Synergistic plant–microbe interactions between endophytic bacterial communities and the medicinal plant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glycyrrhiza uralensis</Emphasis> F.

Little is known about the composition, diversity, and geographical distribution of bacterial communities associated with medicinal plants in arid lands. To address this, a collection of 116 endophytic bacteria were isolated from wild populations of the herb Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch (licorice) in Xinyuan, Gongliu, and Tekesi of Xinjiang Province, China, and identified based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences. The endophytes were highly diverse, including 20 genera and 35 species. The number of distinct bacterial genera obtained from root tissues was higher (n?=?14) compared to stem (n?=?9) and leaf (n?=?6) tissue. Geographically, the diversity of culturable endophytic genera was higher at the Tekesi (n?=?14) and Xinyuan (n?=?12) sites than the Gongliu site (n?=?4), reflecting the extremely low organic carbon content, high salinity, and low nutrient status of Gongliu soils. The endophytic bacteria exhibited a number of plant growth-promoting activities ex situ, including diazotrophy, phosphate and potassium solubilization, siderophore production, auxin synthesis, and production of hydrolytic enzymes. Twelve endophytes were selected based on their ex situ plant growth-promoting activities for growth chamber assays to test for their ability to promote growth of G. uralensis F. and Triticum aestivum (wheat) plants. Several strains belonging to the genera Bacillus (n?=?6) and Achromobacter (n?=?1) stimulated total biomass production in both G. uralensis and T. aestivum under low-nutrient conditions. This work is the first report on the isolation and characterization of endophytes associated with G. uralensis F. in arid lands. The results demonstrate the broad diversity of endophytes associated with wild licorice and suggest that some Bacillus strains may be promising candidates for biofertilizers to promote enhanced survival and growth of licorice and other valuable crops in arid environments.     

2种药用阿魏植物内生细菌及促生属性比较

为深入了解2种新疆特有植物——新疆阿魏和准噶尔阿魏的内生细菌群落组成及促生属性,采用纯培养方法比较其内生细菌的群落组成和多样性,并评估内生细菌的固氮、溶磷等促生特性和潜在应用价值。从新疆阿魏中分离到125株内生细菌,属于3门、13目、23科、29属,优势度指数为0. 07,香农指数为2. 91;准噶尔阿魏分离到170株内生细菌,隶属于3门、14目、20科、27属,优势度指数为0. 08,香农指数为2. 83。2种阿魏的优势内生细菌均为芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)和链霉菌属(Streptomyces)细菌。促生属性表明新疆阿魏内生细菌中Microbacterium活性最强,有24株具有固氮潜力,23株能够产生吲哚乙酸;准噶尔阿魏中共20株菌具有固氮潜力,10株为Bacillus,另外10株为Sphingomonas。此研究结果对于阿魏植物资源的保护及生态适应性等研究具有重要意义。     

基于生态系统服务价值变化的焉耆盆地环境与经济协调发展

运用土地利用/覆被生态系统服务价值估算模型并结合生态与经济协调度,定量分析焉耆盆地1985、1990、1996、2000、2005和2011年土地利用/覆被变化引起的生态系统服务价值变化,并对研究区环境与经济协调发展的水平及区域差异进行评估.结果表明: 1985-2011年,焉耆盆地的湿地、水域、建设用地、耕地和沙地面积均增加;而草地、盐碱地和林地面积均减少;焉耆盆地的生态系统服务总价值呈逐渐增加趋势.其中,水域和耕地对生态系统服务总价值的贡献率最大,草地和林地对生态系统服务总价值的贡献呈明显下降.研究区生态经济的发展总体上处于低度冲突和低度协调水平的状态,对区域水土资源实行合理与有效的利用是实现焉耆盆地生态系统服务功能维持、发展与经济可持续、协调发展的关键.