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1.
Surface sediment samples taken by ? corer from 45 stations on the Norwegian continental margin and in the Norway Basin have been investigated for their benthic foraminiferal content. Unlike previous studies, the living benthic foraminiferal fauna was differentiated from empty tests comprising the foraminiferal death assemblage. Factor analysis of both the living and dead faunal data reveals six living species assemblages and five corresponding dead assemblages. The additional living assemblage is characterized by the arenaceous speciesCribrostomoides subglobosum that dominates between 1400 and 2000 m water depth, but is rare in the dead faunal data.Trifarina angulosa and, to a lesser extent,Cibicides lobatulus characterize the shallowest foraminiferal assemblage from 200 to 600 m water depth, where it is associated with strong bottom currents and warm, saline Atlantic water of the North Atlantic Drift. On the slope between 600 and 1200 m water depth, theMelonis zaandami Species Assemblage dominates, particularly in areas characterized today by rapid sedimentation of terrigeneous material. Between 1000 and 1400 m depth, where the slope is covered by fine grained, organic-rich, terrigeneous mud, the living foraminiferal assemblage is characterized byCassidulina teretis andPullenia bulloides. Below 1400 m, three foraminiferal assemblages are found:C. subglobosum is found from 1400 to 2000 m,Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi andEpistominella exigua predominantly live from 2000 to 3000 m water depth, and below 3000 m,Oridorsalis umbonatus andTriloculina frigida dominate the fauna.All of theElphidium excavatum tests found in this study and theCassidulina reniforme tests found above 500 m water depth were found to be reworked.Analysis of the sediment grain-size distribution and the organic carbon content in surface samples from the deepest stations suggest that the abundance ofC. wuellerstorfi andE. exigua is positively correlated to relatively coarse (caused by planktic foraminifera) and organic-rich sediments, whereas high frequencies ofO. umbonatus andT. frigida coincide with low organic carbon content. We suggest thatC. wuellerstorfi is adapted to deep-sea environments with relatively high food supply, tolerating relatively low interstitial water oxygen content, whereasO. umbonatus may tolerate lower food supply prefering well-oxygenated interstitial waters. 相似文献
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3.
Marie GB Hansen Mette Christoffersen Line R Thuesen Morten R Petersen Anders M Bojesen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2010,52(1):3
Background
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum are able to infect horses. However, the extend to which Danish horses are infected and seroconvert due to these two bacteria is unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of B. burgdorferi sensu lato and A. phagocytophilum in Danish horses.Methods
A total of 390 blood samples collected from all major regions of Denmark and with a geographical distribution corresponding to the density of the Danish horse population were analyzed. All samples were examined for the presence of antibodies against B. burgdorferi sensu lato and A. phagocytophilum by the use of the SNAP®4DX ® ELISA test.Results
Overall, 29.0% of the horses were seropositive for B. burgdorferi sensu lato whereas 22.3% were seropositive for A. phagocytophilum.Conclusions
Antibodies against B burgdorferi sensu lato and A. phagocytophilum are commonly found among Danish horses thus showing that Danish horses are frequently infected by these organisms.4.
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6.
Homing of intravenously and intralymphatically injected human dendritic cells generated in vitro from CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Andreas Mackensen Thomas Krause Uli Blum Peter Uhrmeister Roland Mertelsmann Albrecht Lindemann 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1999,48(2-3):118-122
Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells that can be generated in vitro from CD34+ peripheral blood progenitor cells by recombinant cytokines. These cells have potential implications for immunotherapeutic
approaches in the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Physiologically, immature DC in the periphery capture and process
antigens, then mature to interdigitating DC and migrate to lymphoid organs, where they activate lymphocytes. However, it is
not known if DC generated in vitro have the capacity to traffic in vivo to the lymphoid tissues, such as spleen and lymph
nodes. We have investigated whether human radiolabeled DC differentiated in vitro migrate and localize to lymphoid tissues
after intravenous and intralymphatic injection. The distribution and localization of the DC were evaluated in five patients
with malignant melanoma using serial whole-body gamma camera imaging. Intravenously infused DC demonstrated transient lung
uptake followed by localization in the spleen and liver for at least 7 days. DC injected into a lymphatic vessel at the dorsal
foot were rapidly detected in the draining lymph nodes where they remained for more than 24 h. These data suggest that DC
differentiated in vitro localize preferentially to lymphoid tissue, where they could induce specific immune responses.
Received: 28 January 1999 / Accepted: 4 March 1999 相似文献
7.
The sediment cores 225514 and 225510 were recovered from 420 and 285 m water depth, respectively. They were investigated for their benthic foraminiferal δ13C during the last 500 years. Both cores were recovered from the southern flank of the Skagerrak. The δ13C values of Uvigerina mediterranea and other shallow infaunal species in both cores indicate that organic matter rain rates to the seafloor varied around a mean value until approximately AD 1950 after which they increased. This increase might result from changes in the North Atlantic Current System and a co-occurring persistently high North Atlantic Oscillation index state in the 1980s to 1990s, rather than from anthropogenic eutrophication. Using δ13C mean values of multiple species, we reconstruct δ13C gradients of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) within pore waters for the time periods AD 1500 to 1950 and AD 1950 to 2000. The calculated δ13CDIC ranges, interpreted as indicating total organic matter remineralization due to respiration, are generally bigger in Core 225514 than in Core 225510. Since mean δ13C values of U. mediterranea suggest that organic matter rain rates were similar at both locations, differences in total organic matter remineralization are attributed to differing oxygen availability. However, oxygen concentrations in the overlying bottom water masses are not likely to have differed significantly. Thus, we suggest that organic matter remineralization was controlled by oxygen availability within the sediments, reflecting strong differences in sedimentation rates at the two investigated core sites. Based on the assumptions that tests of benthic foraminiferal species inhabiting the same microhabitat depth should show equal δ13C values unless they are affected by vital effects and that Globobulimina turgida records pore water δ13CDIC, we estimate microhabitat-corrected vital effects for several species with respect to G. turgida: > 0.7‰ for Cassidulina laevigata, > 1.3‰ for Hyalinea balthica, and > 0.7‰ for Melonis barleeanus. Melonis zaandami seems to closely record pore water δ13CDIC. 相似文献
8.
Voelkl S Moore TV Rehli M Nishimura MI Mackensen A Fischer K 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》2009,58(5):709-718
The immune attack against malignant tumors require the concerted action of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) as well as CD4+ T helper cells. The contribution of T cell receptor (TCR) αβ+ CD4− CD8− double-negative (DN) T cells to anti-tumor immune responses is widely unknown. In previous studies, we have demonstrated
that DN T cells with a broad TCR repertoire are present in humans in the peripheral blood and the lymph nodes of healthy individuals.
Here, we characterize a human DN T cell clone (T4H2) recognizing an HLA-A2-restricted melanoma-associated antigenic gp100-peptide
isolated from the peripheral blood of a melanoma patient. Antigen recognition by the T4H2 DN clone resulted in specific secretion
of IFN-γ and TNF. Although lacking the CD8 molecule the gp100-specifc DN T cell clone was able to confer antigen-specific
cytotoxicity against gp100-loaded target cells as well as HLA-A2+ gp100 expressing melanoma cells. The cytotoxic capacity was found to be perforin/granzymeB-dependent. Together, these data
indicate that functionally active antigen-specific DN T cells recognizing MHC class I-restricted tumor-associated antigen
(TAA) may contribute to anti-tumor immunity in vivo.
A. Mackensen and K. Fischer contributed equally to this work and should be considered joint senior authors. This work was
supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (MA 1351/5-1, KFO 146) and NIH grants CA90873, CA102280, 104947 (MIN).
Companion paper: “Relationship between CD8-dependent antigen recognition, T cell functional avidity, and tumor cell recognition”
by Tamson V. Moore et al. doi: . 相似文献
9.
María Fernanda Lammoglia Cobo Julia Ritter Regina Gary Volkhard Seitz Josef Mautner Michael Aigner Simon Vlkl Stefanie Schaffer Stephanie Moi Anke Seegebarth Heiko Bruns Wolf Rsler Kerstin Amann Maike Büttner-Herold Steffen Hennig Andreas Mackensen Michael Hummel Andreas Moosmann Armin Gerbitz 《PLoS pathogens》2022,18(4)
Reconstitution of the T cell repertoire after allogeneic stem cell transplantation is a long and often incomplete process. As a result, reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a frequent complication that may be treated by adoptive transfer of donor-derived EBV-specific T cells. We generated donor-derived EBV-specific T cells by stimulation with peptides representing defined epitopes covering multiple HLA restrictions. T cells were adoptively transferred to a patient who had developed persisting high titers of EBV after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). T cell receptor beta (TCRβ) deep sequencing showed that the T cell repertoire of the patient early after transplantation (day 60) was strongly reduced and only very low numbers of EBV-specific T cells were detectable. Manufacturing and in vitro expansion of donor-derived EBV-specific T cells resulted in enrichment of EBV epitope-specific, HLA-restricted T cells. Monitoring of T cell clonotypes at a molecular level after adoptive transfer revealed that the dominant TCR sequences from peptide-stimulated T cells persisted long-term and established an EBV-specific TCR clonotype repertoire in the host, with many of the EBV-specific TCRs present in the donor. This reconstituted repertoire was associated with immunological control of EBV and with lack of further AITL relapse. 相似文献
10.
Lisa Borkner Andrew Kaiser Willeke van de Kasteele Reinhard Andreesen Andreas Mackensen John B. Haanen Ton N. Schumacher Christian Blank 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》2010,59(8):1173-1183
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT), either using rapidly expanded tumor infiltrating lymphocytes or T-cell receptor transduced peripheral
blood lymphocytes, can be considered one of the most promising approaches in cancer immunotherapy. ACT results in the repopulation
of the host with high frequencies of tumor-specific T cells; however, optimal function of these cells within the tumor micro-environment
is required to reach long-term tumor clearance. We and others have shown that ongoing anti-tumor immune responses can be impaired
by the expression of ligands, such as PD-L1 (B7-H1) on tumor cells. Such inhibitory molecules can affect T cells at the effector
phase via their receptor PD-1. PD-L1/PD-1 interaction has indeed been shown crucial in inducing T-cell anergy and maintaining
peripheral tolerance. In order to maximize anti-tumor responses, antibodies that target the PD-1/PD-L1 axis are currently
in phase I/II trials. Alternatively, a more refined approach could be the selective targeting of PD-1 in tumor-specific T
cells to obtain long-term resistance against PD-1-mediated inhibition. We addressed whether this goal could be achieved by
means of retroviral siRNA delivery. Effective siRNA sequences resulting in the reduction of surface PD-1 expression led to
improved murine as well as human T-cell immune functions in response to PD-L1 expressing melanoma cells. These data suggest
that blockade of PD-1-mediated T-cell inhibition through siRNA forms a promising approach to achieve long-lasting enhancement
of tumor-specific T-cell function in adoptive T-cell therapy protocols. 相似文献