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1.
Yutaro Yamagata Yukiko Muramoto Sho Miyamoto Keiko Shindo Masahiro Nakano Takeshi Noda 《Microbiology and immunology》2019,63(5):164-171
Defective interfering (DI) influenza viruses carry a large deletion in a gene segment that interferes with the replication of infectious virus; thus, such viruses have potential for antiviral therapy. However, because DI viruses cannot replicate autonomously without the aid of an infectious helper virus, clonal DI virus stocks that are not contaminated with helper virus have not yet been generated. To overcome this problem, we used reverse genetics to generate a clonal DI virus with a PB2 DI gene, amplified the clonal DI virus using a cell line stably expressing the PB2 protein, and confirmed its ability to interfere with infectious virus replication in vitro. Thus, our approach is suitable for obtaining purely clonal DI viruses, will contribute to the understanding of DI virus interference mechanisms and can be used to develop DI virus‐based antivirals. 相似文献
2.
Changes in Targeting Efficiencies of Proteins to Plant Microbodies Caused by Amino Acid Substitutions in the Carboxy-terminal Tripeptide 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Hayashi Makoto; Aoki Masahiro; Kondo Maki; Nishimura Mikio 《Plant & cell physiology》1997,38(6):759-768
It has been demonstrated that the carboxyl terminus of microbodyenzymes functions as a targeting signal to microbodies in higherplants. We have examined an ability of 24 carboxy-terminal aminoacid sequences to facilitate the transport of a cytosolic passengerprotein, ß-glucuroni-dase, into microbodies in greencotyledonary cells of trans-genic Arabidopsis. Immunoelectronmicroscopic analysis revealed that carboxy-terminal tripeptidesequences of the form [C/A/S/P]-[K/R]-[I/L/M] function as amicrobody-targeting signal, although tripeptides with prolineat the first amino acid position and isoleucine at the carboxylterminus show weak targeting efficiencies. All known micro-bodyenzymes that are synthesized in a form similar in size to themature molecule, except catalase, contain one of these tripeptidesequences at their carboxyl terminus. (Received April 14, 1997; Accepted April 8, 1997) 相似文献
3.
The oxygen cost of transport per unit distance (CoT; mL·kg-1·km-1) shows a U-shaped curve as a function of walking speed (v), which includes a particular walking speed minimizing the CoT, so called economical speed (ES). The CoT-v relationship in running is approximately linear. These distinctive walking and running CoT-v relationships give an intersection between U-shaped and linear CoT relationships, termed the energetically optimal transition speed (EOTS). This study investigated the effects of subtracting the standing oxygen cost for calculating the CoT and its relevant effects on the ES and EOTS at the level and gradient slopes (±5%) in eleven male trained athletes. The percent effects of subtracting the standing oxygen cost (4.8 ± 0.4 mL·kg-1·min-1) on the CoT were significantly greater as the walking speed was slower, but it was not significant at faster running speeds over 9.4 km·h-1. The percent effect was significantly dependent on the gradient (downhill > level > uphill, P < 0.001). The net ES (level 4.09 ± 0.31, uphill 4.22 ± 0.37, and downhill 4.16 ± 0.44 km·h-1) was approximately 20% slower than the gross ES (level 5.15 ± 0.18, uphill 5.27 ± 0.20, and downhill 5.37 ± 0.22 km·h-1, P < 0.001). Both net and gross ES were not significantly dependent on the gradient. In contrast, the gross EOTS was slower than the net EOTS at the level (7.49 ± 0.32 vs. 7.63 ± 0.36 km·h-1, P = 0.003) and downhill gradients (7.78 ± 0.33 vs. 8.01 ± 0.41 km·h-1, P < 0.001), but not at the uphill gradient (7.55 ± 0.37 vs. 7.63 ± 0.51 km·h-1, P = 0.080). Note that those percent differences were less than 2.9%. Given these results, a subtraction of the standing oxygen cost should be carefully considered depending on the purpose of each study. 相似文献
4.
Ogawa Masahiro; Kumamaru Toshihiro; Satoh Hikaru; Iwata Nobuo; Omura Takeshi; Kasai Zenzaburo; Tanaka Kunisuke 《Plant & cell physiology》1987,28(8):1517-1527
Protein body type one (PB-I) was isolated and purified fromdeveloping rice grain by a combination of sucrose density gradientcentrifugation and treatment with pepsin. SDS-PAGE analysisshowed that isolated PB-I contains several polypeptide groups,the largest having an apparent molecular size of 13 kDa andtwo smaller ones of 10 kDa and 16 kDa. The 13-kDa group wasfound to be composed of two polypeptides of slightly differentmolecular sizes, 13a (larger component) and 13b (smaller component).Most of the 13a and 13b polypeptides were shown to be largelyprolamins, although there were also some salt- and alcohol-insolublepolypeptides with an apparent molecular size of 13 kDa. It wasconcluded that PB-I is the accumulation site of rice prolamin.It was further estimated that the protein amount in PB-I accountedfor about 20% of the total protein of rice endosperm. (Received March 20, 1987; Accepted September 8, 1987) 相似文献
5.
Measurement of Serine Acetyltransferase Activity in Crude Plant Extracts by a Coupled Assay System Using Cysteine Synthase 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Nakamura Katsuhito; Hayama Atsushi; Masada Masahiro; Fukushima Kazuo; Tamura Goro 《Plant & cell physiology》1987,28(5):885-891
Serine acetyltransferase (SATase) (EC 2.3.1.30
[EC]
) catalyzes theformation of Oacetyl-L-serine (OAS) from L-serine in the presenceof acetyl-CoA. A novel assay method was developed for measuringthis enzyme activity in extracts from plant tissues. The assayconsists of a coupled system in which the OAS formed is convertedto cysteine by the addition of cysteine synthase (CSase) (EC4.2.99.8
[EC]
). Cysteine thus formed is determined colorimetricallyand serves as a measure for SATase activity. This method israpid, simple and sensitive, and can be readily adapted formeasurement of SATase activity in crude tissue extracts or homogenates. (Received January 14, 1987; Accepted April 27, 1987) 相似文献
6.
Molecular oxygen controls nitrate transport of Escherichia coli nitrate-respiring cells 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Escherichia coli cells grown anaerobically in the presence of nitrate reduce the nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor in place of molecular oxygen by an induced respiratory-type electron transferring system residing in the inner membrane structure. When oxygen is introduced to a suspension of nitrate-respiring cells, the oxygen is immediately reduced preferentially and the cellular uptake of nitrate ceases abruptly. In contrast, we found that the cells exhibited no oxygen control on uptake of chlorate, a competitive substrate analogue, indicating operation of an oxygen-sensitive transport system specific to nitrate. This was further evidenced by the fact that chlorate inhibition of reduction of nitrate was brought about only when the transport of both chlorate and nitrate was facilitated by the aid of carrier-type chlorate (or nitrate) ionophore. We demonstrated that oxygen inhibition on reduction of nitrate was abolished within the cells treated by octyl glucoside resulting in a removal of permeability barrier specific to nitrate. We conclude that the transient control by molecular oxygen is primarily due to the inhibition of nitrate transport into the cytoplasmic side. Since nitrate induces the nitrate-respiring system, the repression of the nitrate reductase operon by molecular oxygen is consistently interpreted on the basis of the "inducer exclusion mechanism." 相似文献
7.
Tsunenori Nozawa Jeffrey T. Trost Taisei Fukada Masahiro Hatano James D. McManus Robert E. Blankenship 《BBA》1987,894(3):468-476
Reaction centers were purified from the thermophilic purple sulfur photosynthetic bacterium Chromatium tepidum. The reaction center consists of four polypeptides L, M, H and C, whose apparent molecular masses were determined to be 25, 30, 34 and 44 kDa, respectively, by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The heaviest peptide corresponds to tightly bound cytochrome. The tightly bound cytochrome c contains two types of heme, high-potential c-556 and low-potential c-553. The low-potential heme is able to be photooxidized at 77 K. The reaction center exhibits laser-flash-induced absorption changes and circular dichroism spectra similar to those observed in other purple photosynthetic bacteria. Whole cells contain both ubiquinone and menaquinone. Reaction centers contain only a single active quinone; chemical analysis showed this to be menaquinone. Reaction center complexes without the tightly bound cytochrome were also prepared. The near-infrared pigment absorption bands are red-shifted in reaction centers with cytochrome compared to those without cytochrome. 相似文献
8.
Spin label study of erythrocyte deformability. Ca2+-induced loss of deformability and the effects of stomatocytogenic reagents on the deformability loss in human erythrocytes in shear flow 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
The Ca2+-induced loss of deformability in human erythrocytes and the recovery of the lost deformability by stomatocytogenic reagents were investigated by means of a new flow electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin label method, which provides information on deformation and orientation characteristics of spin labeled erythrocytes in shear flow. The Ca2+-induced loss of deformability is attributed mainly to the increase in intracellular viscosity resulting from efflux of intracellular potassium ions and water (Gardos effect). Partial recovery of the lost deformability is demonstrated in the presence of stomatocytogenic reagents, such as chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine, W-7, and calmidazolium (R24571). The recovery can not be explained solely by suppression of the Gardos effect due to the reagents. Incorporation of an optimal amount of the reagents into the membrane appears to compensate for the membrane modification due to Ca2+ ions to restore a part of the lost deformability. 相似文献
9.
The paratypes of Trebius akajeii Shiino, 1954, originally collected from Dasyatis akajei (Müller & Henle) at Owase, Japan, and the paratypes and newly collected specimens of T. latifurcatus Wilson, 1921, previously collected from Urolophus and Myliobatis at Venice, California, are redescribed. New host records for T. latifurcatus are: Torpedo californica Ayres, Squatina californica Ayres, Rhinobatos productus (Ayres), Platyrhinoides triseriata (Jordan & Gilbert), Raja inornata (Jordan & Gilbert) and Gymnura marmorata (Cooper). A new species, Trebius heterodonti, is described from the horn shark Heterodontus francisci (Girard) collected from southern California waters. These three species of Trebius are apparently closely related to each other. Diagnostic characters of the species are provided along with a discussion on the taxonomic value of selected features. 相似文献
10.