排序方式: 共有32条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Selective-Differential Medium for Isolation and Differentiation of Pectinatus from Other Brewery Microorganisms 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Applied microbiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
An agar medium, LL-agar (lactate-lead acetate) was designed to selectively differentiate members of the genus Pectinatus (S. Y. Lee, M. S. Mabee, and N. O. Jangaard, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 28:582-594, 1978; S. Y. Lee, M. S. Mabee, N. O. Jangaard, and E. K. Horiuchi, J. Inst. Brew. 86:28-30, 1980) from other brewery microorganisms. Selectivity was achieved by the use of sodium lactate as the sole source of carbon and phenylethyl alcohol as an inhibitor for aerobic gram-negative bacteria and yeast. Differentiation was established by the introduction of lead acetate into the medium, which reacted with the H2S liberated by Pectinatus and resulted in a blackening of the Pectinatus colonies while the other brewery organisms, when present, remained white. In combination with the Lee tube (J. E. Ogg, S. Y. Lee, and B. J. Ogg, Can. J. Microbiol. 25:987-990, 1979) and this medium, isolation of Pectinatus organisms from beer samples was accomplished with convenience and simplicity. 相似文献
3.
Robert E. Druzinsky James P. Balhoff Alfred W. Crompton James Done Rebecca Z. German Melissa A. Haendel Anthony Herrel Susan W. Herring Hilmar Lapp Paula M. Mabee Hans-Michael Muller Christopher J. Mungall Paul W. Sternberg Kimberly Van Auken Christopher J. Vinyard Susan H. Williams Christine E. Wall 《PloS one》2016,11(2)
Background
In recent years large bibliographic databases have made much of the published literature of biology available for searches. However, the capabilities of the search engines integrated into these databases for text-based bibliographic searches are limited. To enable searches that deliver the results expected by comparative anatomists, an underlying logical structure known as an ontology is required.Development and Testing of the Ontology
Here we present the Mammalian Feeding Muscle Ontology (MFMO), a multi-species ontology focused on anatomical structures that participate in feeding and other oral/pharyngeal behaviors. A unique feature of the MFMO is that a simple, computable, definition of each muscle, which includes its attachments and innervation, is true across mammals. This construction mirrors the logical foundation of comparative anatomy and permits searches using language familiar to biologists. Further, it provides a template for muscles that will be useful in extending any anatomy ontology. The MFMO is developed to support the Feeding Experiments End-User Database Project (FEED, https://feedexp.org/), a publicly-available, online repository for physiological data collected from in vivo studies of feeding (e.g., mastication, biting, swallowing) in mammals. Currently the MFMO is integrated into FEED and also into two literature-specific implementations of Textpresso, a text-mining system that facilitates powerful searches of a corpus of scientific publications. We evaluate the MFMO by asking questions that test the ability of the ontology to return appropriate answers (competency questions). We compare the results of queries of the MFMO to results from similar searches in PubMed and Google Scholar.Results and Significance
Our tests demonstrate that the MFMO is competent to answer queries formed in the common language of comparative anatomy, but PubMed and Google Scholar are not. Overall, our results show that by incorporating anatomical ontologies into searches, an expanded and anatomically comprehensive set of results can be obtained. The broader scientific and publishing communities should consider taking up the challenge of semantically enabled search capabilities. 相似文献4.
5.
Kara McCormick Zhiyong Jiang Longchao Zhu Steven R. Lawson Robert Langenhorst Russell Ransburgh Colin Brunick Miranda C. Tracy Heather R. Hurtig Leah M. Mabee Mark Mingo Yanhua Li Richard J. Webby Victor C. Huber Ying Fang 《PloS one》2015,10(6)
Background and Objectives
Influenza A viruses cause highly contagious diseases in a variety of hosts, including humans and pigs. To develop a vaccine that can be broadly effective against genetically divergent strains of the virus, in this study we employed molecular breeding (DNA shuffling) technology to create a panel of chimeric HA genes.Methods and Results
Each chimeric HA gene contained genetic elements from parental swine influenza A viruses that had a history of zoonotic transmission, and also from a 2009 pandemic virus. Each parental virus represents a major phylogenetic clade of influenza A H1N1 viruses. Nine shuffled HA constructs were initially screened for immunogenicity in mice by DNA immunization, and one chimeric HA (HA-129) was expressed on both a A/Puerto Rico/8/34 backbone with mutations associated with a live, attenuated phenotype (PR8LAIV-129) and a A/swine/Texas/4199-2/98 backbone (TX98-129). When delivered to mice, the PR8LAIV-129 induced antibodies against all four parental viruses, which was similar to the breadth of immunity observed when HA-129 was delivered as a DNA vaccine. This chimeric HA was then tested as a candidate vaccine in a nursery pig model, using inactivated TX98-129 virus as the backbone. The results demonstrate that pigs immunized with HA-129 developed antibodies against all four parental viruses, as well as additional primary swine H1N1 influenza virus field isolates.Conclusion
This study established a platform for creating novel genes of influenza viruses using a molecular breeding approach, which will have important applications toward future development of broadly protective influenza virus vaccines. 相似文献6.
β-Glucosidase is frequently used to supplement cellulase preparations for hydrolysis of cellulosic and lignocellulosic substrates
in order to accelerate the conversion of cellobiose to glucose. Typically, commercial cellulase preparations are deficient
in this enzyme and accumulation of cellobiose leads to product inhibition. This study evaluates the potential for recycling
β-glucosidase by immobilization on a methacrylamide polymer carrier, Eupergit C. The immobilized β-glucosidase had improved
stability at 65 °C, relative to the free enzyme, while the profile of activity versus pH was unchanged. Immobilization resulted
in an increase in the apparent Km from 1.1 to 11 mm and an increase in Vmax from 296 to 2430 μmol mg−1 min−1. The effect of immobilized β-glucosidase on the hydrolysis of cellulosic and lignocellulosic substrates was comparable to
that of the free enzyme when used at the same level of protein. Operational stability of the immobilized β-glucosidase was
demonstrated during six rounds of lignocellulose hydrolysis.
Received 22 August 2005; Revisions requested 20 September 2005; Revisions received 8 November 2005; Accepted 10 November 2005 相似文献
7.
Further Characterization of Tissue Distribution and Metabolism of [14C]Aflatoxin B1 in Chickens
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Applied microbiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
John R. Chipley Michael S. Mabee Kenneth L. Applegate Mark S. Dreyfuss 《Applied microbiology》1974,28(6):1027-1029
The distribution and metabolism of [(14)C]aflatoxin B(1) in chicken tissues were further investigated. Previously dried and frozen ethyl acetate extracts of liver, heart, gizzard, breast, leg, blood, and fecal samples were obtained from either layer or broiler chickens fed subclinical levels of [(14)C]aflatoxin B(1). Treatment of these extracts with either carboxypeptidase A, leucine aminopeptidase, pepsin, or trypsin revealed that an average of 50% of the (14)C detected in the acetate extracts was a liberated peptide (or amino acid) conjugate of [(14)C]aflatoxin B(2a). When a prepared standard of B(2a) was made by incubation of B(1) with cold dilute aqueous HCl, the R(f) values and absorbance maxima were identical with those of the tissue extracts after enzymatic treatment. 相似文献
8.
The effects of administering low levels of aflatoxin B(1)-(14)C by crop intubation daily for 14 days to broiler chickens were determined. Studies on the distribution of (14)C in the blood, selected organs, tissues, and excreta were conducted. No toxic effects were observed in broiler chickens during the 14 days of the experiment. The broiler chickens excreted 90.64% of the (14)C administered. Of the (14)C retained, 11.04, 9.83, 4.30, 12.52, 31.66, and 30.63% were detected in the blood, liver, heart, gizzard, breast, and leg, respectively. Chemical assay of those samples demonstrating radioactivity revealed that 81.2% of the radioactivity in these substrates was not extractable by classical extraction procedures while approximately 10% was extractable. Treatment of aqueous extracts for conjugated steroids by treatments with beta-glucuronidase revealed that 31.5% of the (14)C detected in the aqueous extract was a liberated glucuronide conjugate of aflatoxin M(1)-(14)C. 相似文献
9.
10.
Comparison of methods to assess the enzyme accessibility and hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulosic substrates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Richard P. Chandra Shannon M. Ewanick Pablo A. Chung Kathy Au-Yeung Luis Del Rio Warren Mabee Jack N. Saddler 《Biotechnology letters》2009,31(8):1217-1222
Fiber size analysis, water retention value, and Simons’ stain measurements were assessed for their potential to predict the
susceptibility of a given substrate to enzymatic hydrolysis. Slight modifications were made to the fiber size analysis and
water retention protocols to adapt these measurements to evaluate substrates for cellulolytic hydrolysis rather than pulps
for papermaking. Lodgepole pine was pretreated by the steam and ethanol-organosolv processes under varying conditions. The
Simons’ stain procedure proved to be an effective method for indicating the potential ease of enzymatic hydrolysis of substrates
pretreated by either process or when the pretreatment conditions were altered. 相似文献