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排序方式: 共有170条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Background
A previous study using an intercross between the inbred rat strains Lewis (LEW) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) identified a locus on chromosome 4, named Anxrr16, influencing an experimental index of anxiety and showing a transgressive effect, with alleles from the LEW strain (more anxious) decreasing rather than increasing anxiety.Objective
To confirm the location and isolate the effect of a rat genome region named Anxrr16 through a planned genomic recombination strategy, where the target locus in SHR rats was replaced with LEW genetic material.Methods
A new congenic strain, named SHR.LEW-Anxrr16 (SLA16), was developed from a cross between LEW (donor) and SHR (receptor) rats and then evaluated in several anxiety-related tests. The activity and attention levels of the new strain were also evaluated, since hyperactivity was observed during its construction and because SHR is a model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Results
Significant effects of Anxrr16 were found for open field central locomotion, as well as for other indices of anxiety from the light/dark box, triple test and T-maze. In all cases, the low-anxiety levels of SHR rats were further reduced by the insertion of LEW alleles. Differences in locomotor activity were found only in unfamiliar (hence stressful) environments and no genetic effects were observed in indices of attention.Conclusion
The SLA16 strain can help in the identification of the molecular pathways involved in experimental anxiety and it demonstrates how apparently extreme phenotypes sometimes hide major opposite-acting genes. 相似文献3.
Saunders MM Schwentker EP Kay DB Bennett G Jacobs CR Verstraete MC Njus GO 《Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering》2003,6(1):75-87
In this study, we developed an approach for prosthetic foot design incorporating motion analysis, mechanical testing and computer analysis. Using computer modeling and finite element analysis, a three-dimensional (3D), numerical foot model of the solid ankle cushioned heel (SACH) foot was constructed and analyzed based upon loading conditions obtained from the gait analysis of an amputee and validated experimentally using mechanical testing. The model was then used to address effects of viscoelastic heel performance numerically. This is just one example of the type of parametric analysis and design enabled by this approach. More importantly, by incorporating the unique gait characteristics of the amputee, these parametric analyses may lead to prosthetic feet more appropriately representing a particular user's needs, comfort and activity level. 相似文献
4.
Li C Norris PS Ni CZ Havert ML Chiong EM Tran BR Cabezas E Reed JC Satterthwait AC Ware CF Ely KR 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2003,278(50):50523-50529
Lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTbetaR) and CD40 are members of the tumor necrosis factor family of signaling receptors that regulate cell survival or death through activation of NF-kappaB. These receptors transmit signals through downstream adaptor proteins called tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs). In this study, the crystal structure of a region of the cytoplasmic domain of LTbetaR bound to TRAF3 has revealed an unexpected new recognition motif, 388IPEEGD393, for TRAF3 binding. Although this motif is distinct in sequence and structure from the PVQET motif in CD40 and PIQCT in the regulator TRAF-associated NF-kappaB activator (TANK), recognition is mediated in the same binding crevice on the surface of TRAF3. The results reveal structurally adaptive "hot spots" in the TRAF3-binding crevice that promote molecular interactions driving specific signaling after contact with LTbetaR, CD40, or the downstream regulator TANK. 相似文献
5.
Candussio L Decorti G Crivellato E Granzotto M Rosati A Giraldi T Bartoli F 《Life sciences》2002,71(26):3109-3119
The effect of a chronic treatment with low oral doses of verapamil, a calcium channel blocker commonly employed in cardiovascular therapy, on doxorubicin toxicity, was evaluated in CD1 mice. Verapamil, administered at a dosage corresponding to a typical cardiovascular posology in humans, significantly increased doxorubicin toxicity. In particular the mortality was significantly higher and earlier and histological analysis revealed an increase in the severity of lesions in the liver, kidney and small bowel of verapamil pretreated animals. The pharmacokinetic profiles revealed that verapamil treated group had higher doxorubicin peak plasma and tissue levels and AUCs.This study shows that verapamil, administered at low doses, dramatically increases doxorubicin toxicity, probably through an interaction between the two drugs, both P-glycoprotein substrates, on the protein expressed in normal tissues, and suggests caution in the use of the calcium channel blocker for cardiovascular pathologies in patients who have to be treated with antineoplastic agents, substrates of P-glycoprotein. 相似文献
6.
Zhu Y Nam J Humara JM Mysore KS Lee LY Cao H Valentine L Li J Kaiser AD Kopecky AL Hwang HH Bhattacharjee S Rao PK Tzfira T Rajagopal J Yi H Veena Yadav BS Crane YM Lin K Larcher Y Gelvin MJ Knue M Ramos C Zhao X Davis SJ Kim SI Ranjith-Kumar CT Choi YJ Hallan VK Chattopadhyay S Sui X Ziemienowicz A Matthysse AG Citovsky V Hohn B Gelvin SB 《Plant physiology》2003,132(2):494-505
Limited knowledge currently exists regarding the roles of plant genes and proteins in the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation process. To understand the host contribution to transformation, we carried out root-based transformation assays to identify Arabidopsis mutants that are resistant to Agrobacterium transformation (rat mutants). To date, we have identified 126 rat mutants by screening libraries of T-DNA insertion mutants and by using various “reverse genetic” approaches. These mutants disrupt expression of genes of numerous categories, including chromatin structural and remodeling genes, and genes encoding proteins implicated in nuclear targeting, cell wall structure and metabolism, cytoskeleton structure and function, and signal transduction. Here, we present an update on the identification and characterization of these rat mutants. 相似文献
7.
The dorsal diencephalon (or epithalamus) of larval zebrafish displays distinct left-right asymmetries. The pineal complex consists of the pineal organ anlage and an unpaired, left-sided accessory organ - the parapineal. The neighboring brain nuclei, the left and right dorsal habenulae, show consistent differences in their size, density of neuropil and gene expression. Mutational analyses demonstrate a correlation between the left-right position of the parapineal and the laterality of the habenular nuclei. We show that selective ablation of the parapineal organ results in the loss of habenular asymmetry. The left-sided parapineal therefore influences the left-right identity of adjacent brain nuclei, indicating that laterality of the dorsal diencephalon arises in a step-wise fashion. 相似文献
8.
Marnie M. Saunders Linda A. Simmerman Gretchen L. Reed Neil A. Sharkey Amanda F. Taylor 《Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology》2010,9(5):539-550
The goal of this work was to develop and validate a whole bone organ culture model to be utilized in biomimetic mechanotransduction
research. Femurs harvested from 2-day-old neonatal rat pups were maintained in culture for 1 week post-harvest and assessed
for growth and viability. For stimulation studies, femurs were physiologically stimulated for 350 cycles 24 h post-harvest
then maintained in culture for 1 week at which time structural tests were conducted. Comparing 1 and 8 days in culture, bones
grew significantly in size over the 7-day culture period. In addition, histology supported adequate diffusion and organ viability
at 2 weeks in culture. For stimulation studies, 350 cycles of physiologic loading 24 h post-harvest resulted in increased
bone strength over the 7-day culture period. In this work, structural proof of concept was established for the use of whole
bone organ cultures as mechanotransduction models. Specifically, this work established that these cultures grow and remain
viable in culture, are adequately nourished via diffusion and are capable of responding to a brief bout of mechanical stimulation
with an increase in strength. 相似文献
9.
Vilmos Soós Endre Sebestyén Angéla Juhász Marnie E Light Ladislav Kohout Gabriella Szalai Júlia Tandori Johannes Van Staden Ervin Balázs 《BMC plant biology》2010,10(1):236
Background
Smoke released from burning vegetation functions as an important environmental signal promoting the germination of many plant species following a fire. It not only promotes the germination of species from fire-prone habitats, but several species from non-fire-prone areas also respond, including some crops. The germination stimulatory activity can largely be attributed to the presence of a highly active butenolide compound, 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (referred to as karrikin 1 or KAR1), that has previously been isolated from plant-derived smoke. Several hypotheses have arisen regarding the molecular background of smoke and KAR1 action. 相似文献10.
Ion channels in smooth muscle: regulation by the sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In smooth muscle, Ca(2+) regulates cell division, growth and cell death as well as providing the main trigger for contraction. Ion channels provide the major access route to elevate the cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)) in smooth muscle by permitting Ca(2+) entry across the plasma membrane and release of the ion from intracellular Ca(2+) stores. The control of [Ca(2+)](c) relies on feedback modulation of the entry and release channels by Ca(2+) itself. Local rises in [Ca(2+)](c) may promote or inhibit channel activity directly or indirectly. The latter may arise from Ca(2+) regulation of ionic conductances in the plasma membrane to provide control of cell excitability and so [Ca(2+)](c) entry. Organelles such as mitochondria may also contribute significantly to the feedback regulation of ion channel activity by the control of Ca(2+) or redox status of the cell. This brief review describes the feedback regulation of Ca(2+) release from the internal Ca(2+) store and of plasma membrane excitability in smooth muscle. 相似文献