8‐weeks VLED + 4‐weeks weight maintenance diet combined with exercise throughout the 12 weeks). Blood samples and fat biopsies were taken before and after the intervention.Results:
Weight loss was 3.5 kg in the EXO group and 12.3 kg in the DIO and DEX groups. VEGF‐A protein was non‐significantly reduced in the weight loss groups. ANG‐1 protein levels were significantly reduced 22‐25% after all three interventions (P < 0.01). The ANG‐1/ANG‐2 ratio was also decreased in all three groups (P < 0.05) by 27‐38%. ANGPTL‐4 was increased in the EXO group (15%, P < 0.05) and 9% (P < 0.05) in the DIO group. VEGF‐A, ANG‐1, and ANGPTL‐4 were all expressed in human AT, but only ANGPTL‐4 was influenced by the interventions.Conclusions:
Our data show that serum VEGF‐A, ANG‐1, ANG‐2, and ANGPTL‐4 levels are influenced by weight changes, indicating the involvement of these factors in the obese state. Moreover, it was found that weight loss generally was associated with a reduced angiogenic activity in the circulation. 相似文献3.
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Massirer KB Pasquinelli AE 《BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology》2006,28(5):449-452
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute an abundant family of 22-nucleotide RNAs that base-pair to target mRNAs and typically inhibit their expression. To assess the global impact of animal miRNAs on gene regulation, the expression of predicted targets and their cognate miRNAs was extensively analyzed in mammals and Drosophila. In general, targets are co-expressed at relatively low or undetectable levels in the same tissues as the miRNAs predicted to regulate them. Additionally, genes that are highly co-expressed with miRNAs usually lack target sites. The authors conclude that many animal genes are under evolutionary pressure to maintain or avoid complementary sites to miRNAs. Thus, the miRNA pathway broadly contributes to the complex gene regulatory networks that shape animal tissue development and identity. 相似文献
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KB Gudmundsdóttir S Sigurdarson J Kristinsson T Eiríksson T Jóhannesson 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2006,48(1):16-5
This study was undertaken in order to examine whether any connection existed between the amounts of iron in forage and the
sporadic occurrence of scrapie observed in certain parts of Iceland. As iron and manganese are considered antagonistic in
plants, calculation of the Fe/Mn ratios was also included by using results from Mn determination earlier performed in the
same samples. Forage samples (n = 170) from the summer harvests of 2001–2003, were collected from 47 farms for iron and manganese
analysis. The farms were divided into four categories: 1. Scrapie-free farms in scrapie-free areas (n = 9); 2. Scrapie-free farms in scrapie-afflicted areas (n = 17); 3. Scrapie-prone farms (earlier scrapie-afflicted, restocked farms) (n = 12); 4. Scrapie-afflicted farms (n = 9). Farms in categories 1 and 2 are collectively referred to as scrapie-free farms. The mean iron concentration in forage samples from scrapie-afflicted farms was significantly higher than in forage samples
from farms in the other scrapie categories (P = 0.001). The mean Fe/Mn ratio in forage from scrapie-afflicted farms was significantly
higher than in forage from scrapie-free and scrapie-prone farms (P < 0.001). The results indicated relative dominance of iron
over manganese in forage from scrapie-afflicted farms as compared to farms in the other categories. Thus thorough knowledge
of iron, along with manganese, in soil and vegetation on sheep farms could be a pivot in studies on sporadic scrapie. 相似文献
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Scanning electron microscopy and gramicidin patch clamp recordings of microvillous receptor neurons dissociated from the rat vomeronasal organ 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Vomeronasal organs from female rats were dissociated and isolated
microvillous receptor neurons were studied. The isolated receptor neurons
kept the typical bipolar shape which they have in situ as observed by
scanning electron microscopy. We applied the perforated patch-clamp
technique using the cation-selective ionophore gramicidin on freshly
isolated and well differentiated receptor neurons. The mean resting
potential was -58+/-14 mV (n=39). The contribution of the sodium pump
current to the resting potential was demonstrated by lowering the K+
concentration in the bath or by application of 100 microM dihydro-ouabain.
The input resistance was in the range of 1-6 GOmega and depolarizing
current pulses of a few pA were sufficient to trigger overshooting action
potentials. In voltage clamp conditions a fast transient sodium inward
current and a sustained outward potassium current were activated by
membrane depolarization. These observations indicate that freshly isolated
vomeronasal receptor neurons of rats can be recorded, using gramicidin,
with little modification of the intracellular content. Their
electrophysiological properties are very similar to those observed in situ.
Four out of eight female vomeronasal receptor cells were depolarized by
diluted rat male urine.
相似文献
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Regulation by let-7 and lin-4 miRNAs results in target mRNA degradation 总被引:47,自引:0,他引:47
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are approximately 22 nucleotide RNAs that negatively regulate the expression of protein-coding genes. In a present model of miRNA function in animals, miRNAs that form imperfect duplexes with their targets inhibit protein expression without affecting mRNA levels. Here, we report that in C. elegans, regulation by the let-7 miRNA results in degradation of its lin-41 target mRNA, despite the fact that its 3'UTR regulatory sequences can only partially base-pair with the miRNA. Furthermore, lin-14 and lin-28 are targets of the lin-4 miRNA, and we show that the mRNA levels for these protein-coding genes significantly decrease in response to lin-4 expression. This study reveals that mRNAs containing partial miRNA complementary sites can be targeted for degradation in vivo, raising the possibility that regulation at the level of mRNA stability may be more common than previously appreciated for the miRNA pathway. 相似文献
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Patrick Royston Friederike M-S Barthel Mahesh KB Parmar Babak Choodari-Oskooei Valerie Isham 《Trials》2011,12(1):1-18