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1.
In disbudded epicotyl cuttings taken from light grown 5-dayold Azukia angularis Phaseolus angularis) seedlings, all adventitiousrootlets appeared on the second day of incubation. No root primordiawere observed within the first 24 hr and no increase in thenumber of roots occurred after 48 hr. Puromycin (5.5?105M), p-fluorophenylalanine (1?103M),2-thiouracil (2.3?104M) and 2,6-diaminopurine (2?105M)inhibited rooting when applied to cuttings on the second day,but showed no inhibition when applied on the first day. Unlike these inhibitors, pyrithiamine (7.2?105M) inhibitedrooting when it was applied to cuttings on the first day. A rooting promoting effect was observed with actinomycin D (2.4?106M),2,4-dinitrophenol (3?105M) and p-fluorophenylalanine(1?104M) applied to the cuttings on the first day, whereasindoleacetic acid (1.7?104M) showed its promoting effectmost effectively on the second day.
1Contribution No. 17 from the Botanical Gardens, Faculty ofScience, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. (Received June 4, 1969; ) 相似文献
2.
A high temperature treatment at 35? for 5 days followed by alow temperature treatment at 0-5? for 25 days was given at fifteen-dayintervals to five groups each of two varieties (White Gold andCardinal Prince) stored in a storage room from September 27to November 26. The temperature treatment was apparently effectivefor sprouting of corms of both varieties at earlier period,but rather inhibitory at later period of dormancy. The plants of two varieties (Early Red and Spot Light) grownunder short day-length (9 hr) showed slightly earlier floweringand corm-forming than those grown under natural long day-length.These plants were harvested from July 1 to Septmber 1 at twentydayintervals, and sprouting of their corms with and without temperaturetreatment similar to the previous method was investigated. SpotLight corms did not sprout irrespective of temperature treatment.Early Red corms always sprouted earlier in the temperature-treatedlots, whereas they sprouted a little later in the non-treatedlots. The temperature treated corms grown under the short day-lengthshowed delaying and low percentage of sprouting. On the contrary,in the non-treated lots, sprouting of corms grown under thelong day-length was slower than those grown under the shortday-length.
1Contribution No. 24 from Laboratory of Horticulture (Olericultureand Floriculture), Kyoto University. (Received May 23, 1960; ) 相似文献
3.
HIROSHI HAYASHI MASAZUMI SUGIMOTO NORIKO OSHIMA RYOZO FUJII 《Pigment cell & melanoma research》1993,6(1):29-36
The red abdominal skin of the neon tetra Paracheirodon innesi and the cardinal tetra P. axelrodi was found to blanch at night or in the dark. Melatonin added to the bathing medium caused blanching of the red skin. Microscopic observations of the erythrophores indicated that the erythrosomes aggregated in response to norepinephrine, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), and melatonin. Of these compounds, melatonin was the most effective. By contrast, many erythrophores were refractory to MCH. Alpha-melanophore-stimulating hormone, isoproterenol, adenosine, and ATP each caused dispersal of the pigment to some extent. Isoproterenol dispersed the pigment only when an alpha-adrenergic blocker, tolazoline, was present. It appears that the change in color of the abdominal skin is primarily due to increased secretion during the night of the pineal hormone melatonin, while other hormonal and nervous factors may modify the distribution of the pigment in the erythrophores. 相似文献
4.
NORIKO OSHIMA 《Development, growth & differentiation》1975,17(1):19-25
The electrokinetic potential of fertilized sea-urchin eggs, without the fertilization membrane and hyaline layer, was investigated by measuring the electrophoretic mobility of the eggs from fertilization to the second cleavage. A cyclic change in mobility was found to accompany the division cycle: the peak of the change was observed about 15 min before the appearance of both the first and second cleavage furrows.
A smaller peak was observed at 20–30 min after fertilization, but such a peak was not repeated between the first and the second cleavage.
Fertilized eggs with the fertilization membrane intact did not show a significant change in electrophoretic mobility throughout the division cycle. 相似文献
A smaller peak was observed at 20–30 min after fertilization, but such a peak was not repeated between the first and the second cleavage.
Fertilized eggs with the fertilization membrane intact did not show a significant change in electrophoretic mobility throughout the division cycle. 相似文献
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A new bioassay which employs disbudded epicotyl cuttings takenfrom light grown Azukia seedlings (A. angularis) was devisedfor testing rooting promotion activity. By use of this method,the rooting promoting principle in leaves of Portulaca grandiflorawas isolated and identified with portulal which had been previouslyobtained. Portulal was reported as an inhibitor of rooting inetiolated Raphanus cuttings and has recently been determinedto be a bicyclic diterpene containing a perhydroazulene nucleus.Portulal promoted the adventitious root formation in severalkinds of plants, i.e. Azukia angularis, Vigna Catiang var. sinensis,Phaseolus Mungo and Raphanus sativus var. acanthiformis Risodaikon. The rooting process in Azukia and Raphanus cuttings seems toinclude at least two phases; a "preparatory phase" or a portulal-and gibberellin-sensitive phase and a "main phase" or an auxin-sensitiveand portulal-insensitive phase.
1Contribution No. 16 from the Botanical Gardens, Faculty ofScience, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. (Received April 3, 1969; ) 相似文献
8.
SHIBAOKA HIROH; ANZAI TADASHI; MITSUHASHI MIEKO; SHIMOKORIYAMA MASAMI 《Plant & cell physiology》1967,8(4):647-656
- Heliangine at 1104 M promoted the adventitious rootformation in hypocotyls of cuttings taken from light-grown (1,900lux) Phaseolus mungo seedlings. The promotion was almost completelyreversed by 3104 M uracil, uridine, cytidine, oroticacid or 6104 M carbamoyl DL-aspartic acid, and partlyby 3104 M thymine or thymidine. Neither 3104M cytosine, adenine, adenosine, guanine, guanosine nor a combinationof 3104 M carbamoyl phosphate and 3104 M L-asparticacid reduced the promotion by heliangine.
- Uracil did not reducethe inhibiting effect of heliangine onthe indoleacetic acidinduced elongation of etiolated Avenacoleoptile sections.
- Helianginein an aqueous uracil solution was recovered unchangedafter24-hr incubation at room temperature.
- The root formation ofPhaseolus cuttings was promoted also by2-thiouracil and 5-fluorouracil.The effect was reversed byorotic acid or carbamoyl asparticacid, but not by carbamoylphosphate plus aspartic acid.
- Ribonucleaseat 100 µg/ml increased the number of rootsprotruded fromhypocotyls of cuttings by about 260%.
- A possible interpretationfor the promotion of root formationby heliangine is offered.
9.
A step towards understanding plant responses to multiple environmental stresses: a genome‐wide study
NASSER SEWELAM YOSHIMI OSHIMA NOBUTAKA MITSUDA MASARU OHME‐TAKAGI 《Plant, cell & environment》2014,37(9):2024-2035
In natural habitats, especially in arid areas, plants are often simultaneously exposed to multiple abiotic stresses, such as salt, osmotic and heat stresses. However, most analyses of gene expression in stress responses examine individual stresses. In this report, we compare gene expression in individual and combined stresses. We show that combined stress treatments with salt, mannitol and heat induce a unique pattern of gene expression that is not a simple merge of the individual stress responses. Under multiple stress conditions, expression of most heat and salt stress‐responsive genes increased to levels similar to or higher than those measured in single stress conditions, but osmotic stress‐responsive genes increased to lower levels. Genes up‐regulated to higher levels under multiple stress condition than single stress conditions include genes for heat shock proteins, heat shock regulators and late embryogenesis abundant proteins (LEAs), which protect other proteins from damage caused by stresses, suggesting their importance in multiple stress condition. Based on this analysis, we identify candidate genes for engineering crop plants tolerant to multiple stresses. 相似文献
10.
SOHEI KOBAYASHI FUMIKAZU AKAMATSU KUNIHIKO AMANO SATORU NAKANISHI YURIKA OSHIMA 《Freshwater Biology》2011,56(7):1434-1446
Summary 1. To understand longitudinal changes in the trophic base of benthic macroinvertebrates from mountain to lowland river sections, we investigated carbon stable isotopic compositions (δ13C) of macroinvertebrates and their food resources in riffles for four seasons at 14 sites along the main stem of the Toyo River, Japan. 2. At each site, δ13C was usually highest or nearly highest for periphyton (epilithic biofilm) and was lowest for transported leaf materials. Among macroinvertebrate groups, grazers usually had higher δ13C values than filterers or predators. 3. During all seasons, δ13C of periphyton and all macroinvertebrate groups increased downstream from mountain to upland sections, but decreased downstream from upland to lowland sections. In addition, the difference between grazer δ13C and filterer δ13C decreased from mountain to upland sections, but increased from upland to lowland sections. 4. The observed changes in δ13C of periphyton and macroinvertebrates from mountain to upland sections agree with previous reports: the δ13C of periphyton and consumers increased with stream size and productivity. The decrease in δ13C of periphyton and macroinvertebrates from upland to lowland sections has not been reported previously, and this may have resulted from an increased importance of terrestrial detritus relative to periphyton production in the lowland section, where riffles were infrequent and pools dominated the reach. 5. A simple mixing model of δ13C showed that grazers rely mostly on periphyton at all sites, whereas the importance of periphyton for filterers changed longitudinally increasing from mountain to upland sections and decreasing from upland to lowland sections. This longitudinal trend for filterers is possibly associated with the changes in the availability or quality of terrestrial detritus in transported particulate organic matter. 6. Longitudinal changes in the relative importance of autochthonous production and allochthonous detritus appear to be reflected in δ13C of riffle benthic communities. The longitudinal changes were not monotonic, and specific reach characteristics may be responsible for the greater importance of allochthonous detritus in mountain and lowland sections. 相似文献