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1.
In vitro rooting of the apple rootstock M 26 in adult and juvenile growth phases and acclimatization of the plantlets 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Margareta Welander 《Physiologia plantarum》1983,58(3):231-238
In order to obtain optimum conditions for in vitro propagation of the apple rootstock M 26 ( Malus pumila Mill.) in adult and juvenile growth phases, several rooting experiments were performed. Supraoptimal concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) added to the rooting media resulted in profuse callus formation. Since extensive callus production is detrimental to the survival of the plantlets, modified culture conditions were established to reduce callus formation. A reduction of the time of exposure to IBA to 5 days and, thereafter, transfer to a hormone-free medium did not eliminate callus production. Exposure to darkness during the root initiation phase increased rooting. When the rooting medium was based on the Lepoivre formula instead of the Murashige and Skoog formula, callus formation was reduced. Optimum conditions for rooting were obtained at much lower concentration than earlier reported, being 1.25 μM for the juvenile and 0.5 μM for the adult growth phase in the range of IBA concentrations tested. Anatomical studies revealed that root initials are formed after 5 days of IBA-treatment. Therefore, we transferred shoots directly to non-sterile conditions after the root-inducing phase. This resulted in a 90% survival of the plantlets. Subculture on hormone-free medium can thus be eliminated when the optimum auxin concentration is known. 相似文献
2.
Maria Anvret Margareta Blombäck Monika Lindstedt Elisabeth Söderlind Margareta Tapper-Persson Ann-Christine Thelander 《Human genetics》1992,89(2):147-154
Summary Twenty-five patients with von Willebrand's disease (vWD) type III were analysed with regard to blood coagulation variables and possible deletions. Nine of the probands and their families were further investigated with DNA linkage analyses. Different patterns of heredity can be suggested in our families with vWD type III, on the basis of blood coagulation analyses. The findings suggest homozygosity in five families and the possibility of compound heterozygosity or a new mutation in the proband in three families. The linkage analyses confirm the results of the coagulation analyses. The segregation of the von Willebrand factor (vWF) gene can be followed in the families, and carrier diagnosis can be made in several of the probands' relatives. The possibility of large deletions in the vWF gene of the probands and their parents was investigated with probes representing the whole vWF cDNA. No deletions were found.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Karolinska Hospital (No. 84:1) 相似文献
3.
Margareta Lirvall Pia Ljungqvist-Höddelius Åke Wasteson Karl-Eric Magnùsson 《Bioscience reports》1996,16(3):227-238
Growth factor receptors transmit biological signals for the stimulation of cell growth in vitro and in vivo and their autocrine stimulation may be involved in tumorigenesis. It is therefore, of great value to understand receptor reactions in response to ultraviolet (UV) light which certain normal human cells are invaribly exposed to during their growth cycle. UV irradiation has recently been shown to deplete antioxidant enzymes in human skin. The aims of the present study were a) to compare the lateral mobility of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGF-R) in cultured human keratinocytes and human foreskin fibroblasts, b) to investigate effects of ultraviolet B radiation on the mobility of EGF-R in these cells, and c) study the response of EGF-R on addition of antioxidant enzymes. The epidermal growth factor receptors were labeled with rhodaminated EGF, the lateral diffusion was determined and the fraction of mobile EGF-R assessed with the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). We found that human keratinocytes display a higher basal level of EGF-R mobility than human skin fibroblasts, viz. with diffusion coefficients (D ± standard error of the mean, SEM) of 4.2±0.2 × 10–10 cm2/s, and 1.8±0.2 × 10–10 cm2/s, respectively. UVB-irradiated fibroblasts showed an almost four-fold increase in the diffusion coefficient; D was 6.3±0.3 × 10–10 cm2/s. The keratinocytes, however, displayed no significant increase in receptor diffusion after irradiation; D was 5.1±0.8 × 10–10 cm2/s. In both cell types the percentage of EGF-R fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, i.e. the fraction of mobile receptors, was significantly increased after irradiation. In keratinocytes it increased from 69% before irradiation to 78% after irradiation. Analogous figures for fibroblasts were 61% and 73%. The effect of UVB on fibroblast receptors was abolished by prior addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). It is concluded that UVB radiation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes can affect their biophysical properties of EGF-R. The finding that addition of antioxidant enzymes prevented the UVB effect in fibroblasts may indicate the involvement of reactive oxygen metabolites.Abbreviations CAT
Catalase
- D
Lateral diffusion coefficient
- EDTA
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- EGF
Epidermal growth factor
- E-MEM
Eagle's minimum essential medium
- FCS
Fetal calf serum
- FRAP
Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching
- KRG
Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer
- PBS
Phosphate-buffered saline
- R
Mobile fraction
- ROS
Reactive oxygen species
- SEM
Standard error of the mean
- SOD
Superoxide dismutase
- UVA
Ultraviolet light-A (315-400 nm)
- UVB
Ultraviolet light-B (280-315 nm) 相似文献
4.
Summary Isolated cod brain microtubules from the cold-adapted Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) have previously been shown to be highly detyrosinated, a post-translational modification of tubulin usually found in stable
subsets of microtubules. In this study we found this was not restricted only to isolated brain microtubules. Microtubules
in primary cultures of brain and skin cells were composed of both tyrosinated (Tyr)- and detyrosinated (Glu)-tubulin seen
by immunocytochemistry. Immunoelectron microscopy of isolated microtubules showed that individual microtubules were composed
of a mixture of Tyr- and Glu-tubulin. Leukocytes with extending lamellopodia contained only microtubules stained with the
antibody against Tyr-tubulin, and isolated heart tubulin lacked both Tyr- and Glu-tubulin, suggesting that a relative high
level of detyrosination is a characteristic of most, but not all, cod microtubules. Brain cell microtubules were more resistant
to mitotic inhibitors than skin cell microtubules, but this was not correlated to a difference in detyrosination. Brain and
skin cell microtubules were only partially disassembled when incubated at 0°C. Upon reassembly of microtubules at 12°C, microtubules
were still made of mixtures of Tyr- and Glu-tubulin, indicating that detyrosination of assembled microtubules is rapid and/or
that in cod cells, in contrast to mammalian cells, Glu-tubulin can reassemble to microtubules. Our data show that most cod
microtubules are highly detyrosinated, but this is not the cause of their cold adaptation or drug stability. 相似文献
5.
Béla Böddi Birgitta McEwen Margareta Ryberg Christer Sundqvist 《Physiologia plantarum》1994,92(1):160-170
Low-temperature fluorescence emission spectra of 6.5-day-old dark-grown epicotyls of pea ( Pisum sativum ) revealed the presence of protochlorophyll(ide). The upper part of the epicotyl contained 30% of the protochlorophyll(ide) content per fresh weight found in pea leaves, whereas the lower part contained 3%. Three discrete spectral forms of protochlorophyll(ide) were clearly distinguished after Gaussian deconvolution of fluorescence excitation and emission spectra. Adding the satellite bands of the Qy(0-0) transitions (the emission vibrational (Emv) bands with correlated amplitudes, gave the following delineation: Ex439–Em629–Emv684, Ex447–Em636–Emv700 and Ex456–Em650–Emv728. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by immunodetection of whole tissue extracts of the epicotyl indicated the presence of NADPH-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (EC 1.3.1.33). Electron micrographs showed prolamellar bodies in at most 11 % of the plastid profiles of the epicotyl cells. These prolamellar bodies were smaller, and many of them showed less regular structure than those of the leaves. Taken together, the results indicate that the protochlorophyll(ide) in epicotyls is arranged in a different way than in leaves. 相似文献
6.
ExbB acts as a chaperone-like protein to stabilize TonB in the cytoplasm 总被引:19,自引:5,他引:14
The TonB protein is required to transduce energy from the cytoplasmic membrane to outer membrane transport proteins of Gram-negative bacteria. Two accessory proteins, ExbB and ExbD, are required for TonB function and it has been suggested that TonB and ExbBD form a complex in the membrane. In this paper we demonstrate that there are two spatially distinct, functional interactions between ExbBD and TonB. First, there is an interaction between ExbBD and the N-terminal signal-like peptide of TonB, probabiy the formation of a stable complex in the membrane. Second, ExbB interacts with TonB in the cytoplasm. This interaction involves the domain of TonB that is normally periplasmic. Thus, this is a transient interaction which occurs during the synthesis and/or localization of TonB, implying a chaperone-like role for ExbB. The transmembrane topology of ExbB was shown to be consistent with this role. 相似文献
7.
Plastid development in germinating wheat (Triticum aestivum) is enhanced by gibberellic acid and delayed by gabaculine 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Etioplast development and protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) accumulation was studied in wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Walde, Weibull) grown in darkness on gibberellic acid (GA3 ), gabaculine (3-amino-2,3-dihydrobenzoic acid), or on a combination of the two. The results were compared with the features of seedlings grown on water only. GA3 enhanced shoot growth and promoted etioplast development. A correlation was observed between the appearance of prolamellar bodies (PLBs) and of phototransformable Pchlide. Gabaculine, a known tetrapyrrole biosynthesis inhibitor, delayed growth, slowed down the rate of PLB formation and caused structural alterations of the etioplasts up to 48 h of germination. Gabaculine also delayed the formation of phototransformable Pchlide as well as overall Pchlide biosynthesis, as determined by low-temperature fluorescence emission in vivo. The spectral blue-shift of newly formed chlorophyllide (Chlide) was delayed in irradiated dark-grown gabaculine-grown seedlings, indicating an inhibited dissociation of Chlide and NADPH-Pchlide oxidoreductase (Pchlide reductase: EC 1.3.1.33). Thus there is a close correlation between accumulation of Pchlide and etioplast development, also under conditions when development is enhanced or delayed. 相似文献
8.
An increase in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity inStreptococcus lactis was observed when the cells were grown at increased oxygen partial pressures or exposed to hyperbaric oxygen tensions. The NADH-oxidase/NADH-peroxidase activities inS. lactis increased in galactose-grown cells when cultivated in air compared with N2/CO2. This effect did not occur when glucose was the carbon source; however, an increase in the activities of these enzymes was observed in oxygen atmosphere. The correlation between SOD, NADH-oxidase/NADH-peroxidase, and the metabolic pathways involved is discussed. The effect of manganese on the SOD activity is also considered. 相似文献
9.
When goats are cooled down to 22–23 °C, the activity of nonspecific serum cholinesterase remains unchanged during refrigeration and in deep lethargic hypothermia, and then begins to diminish on the first day of posthypothermia. It remains at the depressed level up to the seventh day of posthypothermia, and then begins to return gradually to the initial level. Hence it is concluded that protein biosynthesis in the cells of liver parenchyma becomes suppressed under the influence of hypothermia, and that this inhibitory effect lasts considerably longer than hypothermia itself. 相似文献
10.
Characterization of prolamellar bodies and prothylakoids fractionated from wheat etioplasts 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
Prolamellar bodies and prothylakoids from etioplasts of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Starke II, Weibull) were separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Top-loaded and bottom-loaded sucrose gradients were compared. As a consequence of avoiding long time exposure of the membranes to low sucrose concentrations, separation in bottom-loaded gradients, as compared to separation in top-loaded gradients, resulted in a sharper and more narrow band of prothylakoids, and in better preservation of phototransformable protochlorophyllide, especially in the prothylakoids. In bottom-loaded gradients, the prothylakoids were found concentrated in a band at a density of 1.20 g'ml−1 . The prolamellar bodies were found at a density of 1.17 g'ml−1 . In top-loaded gradients the prothylakoids were found at a lower density than the prolamellar bodies. The prothylakoid fraction contained about 60% of the recovered protochlorophyllide and about 85% of the recovered protein. Absorption and fluorescence emission spectra revealed a higher amount of phototransformable protochlorophyllide, in relation to non-phototransformable, in the prolamellar body fraction than in the prothylakoid fraction. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated a high proportion of protochlorophyllide reductase in the prolamellar bodies. Chloroplast ATPase (CF1 ) was found predominantly in the prothylakoid fraction. Thus, our results strongly indicate the presence of phototransformable protochlorophyllide in the prolamellar bodies proper, while the main bulk of proteins are located in the prothylakoids. 相似文献