MicroRNA-21与平滑肌蛋白22α在哈萨克族食管癌组织中的表达及其临床病理学意义

目的探讨microRNA21与SM22a基因在哈萨克族食管癌发生发展中的作用及临床意义。方法免疫组织化学法检测162例石蜡包埋食管鳞状细胞癌组织及RT-PCR方法检测47例哈萨克族食管癌标本中microRNA21、SM22a表达水平,分析这些基因与临床病理特征的关系。结果SM22a在162例食管鳞癌组织中的阳性表达率(87.0%)显著高于食管正常黏膜组织(36.0%);在47例哈萨克族食管癌组织中,SM22a表达水平较远端无癌组织增高。与远端无癌组织相比,microRNA21在哈萨克族食管癌组织中表达水平增高。MicroRNA21高表达与分化程度、淋巴结转移、临床分期相关,SM22a高表达与临床分期相关、淋巴结转移相关;microRNA21与SM22a的表达呈正相关。结论MicroRNA21、SM22a协同高表达共同参与哈萨克族食管癌的侵袭发展过程。     

瘤胃中纤维素分解菌的分离、鉴定及其产酶条件的优化

[目的]从新疆细毛羊、牛和骆驼瘤胃液中分离出具有分解纤维素能力的好氧细菌,用于绿色粗饲料微生物添加剂的研发.[方法]采取新鲜瘤胃液,接种于羧甲基纤维素钠平板,通过刚果红染色和液体复筛培养基,筛选出分解纤维素能力强的好氧细菌;形态学、生理生化试验与16S rDNA序列分析方法相结合对细菌进行鉴定;同时对纤维素分解能力强的4株细菌进行不同条件下酶活力测定.[结果]共分离到84株具有分解纤维素能力的细菌,其中筛选出较强分解纤维素能力的40株.该菌包括37株G-菌和3株G+菌;经鉴定40株纤维素分解菌分别属于6个属10个种,其中16株为寡养单胞菌属,10株为苍白杆菌属,5株为鞘氨醇杆菌属,3株为微杆菌属,3株为副球菌属,2株为假单胞菌属.其中产酶能力强的4株菌在不同条件下的酶活力表明,它们在最佳碳源为秸秆粉、pH5.5-6.0的偏中性条件和37℃培养条件下的酶活力较高.不同菌株对不同纤维素类物质的分解能力不一样,同一菌株对不同纤维素碳源的利用能力也不相同.[结论]分离获得的瘤胃纤维素分解菌是从新疆不同地区、干旱半干旱环境下饲养的动物胃液中分离、筛选出来的,有较强的纤维素分解能力,将为高品质、高消化率的青贮饲料生产提供优质菌种资源及一定的科学依据.     

Structure-Activity Relationship of a U-Type Antimicrobial Microemulsion System

The structure-activity relationship of a U-type antimicrobial microemulsion system containing glycerol monolaurate and ethanol at a 1∶1 mass ratio as oil phase and Tween 20 as surfactant were investigated along a water dilution line at a ratio of 80∶20 mass% surfactant/oil phase, based on a pseudo-ternary phase diagram. The differential scanning calorimetry results showed that in the region of up to 33% water, all water molecules are confined to the hydrophilic core of the reverse micelles, leading to the formation of w/o microemulsion. As the water content increases, the water gains mobility, and transforms into bicontinuous in the region of 33–39% water, and finally the microemulsion become o/w in the region of above 39% water. The microstructure characterization was confirmed by the dynamic light scattering measurements and freeze-fracture transmission electron microscope observation. The antimicrobial activity assay using kinetics of killing analysis demonstrated that the microemulsions in w/o regions exhibited relatively high antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus due to the antimicrobial oil phase as the continuous phase, while the antimicrobial activity started to decrease when the microemulsions entered the bicontinuous region, and decreased rapidly as the water content increased in the o/w region, as a result of the dilution of antimicrobial oil droplets in the aqueous continuous phase.     

Comparative Study of Surface-Active Properties and Antimicrobial Activities of Disaccharide Monoesters

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of sugar or fatty acid in sugar ester compounds on the surface-active properties and antimicrobial activities of these compounds. Disaccharides of medium-chain fatty acid monoesters were synthesized through transesterifications by immobilized lipase (Lipozyme TLIM) to yield nine monoesters for subsequent study. Their antimicrobial activities were investigated using three pathogenic microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Candida albicans. Their surface-active properties including air–water surface tension, critical micelle concentration, and foaming and emulsion power and stability were also studied. The results showed that all of the tested monoesters were more effective against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacterium) than against Escherichia coli O157:H7 (Gram-negative bacterium). The results demonstrated that the carbon chain length was the most important factor influencing the surface properties, whereas degree of esterification and hydrophilic groups showed little effect.     

饲料乳酸菌的分离鉴定及优良菌株筛选

对从饲料玉米、高粱、麦秆及棉花中筛选出的乳酸菌进行分类鉴定和综合性分析。用MRS+CaCO3固体培养基从棉花中分离出乳酸菌18株、高粱中30株、饲料玉米中18株、麦秆中18株。经形态学、生理生化试验进行初步鉴定并按产酸试验,耐盐及耐酸试验挑选出32株产酸率强的乳酸菌对其进行16S rDNA分子鉴定。结果显示,32株菌都具有良好的耐盐、耐酸能力;经生理生化和16S rDNA基因序列鉴定可知32株乳酸菌分属于两个属,即乳杆菌属、肠球菌属,4个种,即干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacilluscasei)、肠道球菌(Entercoccus faecium)、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、海氏肠球菌(Entercoccus hirae)。4种饲料原料中肠道球菌普遍存在。除了这种乳酸菌以外,棉花有干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、海氏肠球菌,玉米和麦秆内有植物乳杆菌。从饲料中筛选出4株具有较强产酸能力的乳酸菌,可进一步研发成青贮饲料添加剂。