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排序方式: 共有476条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Shifts in Methanogenic Subpopulations Measured with Antibody Probes in a Fixed-Bed Loop Anaerobic Bioreactor Treating Sulfite Evaporator Condensate 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
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Alberto J. L. Macario Everly Conway de Macario Ulrich Ney Siegfried M. Schoberth Hermann Sahm 《Applied microbiology》1989,55(8):1996-2001
A fixed-bed loop, high-rate anaerobic bioreactor treating sulfite evaporator condensate was sampled when it reached steady state and afterwards following perturbations during a 14-month period. By using immunotechnology, it was observed that shifts in methanogenic subpopulations occurred in association with perturbations, such as restarting and relocating the biomass into a different tank. Methanogens related to Methanobacterium bryantii MoHG and Methanobrevibacter smithii ALI were numerous throughout the observation period, while Methanosarcina mazei S6 and Methanosarcina thermophila TM1 were found in the early and late samples, respectively. Also, Methanobacterium formicicum was more numerous at the top portion of the bioreactor, while Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus AZ and DC were at the bottom. Sample formalinization required for prolonged storage proved suitable for antigen preservation. 相似文献
2.
Quantitative Immunologic Analysis of the Methanogenic Flora of Digestors Reveals a Considerable Diversity 总被引:9,自引:8,他引:1
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To determine which methanogens occur in digestors, we performed a quantitative immunologic analysis of a variety of samples. A comprehensive panel of calibrated polyclonal antibody probes of predefined specificity spectra was used. This allowed precise identification of bacteria by antigenic fingerprinting. A considerable diversity of methanogens was uncovered, much larger than previously reported, encompassing at least 14 strains of 11 species. Strategies were developed to measure the load of any given methanogen in a sample and to compare samples quantitatively. Two methanogens were found to predominate which were antigenically closely related with either Methanobacterium formicicum MF or Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus AZ. Fundamental data, probes, and methods are now available to monitor methanogenic subpopulations during digestor operation and thus learn about their respective roles and predictive significance. 相似文献
3.
Elizabeth R. Fielding David B. Archer Everly Conway de Macario Alberto J. L. Macario 《Applied microbiology》1988,54(3):835-836
Methanogenic bacteria were isolated from landfill sites in the United Kingdom. Strains of Methanobacterium formicicum, Methanosarcina barkeri, several different immunotypes of Methanobacterium bryantii, and a coccoid methanogen distinct from the reference immunotypes were identified. 相似文献
4.
Monoclonal antibodies were prepared against two species of Methanomicrobiaceae. Antibody 1A is specific for Methanospirillum hungatei strain JF1 and the determinant it recognizes is expressed on the surface of JF1 cells, where it is exposed and accessible to antibody. The determinant is found in a polypeptide (MW<12,000) in the sheath that covers the bacterial cell; it is not present in Methanospirillum hungatei strain GP1; and it is not expressed on the surface of whole cells of the other 24 methanogenic bacteria tested. It is therefore a marker of strain JF1, consequently, antibody 1A is potentially useful for tracking JF1 and fragments thereof in a variety of samples. Antibody 7A is specific for Methanogenium cariaci JR1c. It did not react with any other methanogen tested, not even with Mg. marisnigri or Ms. hungatei JF1, although these cross-react with Mg. cariaci if tested with polyclonal antisera. Therefore antibody 7A recognizes specifically a marker of Mg. cariaci JR1c.Abbreviations SIA
slide immunoenzymatic assay
- SDS-PAGE
sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 相似文献
5.
Effect of magnesium on methanogenic subpopulations in a thermophilic acetate-degrading granular consortium. 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
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The effects of Mg2+ on thermophilic (55 degrees C) granules grown on acetate in 0.2-liter upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors were studied. The methanogens in the granules were identified and counted by using antibody probes and the antigenic fingerprinting method. Packets of large coccoidal cells antigenically related to Methanosarcina thermophila TM-1 were scarce in the absence of Mg2+ but increased with increasing Mg2+ concentrations up to 30 mM; Methanosarcina packets immunologically related to Methanosarcina barkeri R1M3 showed a similar trend, and their numbers increased up to 100 mM Mg2+. The number of single cells antigenically related to TM-1, R1M3, and Methanosarcina mazei S-6 were scarce at low Mg2+ concentrations but increased drastically at 30 and 100 mM Mg2+. The number of rod-shaped bacteria antigenically related to Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum GC1 and delta H was highest with no Mg2+ present, and their numbers decreased with increasing concentrations of the cation. These quantitative data, obtained by counting cells in suspensions made from disrupted granules, were confirmed by microscopic observation of the methanogenic subpopulations in thin histologic sections of the granules. 相似文献
6.
Ronald J. Prokopy Ratana Poramarcom Manon Sutantawong Ranu Dokmaihom Jorge Hendrichs 《Journal of Insect Behavior》1996,9(1):133-142
Oriental fruit flies,Bactrocera dorsalis, cultured in the laboratory for six generations, were released when 12–14 days old in an orchard of nonfruiting host trees that were furnished with either food and water, nonpunctured host fruit, punctured host fruit, or no resources. Nearly all flies of both sexes, all sexual behavior of males, and all mating pairs were observed on trees with fruit. Moreover, on trees with fruit, nearly all flies of both sexes, nearly all sexual behavior of males, and nearly all mating pairs occurred on the fruit itself rather than on the foliage or branches. In a subsequent test, both sexes were found to be strongly attracted to the odor of host fruit. For a polyphagous species of a tropical tephritid, these findings are the first to show a high level of male aggregation and a high amount of male sexual behavior on the fruit of host trees. Findings are discussed in relation to current knowledge of tephritid mating behavior. An additional quality-control test for laboratory cultured males used in the sterile insect technique of fly management is recommended. 相似文献
7.
8.
The K+/H+ exchange activity of the inner mitochondrial membrane was investigated in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Swelling experiments in potassium acetate indicated that the K+/H+ exchange was active without any additional treatment after the mitochondria isolation, such as a Mg2+ depletion. As in mammalian mitochondria, the activity of yeast mitochondria was stimulated by increasing pH and was inhibited by the amphiphilic amines quinine and propranolol and by the carboxyl reagent dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. However, the activity was poorly inhibited by Mg2+ and consequently was only slightly stimulated by the Mg2+/H+ exchanger A23187. On the other hand, Zn2+ was very efficient for inhibiting the exchange and consequently the activity was strongly stimulated by the permeant metal-chelator o-phenanthroline. The [86Rb]Rb+ accumulation in mitochondria and mitoplasts was only partially inhibited by quinine and propranolol suggesting that part of the accumulation monitored under these conditions was due to cation leak through the inner membrane together with adsorption on the membrane. The DCCD-sensitive activity could be reconstituted from mitochondria and from mitoplasts solubilized with Triton X-100; this activity, measured by [86Rb]Rb+ accumulation, was quinine- and propranolol-sensitive. A spectrophotometric method, based on the capacity of negatively charged proteoliposomes to swell, was then developed in order to continuously follow the reconstituted activity. 相似文献
9.
Start-up of a thermophilic upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor with mesophilic granular sludge 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jules B. van Lier Katja C. F. Grolle Alfons J. M. Stams Everly Conway de Macario Gatze Lettinga 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1992,37(1):130-135
Summary Fast start-up of thermophilic upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors was achieved at process temperatures of 46, 55 and 64° C, using mesophilic granular sludge as inoculum and fatty acid mixtures as feed. The start-up was brought about by increasing the temperature of mesophilic UASB reactors in a single step, which initially led to a sharp drop in the methane production rate. Thereafter, stable thermophilic methanogenesis was achieved within a period of 1 or 2 weeks depending on the temperature of operation. Mesophilic granules functioned initially as effective carrier material for thermophilic organisms. However, long-term operation led to disintegration of the granules, resulting in wash-out of thermophilic biomass. The temperature optima for acetotrophic methanogenic activity of the sludges cultivated at 46, 55 and 64° C, were similar, but differed significantly from the temperature optimum of the mesophilic inoculum. All the sludges examined were dominated by Methanothrix-like rods. These could be distinguished by antigenic fingerprinting into two subpopulations, one predominant at 36° C and the other predominant at 46° C and above.
Offprint requests to: J. B. van Lier 相似文献
10.
A microtechnique has been developed for the measurement of alkaline phosphatase in minute amounts of renal tissue. This microtechnique utilizes the known fluorescent property of 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate following enzymatic hydrolysis. The reaction is sensitive and reproducible and is inhibited by l-bromotetramisole, a specific alkaline phosphatase inhibitor. The microdetermination of alkaline phosphatase activity in the various segments of the mouse nephron allowed the localization of the enzyme in the glomeruli, and in the proximal convoluted tubule where the activity progressively decreases from the capsule of Bowman to the more distal segments. The enzyme was absent from the pars recta or S3 and from the rest of the nephron. This technique is applicable to very small amounts (0.1 μg of protein) of any tissue containing alkaline phosphatase. 相似文献