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Rahbar Mohammad Reza Zarei Mahboubeh Jahangiri Abolfazl Khalili Saeed Nezafat Navid Negahdaripour Manica Fattahian Yaser Ghasemi Younes 《International journal of peptide research and therapeutics》2020,26(3):1269-1282
International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics - Acinetobacter baumannii is an important pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections worldwide. Trimeric autotransporters, the... 相似文献
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William E. Feeney Rohan M. Brooker Lane N. Johnston James D. J. Gilbert Marc Besson David Lecchini Danielle L. Dixson Peter F. Cowman Andrea Manica 《Ecology letters》2019,22(2):256-264
Mutualisms are important ecological interactions that underpin much of the world's biodiversity. Predation risk has been shown to regulate mutualism dynamics in species‐specific case studies; however, we lack studies which investigate whether predation can also explain broader patterns of mutualism evolution. We report that fish‐anemone mutualisms have evolved on at least 55 occasions across 16 fish families over the past 60 million years and that adult body size is associated with the ontogenetic stage of anemone mutualisms: larger‐bodied species partner with anemones as juveniles, while smaller‐bodied species partner with anemones throughout their lives. Field and laboratory studies show that predators target smaller prey, that smaller fishes associate more with anemones, and that these relationships confer protection to small fishes. Our results indicate that predation is likely driving the recurrent convergent evolution of fish‐anemone mutualisms and suggest that similar ecological processes may have selected convergence in interspecies interactions in other animal clades. 相似文献
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Currently available genetic and archaeological evidence is generally interpreted as supportive of a recent single origin of modern humans in East Africa. However, this is where the near consensus on human settlement history ends, and considerable uncertainty clouds any more detailed aspect of human colonization history. Here, we present a dynamic genetic model of human settlement history coupled with explicit geographical distances from East Africa, the likely origin of modern humans. We search for the best-supported parameter space by fitting our analytical prediction to genetic data that are based on 52 human populations analyzed at 783 autosomal microsatellite markers. This framework allows us to jointly estimate the key parameters of the expansion of modern humans. Our best estimates suggest an initial expansion of modern humans approximately 56,000 years ago from a small founding population of approximately 1,000 effective individuals. Our model further points to high growth rates in newly colonized habitats. The general fit of the model with the data is excellent. This suggests that coupling analytical genetic models with explicit demography and geography provides a powerful tool for making inferences on human-settlement history. 相似文献
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High levels of extracellular ATP lead to chronic inflammatory response in melanoma patients 下载免费PDF全文
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Andrea Manica 《Animal behaviour》2004,67(6):1015-1021
Partial filial cannibalism, the act of cannibalizing some offspring, has been explained as a response to the high energetic cost of care. I tested this hypothesis by manipulating the cost-to-benefit ratio of care in the scissortail sergeant, Abudefduf sexfasciatus, a tropical damselfish with male care. Background egg mortality was lower than the incidence of cannibalism, confirming that males did not just dispose of dead eggs. Investment in the current brood affected future investment, because males forced to skip a brood cycle put more effort into courtship during the following cycle and obtained larger broods than did unmanipulated males. Any factor influencing the cost-to-benefit ratio of parental care should also affect the incidence of cannibalism. I reduced the cost of care by supplementary feeding and reduced the benefit of care by simulating a decrease in paternity certainty through simulated intrusions by non-nesting males. Supplementary feeding significantly reduced partial filial cannibalism by parental males, a result compatible with the hypothesis that eggs are consumed to cover the energetic costs of parental care. Cannibalism decreased regardless of whether males were fed with conspecific eggs or crabmeat. Cannibalism was only reduced but not fully eliminated by supplementary feeding, and residual levels of cannibalism after feeding were similar to the background rate of egg mortality. Simulated intrusions by non-nesting males led to an increase in filial cannibalism and a decrease in parental effort. 相似文献
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Kazuyuki Tanabe Toshihiro Mita Thibaut Jombart Anders Eriksson Shun Horibe Nirianne Palacpac Lisa Ranford-Cartwright Hiromi Sawai Naoko Sakihama Hiroshi Ohmae Masatoshi Nakamura Marcelo U. Ferreira Ananias A. Escalante Franck Prugnolle Anders Björkman Anna Färnert Akira Kaneko Toshihiro Horii Andrea Manica Hirohisa Kishino Francois Balloux 《Current biology : CB》2010,20(14):1283-1289
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Individuals differ genetically in their susceptibility to particular diseases and their response to drugs. However, personalized treatments are difficult to develop, because disease susceptibility and drug response generally have poorly characterized genetic architecture. It is thus tempting to use the ethnicity of patients to capture some of the variation in allele frequencies at the genes underlying a clinical trait. The success of such a strategy depends on whether human populations can be accurately classified into discrete genetic ethnic groups. Despite the heated discussions and controversies surrounding this issue, there has been essentially no attempt so far to quantify the relative power of ethnic groups and geography at predicting the proportion of shared alleles between human populations. Here, we present the first such quantification using a dataset of 51 populations typed at 377 autosomal microsatellite markers, and show that pair-wise geographic distances across landmasses constitute a far better predictor than ethnicity. Allele-sharing between human populations worldwide decays smoothly with increasing physical distance. We discuss the relevance of these patterns for the expected distribution of variants of medical interest. The distribution patterns of gene coding for simple traits are expected to be highly heterogeneous, as most such genes experienced strong natural selection. However, variants involved in complex traits are expected to behave essentially neutrally, and we expect them to fit closely our predictions based on microsatellites. We conclude that the use of ethnicity alone will often be inadequate as a basis for medical treatment. 相似文献