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Deletion of a C–terminal intrinsically disordered region of WRINKLED1 affects its stability and enhances oil accumulation in Arabidopsis 下载免费PDF全文
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Plants use volatile organic compounds to attract invertebratepredators and parasitoids of their herbivore pests. Recently,it has been suggested that plants, either through visual orolfactory cues, may also "cry for help" from vertebrate predatorssuch as birds. We show that in a laboratory choice test, passerinebirds (Parus major and Cyanistes caeruleus) were attracted tothe intact branches of trees (Betula pendula) suffering fromfoliar damage caused by herbivore larvae (Epirrita autumnata)in nontest branches. Species, age, or sex of the experimentalbird or lighting (ultraviolet [UV] or non-UV) did not affectthe preference. However, the birds made a clear choice betweenthe treatments when the trees came from a forest patch receivingmore sunlight, whereas no obvious choice was observed when thetrees came from a shadier forest patch. Results of the choicetest were supported by the spectral reflectance of tree leaves.In the sunnier forest patch, control trees reflected more visiblelight than the herbivore trees, whereas no such difference wasfound in the shadier forest patch trees. We suggest that avianpredators use their vision within visible wavelengths to findinsect-rich plants even when they do not see the prey itemsor damaged leaves. 相似文献
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Phillip?David?Whitfield Peter-John?Mantyla?Noble Hilary?Major Robert?Jeffrey?Beynon Rachel?Burrow Alistair?Iain?Freeman Alexander?James?GermanEmail author 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2005,1(3):215-225
Human hepatopathies are a diagnostic challenge, with many distinct diseases having similar clinical signs and laboratory findings.
Naturally occurring canine hepatic disease provides an excellent model for human diseases and similar diagnostic dilemmas
exist; differentiating canine congenital portosystemic vascular anomalies (PVA) from acquired hepatopathies is difficult and
traditionally requires invasive diagnostic procedures. The emerging post-genomic science of metabolomics is concerned with
detecting global changes of populations of endogenous low molecular weight metabolites in biological samples and offers the
possibility of identifying surrogate profiles of disease. Metabolomics couples sensitive metabolite analysis with sophisticated
pattern recognition techniques. In this study, a metabolomic strategy has been employed to assess metabolite changes in the
plasma of dogs with congenital PVA and acquired hepatic disease. Plasma samples were collected from 25 dogs, comprising 9
dogs with congenital PVA, 6 with acquired hepatopathy and 10 with non-hepatic disorders. Low molecular weight metabolites
were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Following identification of metabolites, multivariate data
analysis was used to compare profiles amongst groups. The analysis demonstrated significant disturbances in the plasma bile
acid and phospholipid profiles of dogs with portovascular anomalies. In contrast to traditional laboratory parameters, the
metabolomic strategy was able to produce a clear segregation between all three study groups. In conclusion, this study demonstrates
the potential of metabolomics as a diagnostic tool for naturally occurring hepatic disease. With further validation, this
approach will improve diagnostic capabilities, provide an insight into pathogenetic mechanisms, and ultimately inform therapeutic
decision making in clinical hepatology.
This work was supported in part by grants from The Royal Society, Petplan Charitable Trust and The Waltham Foundation. 相似文献
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The gene for barley endopeptidase B (EPB) has been expressed in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei from the cbh1 promoter. The EPB signal sequence allowed secretion of over 90% of the recombinant protein. Yields reached about 500 mg of immunoreactive protein per liter and exceeded values for any other protein derived from a higher eukaryotic organism produced in T. reesei. 相似文献
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Role of Abscisic Acid in Drought-Induced Freezing Tolerance,Cold Acclimation,and Accumulation of LT178 and RAB18 Proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana 总被引:10,自引:4,他引:6 下载免费PDF全文
Embryogenic tissues of Pinus caribaea Morelet var hondurensis produce extracellular proteins; among them germins have been identified. Two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by electroblotting onto a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane allowed isolation and N-terminal amino acid sequencing of extracellular GP111, which is present within the five embryogenic cell lines studied. The amino acid sequence showed strong homologies with the sequences of germins deduced from cDNA sequencing, starting at the same amino acid position but one, compared with other sequences of mature germins deduced from protein sequencing. Immunoblots of embryogenic and nonembryogenic extracellular proteins indicated that the polypeptide GP111 plus two others with similar relative molecular mass values are present in embryogenic cell lines but not in nonembryogenic ones. They were recognized by an antiserum raised against the nonglycosylated monomer of wheat germin. The cross-reaction between pine and wheat apoproteins was highly specific. An antiserum against the glycosylated pentameric germin-like protein (an oxalate oxidase) of barley cross-reacted with all three, as well as with several other glycosylated polypeptides. 相似文献
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Alterations in Water Status,Endogenous Abscisic Acid Content,and Expression of rab18 Gene during the Development of Freezing Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
Treatments as diverse as exposure to low temperature (LT), exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), or drought resulted in a 4 to 5[deg]C increase in freezing tolerance of the annual herbaceous plant Arabidopsis thaliana. To correlate the increase in freezing tolerance with the physiological changes that occur in response to these treatments, we studied the alterations in water status, endogenous ABA levels, and accumulation of rab18 (V. Lang and E.T. Palva [1992] Plant Mol Biol 20: 951-962) mRNA. Exposure to LT and exogenous ABA caused only a minor decline in total water potential ([psi]w), in contrast to a dramatic decrease in [psi]w during drought stress. Similarly, the endogenous ABA levels were only slightly and transiently increased in LT-treated plants in contrast to a massive increase in ABA levels in drought-stressed plants. The expression of the ABA-responsive rab18 gene was low during the LT treatment but could be induced to high levels by exogenous ABA and drought stress. Taken together, these results suggest that the moderate increases in freezing tolerance of A. thaliana might be achieved by different mechanisms. However, ABA-deficient and ABA-insensitive mutants of A. thaliana have impaired freezing tolerance, suggesting that ABA is, at least indirectly, required for the development of full freezing tolerance. 相似文献
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