全文获取类型
收费全文 | 392篇 |
免费 | 13篇 |
出版年
2014年 | 5篇 |
2013年 | 11篇 |
2012年 | 7篇 |
2011年 | 9篇 |
2010年 | 15篇 |
2009年 | 15篇 |
2008年 | 10篇 |
2007年 | 16篇 |
2006年 | 14篇 |
2005年 | 14篇 |
2004年 | 6篇 |
2001年 | 7篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 16篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
1959年 | 6篇 |
1958年 | 6篇 |
1957年 | 6篇 |
1956年 | 6篇 |
1954年 | 9篇 |
1953年 | 14篇 |
1952年 | 3篇 |
1951年 | 5篇 |
1950年 | 4篇 |
1949年 | 4篇 |
1948年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有405条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Home range, dispersal and the clan system of impala 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M.G. MURRAY 《African Journal of Ecology》1982,20(4):253-269
2.
3.
Melanoma cells which have been isolated from metastatic melanoma tissue are able to survive and proliferate in serum supplemented media. In contrast, normal human melanocytes require the presence of growth stimulators if they are to survive in culture. A tumor promotor, 12–0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and substances that increase intracellular levels of cyclic-adenosine-monophosphate (cAMP), such as cholera toxin or isobutylmethyl xanthine, have been widely used for this purpose. The phorbol diester receptor was shown in 1982 to be the phospholipid- and calcium-dependent enzyme protein kinase C (PKC). We therefore directed our studies to the role of PKC regulation in the growth of normal human melanocytes and their transformation. Our studies show that while melanoma cells are inhibited by TPA, the growth of normal melanocytes is stimulated in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitor, 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methyl-piperizine dihydrochloride (H7), which has been found to be the most specific for PKC, had no effect on the growth of normal melanocytes, but inhibited the growth of melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. PKC was isolated from the membrane and cytosol of normal melanocytes and melanoma cells. The basal (resting) levels of PKC activity in normal melanocytes was low compared to that measured in melanoma cells, and after short-term (1 hour) treatment with TPA the PKC activity was greatest at the membrane, with the activity decreasing the cytosol. Upon prolonged (48 hours) treatment with TPA, this redistribution of activity continued in normal melanocytes and the total activity increased. In melanoma cells, however, the total PKC activity decreased, particularly in the membrane fraction. A difference in activity and distribution of the enzyme was also seen after short-term (1 hour) treatment with H7. There was very little effect seen on PKC in normal melanocytes; however, the effect on melanoma cells was similar to that seen after 48 hours of exposure to TPA with a decrease in total activity, particularly in the membrane fraction. These results indicate that the regulation of PKC, in particular its activation by TPA, is altered during the transformation of normal human melanocytes 相似文献
4.
Figs (Ficus spp.) and fig wasps (Chalcidoidea, Agaonidae): hypotheses for an ancient symbiosis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
MARTYN G. MURRAY 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1985,26(1):69-81
Figs and their pollinating fig wasps are dependent on one another for propagation of their own kinds. The wasps reproduce by ovipositing through the styles of female flowers within the closed fig receptacles (syconia). About half of the female flowers within the syconia of monoecious figs have styles which are longer than the ovipositors of the wasp, and they will therefore produce seeds rather than wasp larvae. Since a longer ovipositor would enable a wasp to reach more ovules and deposit more eggs, the question arises at to why longer ovipositors have not evolved.
In an attempt to answer this question, four seemingly plausible hypotheses are examined but each is shown to be problematical in some way. Consideration is then given to a fifth hypothesis which proposes that ovipositor length is constrained by abortion of syconia with relatively few seed embryos and many agaonid larvae. It is argued first that this pattern of abortion will be selected during a sustained period of heavy wasp infestation because seeds will then become scarce relative to pollen-carrying wasps. Increased expenditure by the fig on seed production would therefore be favoured by natural selection. A greater expenditure on seeds would occur if young syconia with exceptionally heavy wasp infestations were dropped and the saved nutrients invested in syconia of a subsequent crop containing average levels of wasp larvae and seeds. Provided that the energy and nutrient cost of dropping young syconia is small, the selective advantage to the wasp of longer ovipositors is eliminated in this way. A stable coexistence of figs and wasps is therefore possible. The paper concludes by discussing two general predictions of the abortion hypothesis, and how these may be tested. 相似文献
In an attempt to answer this question, four seemingly plausible hypotheses are examined but each is shown to be problematical in some way. Consideration is then given to a fifth hypothesis which proposes that ovipositor length is constrained by abortion of syconia with relatively few seed embryos and many agaonid larvae. It is argued first that this pattern of abortion will be selected during a sustained period of heavy wasp infestation because seeds will then become scarce relative to pollen-carrying wasps. Increased expenditure by the fig on seed production would therefore be favoured by natural selection. A greater expenditure on seeds would occur if young syconia with exceptionally heavy wasp infestations were dropped and the saved nutrients invested in syconia of a subsequent crop containing average levels of wasp larvae and seeds. Provided that the energy and nutrient cost of dropping young syconia is small, the selective advantage to the wasp of longer ovipositors is eliminated in this way. A stable coexistence of figs and wasps is therefore possible. The paper concludes by discussing two general predictions of the abortion hypothesis, and how these may be tested. 相似文献
5.
6.
Histone fraction V, which occurs uniquely in nucleated erythrocytes, is polymorphic. Homozygous and heterozygous examples involving glutamine and arginine at amino-acid No. 15 have been found in individual chickens. 相似文献
7.
8.
The phylogeny of Greya Busck (Lepidoptera: Prodoxidae) was inferred from
nucleotide sequence variation across a 765-bp region in the cytochrome
oxidase I and II genes of the mitochondrial genome. Most parsimonious
relationships of 25 haplotypes from 16 Greya species and two outgroup
genera (Tetragma and Prodoxus) showed substantial congruence with the
species relationships indicated by morphological variation. Differences
between mitochondrial and morphological trees were found primarily in the
positions of two species, G. variabilis and G. pectinifera, and in the
branching order of the three major species groups in the genus. Conflicts
between the data sets were examined by comparing levels of homoplasy in
characters supporting alternative hypotheses. The phylogeny of Greya
species suggests that host-plant association at the family level and larval
feeding mode are conservative characters. Transition/transversion ratios
estimated by reconstruction of nucleotide substitutions on the phylogeny
had a range of 2.0-9.3, when different subsets of the phylogeny were used.
The decline of this ratio with the increase in maximum sequence divergence
among taxa indicates that transitions are masked by transversions along
deeper internodes or long branches of the phylogeny. Among transitions,
substitutions of A-->G and T-->C outnumbered their reciprocal
substitutions by 2-6 times, presumably because of the approximately 4:1
(77%) A+T-bias in nucleotide base composition. Of all transversions,
73%-80% were A<-->T substitutions, 85% of which occurred at third
positions of codons; these estimates did not decrease with an increase in
maximum sequence divergence of taxa included in the analysis. The high
frequency of A<-->T substitutions is either a reflection or an
explanation of the 92% A+T bias at third codon positions.
相似文献
9.
10.