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1.
Nicotine and cannabinoids as adjuncts to neuroleptics in the treatment of Tourette syndrome and other motor disorders 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
D E Moss P Z Manderscheid S P Montgomery A B Norman P R Sanberg 《Life sciences》1989,44(21):1521-1525
Animal studies suggest nicotine and cannabinoids may significantly enhance the therapeutic value of neuroleptics in motor disorders. This was recently demonstrated in humans by the finding that chewing nicotine gum produced striking relief from tics and other symptoms of Tourette syndrome not controlled by neuroleptic treatment alone. It appears that the use of nicotine or cannabinoids may greatly improve the clinical response to neuroleptics in motor disorders. 相似文献
2.
The effects of the trichothecene mycotoxins (acetyl T-2 toxin, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, palmityl T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), deoxynivalenol (DON), and T-2 tetraol) on bovine platelet function were examined in homologous plasma stimulated with platelet activating factor (PAF). The mycotoxins inhibited platelet function with the following order of potency: acetyl T-2 toxin > palmityl T-2 toxin = DAS > HT-2 toxin = T-2 toxin. While T-2 tetraol was completely ineffective as an inhibitor, DON exhibited minimal inhibitory activity at concentrations above 10×10?4M. The stability of the platelet aggregates formed was significantly reduced in all mycotoxin treated platelets compared to that of the untreated PAF controls. It is suggested that the increased sensitivity of PAF stimulated bovine platelets to the more lipophilic mycotoxins may be related to their more efficient partitioning into the platelet membrane compared to the more hydrophilic compounds. 相似文献
3.
Schenk U.; Manderscheid R.; Hugen J.; Weigel H.J. 《Journal of experimental botany》1995,46(8):987-993
Seedlings of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Parcour)and white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Karina) grown at fivedifferent plant densities were exposed to ambient (390 ppm)and elevated (690 ppm) CO2 concentrations. After 43 d the effectsof CO2 enrichment and plant density on growth of shoot and root,nitrogen concentration of tissue, and microbial biomass carbon(Cmic) in soil were determined. CO2 enrichment of Lolium perenneincreased shoot growth on average by 17% independent of plantdensity, while effects on root biomass ranged between -4% and+ 107% due to an interaction with plant density. Since tilernumber per plant was unaffected by elevated CO2, the small responseof shoot growth to CO2 enrichment was atributed to low sinkstrength. A significant correlation between nitrogen concentrationof total plant biomass and root fraction of total plant drymatter, which was not changed by CO2 enrichment, indicates thatnitrogen status of the plant controls biomass partitioning andthe effect of CO2 enrichment on root growth. Effects of elevatedCO2 and plant density on shoot and root growth of Trifoliumrepens were not significantly interacting and mean CO2-relatedincrease amounted to 29% and 66%, respectively. However, growthenhancement due to elevated CO2 was strongest when leaf areaindex was lowest. Total amounts of nitrogen in shoots and rootswere bigger at 690 ppm than at 390 ppm CO2. There was a significantincrease in Cmic in experiments with both species whereas plantdensity had no substantial effect. Key words: CO2 enrichment, intraspecific competition, biomass partitioning, Lolium perenne, Trifolium repens, grassland 相似文献
4.
目的:探讨280例胃食管反流病(GERD)的分布特点及危险因素。方法:对临床诊断和胃镜确诊的280例GERD患者进行临床和风险因子相关性分析。结果:不论汉族还是维族,男性患者比例均明显高于女性;汉族患者高发年龄段早于维族患者(z=-2.939,P=0.003,);汉族和维族患者占反流性食管炎和Barrett食管比例分别为42.4%、81_3%及56.5%、18.8%,其中汉族患者Barrett食管比例较高(X2=14.358,P=0.000);肥胖、习惯性便秘、重体力活动者、饮食习惯不良在维族患者中的比例较高(P〈0.001)。结论:GERD与性别、年龄密切相关,男性多于女性,汉族患者发病年龄高峰旱于维族患者;汉族患者Barrett食管发生比例高于维族患者;肥胖、习惯性便秘、重体力活动、饮食习惯不良可能是GERD尤其是维族人群GERD的危险因素。 相似文献
5.
Monitoring programs of ion concentrations and fluxes in semi-natural ecosystems are confronted with the task to gain as much information as possible with simultaneously minimizing costs and efforts. The aim of this study was (i) to assess how much of the heterogeneity of solution concentrations is lost because of temporal integration of measurements and (ii) to estimate the error in ion fluxes due to temporal integration. High resolution measurements (daily interval) of ion concentrations (sulfate, nitrate, chloride, pH and EC) in throughfall, soil solutions and runoff at the catchment Lehstenbach (Fichtelgebirge, Northeast Bavaria, Germany) were compared over a two year period with the reference monitoring program (biweekly measurement interval). Evaluation of the maximum temporal heterogeneity of ion concentrations in throughfall, soil solution and runoff (expressed as minimum, maximum, median and 25–75% percentile) did not result in an overall higher heterogeneity of the high resolution measurements compared to the reference program. The calculation of runoff fluxes from the reference data (biweekly concentration) resulted in significant errors of up to 25% for time periods < 1 year (high resolution data was considered the "true" value and set as 100%). However, errors became minor (< 10%) if longer time periods were considered. The suitability of different interpolation methods to up-scale biweekly concentration data for the calculation of runoff fluxes was evaluated in this study. We concluded for the monitoring programs at the Lehstenbach catchment that a biweekly measurement interval seemed to be suitable to capture the heterogeneity of ion concentrations and fluxes (and thus temporal trends). In comparison, high resolution measurements with a daily measurement interval were higher in cost, work and time resources and had a relatively low information gain. While the introduced methods are applicable in all monitoring programs, conclusions on temporal resolution of measurements are most likely not valid for systems where ion concentrations have a low autocorrelation length (e.g., agricultural or urban systems with nitrate or pesticide treatment; tropical systems with extreme temperature or hydrological events). 相似文献
6.
Jolanda?HM?van Bilsen Josée?PA?Wagenaar-Hilbers Maarten?JF?van der Cammen Mariska?EA?van Dijk Willem?van Eden Marca?HM?WaubenEmail author 《Arthritis research & therapy》2002,4(4):R2
We have recently found that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are targets for T-cell and B-cell reactivity in experimental
arthritis. In the present article, we investigate whether modulation of MMP-specific T-cell responses could influence the
course of adjuvant arthritis (AA). Lewis rats were treated nasally with MMP peptides prior to or after AA induction. Administration
of the MMP-10 or the MMP-16 peptide prior to AA induction reduced the arthritic symptoms. In contrast, administration of the
MMP-10 peptide after AA induction aggravated the arthritic symptoms. The present study shows the possible usefulness of MMP
peptides for immunotherapy. However, a clear understanding of proper timing of peptide administration is crucial for the development
of such therapies. 相似文献
7.
Characterization of terminal NeuNAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc sequence in lipooligosaccharides of Neisseria meningitidis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Group B and C Neisseria meningitidis are the major cause of meningococcal
disease in the United States and in Europe. N . meningitidis
lipooligosaccharide (LOS), a major surface antigen, can be divided into 12
immunotypes of which L1 through L8 were found among Group B and C
organisms. Groups B and C but not Group A may sialylate their LOSs with
N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc) at the nonreducing end because they
synthesize CMP-NeuNAc. Using sialic acid-galactose binding lectins as
probes in an ELISA format, six of the eight LOS immunotypes (L2, L3, L4,
L5, L7, and L8) in Groups B and C bound specifically to Maackia amurensis
leukoagglutinin (MAL), which recognizes NeuNAcalpha2- 3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc/Glc
sequence, but not to Sambucus nigra agglutinin, which binds
NeuNAcalpha2-6Gal sequence. The combination of SDS-PAGE and MAL-blot
analyses revealed that these six LOSs contained only the
NeuNAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc trisaccharide sequence in their 4.1 kDa LOS
components, which have a common terminal lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT,
Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc) structure when nonsialylated as shown
by previous studies. The LOS-lectin binding was abolished when the LOSs
were treated with Newcastle disease viral neuraminidase which cleaves
alpha2-->3 linked sialic acid. Methylation analysis of a representative
LOS (L2) confirmed that NeuNAc is 2-->3 linked to Gal. Thus, these LOSs
structurally mimic certain glycolipids, i.e., paragloboside (LNnT-ceramide)
and sialylparagloboside and some glycoproteins in having LNnT and
N-acetyllactosamine sequences, respectively, with or without alpha2-->3
linked NeuNAc. The molecular mimicry of the LOSs may play a role in the
pathogenesis of N.meningitidis by assisting the organism to evade host
immune defenses in man.
相似文献
8.
9.
We investigated the role of the main olfactory and accessory olfactory systems (MOS and AOS respectively) in the detection of androstenone. We used the following experimental approaches: behavioral, surgical removal of the vomeronasal organ (VNX) followed by histochemical verification and Fos immunohistochemistry. Using a Y-maze paradigm we estimated sensitivity of NZB/B1NJ and CBA/J mice to androstenone. CBA mice were 2,000-fold more sensitive to androstenone than NZB mice. VNX caused a 4- to 16-fold decre... 相似文献
10.
Assessing and reporting heterogeneity in treatment effects in clinical trials: a proposal 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
David M Kent Peter M Rothwell John PA Ioannidis Doug G Altman Rodney A Hayward 《Trials》2010,11(1):1-11