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排序方式: 共有381条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Martin T. R. Kuiper Marijke Holtrop Hans de Vries 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1988,213(2-3):519-528
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Potato tuber ( Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Bintje) callus shows a decrease in fresh weight and an increase in dry weight upon transfer to nutrient medium supplemented with 0.3 or 0.5 M mannitol. The osmolarity of the intracellular fluid increases simultaneously. Probably mannitol is taken up from the medium till the osmolarity of the tissue is in equilibrium with that of the medium. After osmotic adaptation, on a medium with 0.5 M mannitol, growth is negligible, although the tissue retains its viability.
Respiration increases upon transfer to medium with extra mannitol, especially when expressed on a fresh weight basis. On this basis cytochrome and alternative pathway capacities do not change appreciably. The respiratory increase is exclusively caused by an increased engagement of the alternative pathway. The participation of this pathway in uninhibited respiration increases from about 10 to 90% upon transfer to medium with extra mannitol. The increase in respiration is partly correlated with the decrease in fresh weight upon transfer. Per disc, the capacities of the cytochrome and alternative pathway decline. Yet, total respiration per disc significantly increases due to the increased participation of the alternative pathway. This results in an almost equal ATP-production per disc before and after transfer. We suggest, that the alternative pathway functions as a reserve capacity in potato callus, which is switched on when ATP-production coupled to the cytochrome pathway is impaired. 相似文献
Respiration increases upon transfer to medium with extra mannitol, especially when expressed on a fresh weight basis. On this basis cytochrome and alternative pathway capacities do not change appreciably. The respiratory increase is exclusively caused by an increased engagement of the alternative pathway. The participation of this pathway in uninhibited respiration increases from about 10 to 90% upon transfer to medium with extra mannitol. The increase in respiration is partly correlated with the decrease in fresh weight upon transfer. Per disc, the capacities of the cytochrome and alternative pathway decline. Yet, total respiration per disc significantly increases due to the increased participation of the alternative pathway. This results in an almost equal ATP-production per disc before and after transfer. We suggest, that the alternative pathway functions as a reserve capacity in potato callus, which is switched on when ATP-production coupled to the cytochrome pathway is impaired. 相似文献
4.
Quantitative Determination of the Spatial Distribution of Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter agilis Cells Immobilized in κ-Carrageenan Gel Beads by a Specific Fluorescent-Antibody Labelling Technique 下载免费PDF全文
Jan H. Hunik Marijke P. van den Hoogen Wietse de Boer Marieke Smit Johannes Tramper 《Applied microbiology》1993,59(6):1951-1954
A novel technique, combining labelling and stereological methods, for the determination of spatial distribution of two microorganisms in a biofilm is presented. Cells of Nitrosomonas europaea (ATCC 19718) and Nitrobacter agilis (ATCC 14123) were homogeneously distributed in a κ-carrageenan gel during immobilization and allowed to grow out to colonies. The gel beads were sliced in thin cross sections after fixation and embedding. A two-step labelling method resulted in green fluorescent colonies of either N. europaea or N. agilis in the respective cross sections. The positions and surface areas of the colonies of each species were determined, and from that a biomass volume distribution for N. europaea and N. agilis in κ-carrageenan gel beads was estimated. This technique will be useful for the validation of biofilm models, which predict such biomass distributions. 相似文献
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Construction and characterization of the chimeric monoclonal antibody E48 for therapy of head and neck cancer 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ruud H. Brakenhoff Frank B. van Gog James E. Looney Marijke van Walsum Gordon B. Snow Guus A. M. S. van Dongen 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1995,40(3):191-200
Data from an ongoing clinical radioimmunoscintigraphy trial indicate that99mTc-labeled monoclonal antibody (mAb) E48 is highly capable of selectively targeting squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). The percentage of the injected dose per gram of tumor tissue was found to be high, rendering mAbE48 a promising candidate mAb for therapeutic purposes. We now describe the construction of a chimeric (moouse/human) mAb E48 by recombinant DNA technology. The genes encoding the variable domains of the heavy and light chain were cloned and ligated into experession vectors containing the human 1 heavy-chain gene and the human k lightchain gene respectively. Biological properties of the resulting chimeric mAb E48 were compared to the murine form in vitro and in vivo. The reactivities of chimeric (c)mAb and murine (m)mAb E48 with HNSCC, as assessed by immunohistochemical staining as well as immuno-blotting were shown to be similar. The affinity constant appeared to be 0.9×1010 M–1 and 1.6×1010 M–1 for the mmAb and cmAb respectively. The biodistribution of both antibodies was tested by simultaneous injection into nude mice bearing human HNSCC xenografts. cmAb E48 was found to be cleared more rapidly from the blood than mmAb E48, resulting in a 30% lower tumor uptake but similar tumor to non-tumor ratios, 3 days after injection. Moreover, it was shown that cmAb E48 is highly capable of lysing HNSCC targets in ADCC assays in vitro, whereas the mmAb appeared to be almost incative. These data indicate that cmAb E48 has potential as a targeting agent for the eradication of HNSCC in man. 相似文献
6.
Hans C.P. Matthijs Eva M.E. Ludérus Huub J.M. Löffler Marijke J.C. Scholts Ruud Kraayenhof 《BBA》1984,766(1):29-37
The oxidation of NADPH and NADH was studied in the light and in the dark using sonically derived membrane vesicles and osmotically shocked spheroplasts. These two types of cell-free membrane preparations mostly differ in that the cell and thylakoid membranes are scrambled in the former type and that they are more or less separated in the latter type of preparations. In the light, using both kinds of preparations, each of NADPH and NADH donates electrons via the plastoquinone-cytochrome redox complex (Qbc redox complex) to the thylakoid membrane-bound cytochrome c-553 preoxidized by a light flash and to methylviologen via Photosystem I. NADPH donates electrons to the thylakoid membrane via a weakly rotenone-sensitive dehydrogenase to a site that is situated beyond the 3(3′,4′-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea sensitive site and before plastoquinone. Ferredoxin and easily soluble cytoplasmic proteins are presumably not involved in light-mediated NADPH oxidation. Inhibitors of electron transfer at the Qbc redox complex as the dinitrophenylether of 2-iodo-4-nitrothymol, 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone and 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxy-quinone-N-oxide are effective, but antimycin A and KCN are not. The oxidation of NADH showed comparable sensitivity to these inhibitors. However, the oxidation of NADH is antimycin-A-sensitive regardless of the kind of membrane preparation used, indicating that in this case electrons are donated to a different site on the thylakoid membrane. In the dark, NADPH and NADH donate electrons at sites that behave similar to those of light-mediated oxidation, indicating that the initial steps of electron transfer are situated at the thylakoid membranes. However, NADPH oxidation is in some cases not sensitive to inhibitors active at the Qbc redox complex. It is concluded that O2 reduction takes place at two different sites, one partly developed in vitro, situated near the rotenone-sensitive NADPH dehydrogenase, and another, highly KCN-sensitive one, situated beyond the Qbc redox complex and used in vivo. The terminal oxygen-reducing step of NADPH and NADH oxidation in the dark showed a preparation-dependent sensitivity for KCN, more than 80% inhibition in sonically derived membrane vesicles and less than 30% inhibition in osmotically shocked spheroplasts. From this result we tentatively conclude that the highly KCN-sensitive oxidase is not necessarily located at the thylakoid membrane and could be located at the cytoplasmic membrane. 相似文献
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The sensitivity of the radioimmunoassay of steroids is considerably reduced by high blank values which may be derived in part from co-chromatographed standards. Blank levels approach the detection limit of the radioimmunoassay of aldosterone, testosterone and androstenedione when 10,000 dpm (30–35 pg) labeled steroids are used as reference standard. When 20 μg aldosterone, testosterone, or androstenedione is used as standard, blank levels of up to 12,800 pg were measured in the radioimmunoassay. Application of the standards on a separate strip does not improve the results. From our experiments it seems clear that contamination is transported by the solvent. 相似文献
9.
Signal-to-noise ratio, the ratio between signal and noise, is a quantity that has been well established for MRI data but is still subject of ongoing debate and confusion when it comes to fMRI data. fMRI data are characterised by small activation fluctuations in a background of noise. Depending on how the signal of interest and the noise are identified, signal-to-noise ratio for fMRI data is reported by using many different definitions. Since each definition comes with a different scale, interpreting and comparing signal-to-noise ratio values for fMRI data can be a very challenging job. In this paper, we provide an overview of existing definitions. Further, the relationship with activation detection power is investigated. Reference tables and conversion formulae are provided to facilitate comparability between fMRI studies. 相似文献
10.
Sanne R. Martens-de Kemp Arjen Brink Marijke Stigter-van Walsum J. Mirjam A. Damen François Rustenburg Thijs Wu Wessel N. van Wieringen Gerrit Jan Schuurhuis Boudewijn J.M. Braakhuis Monique Slijper Ruud H. Brakenhoff 《Stem cell research》2013,10(3):477-488
Patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are often treated with concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but only 50% is cured. A possible explanation for treatment failure is therapy resistance of the cancer stem cells (CSCs). The application of compounds specifically targeting these CSCs, in addition to routinely used therapeutics, would likely improve clinical outcome. We demonstrate that the previously described monoclonal antibody K984 recognizes the CD98 cell surface protein, which is specifically expressed by cells forming the squamous basal cell layer, the region where the squamous stem cells reside. Moreover, CD98 is highly resistant to the proteolytic enzymes required for CSC enrichment procedures. We show that CD98high cells, in contrast to CD98low cells, are able to generate tumors in immunodeficient mice, indicating that CD98high cells have stem cell characteristics. Furthermore, the CD98high subpopulation expresses high levels of cell cycle control and DNA repair genes, while the CD98low fraction shows expression patterns that represent the more differentiated cells forming the bulk of the tumor. CD98 is a promising CSC enrichment marker in HNSCC. Our data support the CSC concept in head and neck cancer and the potential relevance of these cells for treatment outcome. 相似文献