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BS Sabna Thankappan Bency Mahendran Ramasamy Muthusamy Gayathri Femil selta Daniel Raja Angayarkanni Jayaraman 《Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins》2021,13(4):993-1004
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins - Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and is produced by irreversible decarboxylation of... 相似文献
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Anderson O. Lobo Erica F. Antunes Mariana BS Palma Cristina Pacheco‐Soares Vladimir J. Trava‐Airoldi Evaldo J. Corat 《Cell biology international》2010,34(4):393-398
Monolayer formation of SaOS‐2 (human osteoblast‐like cells) was observed on VACNT (vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes) scaffolds without purification or functionalization. The VACNT were produced by a microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition on titanium surfaces with nickel or iron as catalyst. Cell viability and morphology studies were evaluated by LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) release assay and SEM (scanning electron microscopy), respectively. The non‐toxicity and the flat spreading with monolayer formation of the SaOs‐2 on VACNT scaffolds surface indicate that they can be used for biomedical applications. 相似文献
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The immunophenotype of HT29 human colon cancer cells implanted into severe combined immunodeficient mice was assessed in primary
tumours and their metastases in the lungs using an indirect immunohistochemical method. After primary tumours were surgically
removed, the metastases were given time to develop, thus paralleling the clinical situation. While vimentin was negative in
both primary and secondary tumours, E-cadherin was present as membrane-bound labelling in the primary tumours only. Whereas
the markers p53, MIB1, PCNA and CEA were consistently positive in both primary and metastatic tumours, CD44 variant 6 and
CA125 were negative in metastases but positive in the primary tumours. There was a significant increase in the percentage
of cells labelled for p53 in the primary tumours compared with the metastases. For the proliferation markers, there was no
significant difference in labelling between primary tumours and metastases for MIB1. Of the cytokeratins examined, CK 20 gave
the strongest and most consistent reaction in both primary and secondary tumours. The results indicate that, for certain immunohistochemical
markers, results are the same in both primary tumours and metastases. Hence, in these cases, antigens that are expressed on
the primary tumour as well as on the metastases can serve as target molecules for immunologically based forms of treatment
of metastases.
This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Brouillette WJ Bajpai SN Ali SM Velu SE Atigadda VR Lommer BS Finley JB Luo M Air GM 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2003,11(13):2739-2749
We recently reported the first benzoic acid, 1-[4-carboxy-2-(3-pentylamino)phenyl]-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (8), that is a potent inhibitor of avian influenza A neuraminidase (N9) and, unlike other reported potent neuraminidase inhibitors, does not contain a basic aliphatic amine or guanidine nor a simple N-acetyl grouping. However, 8 was a poor inhibitor of influenza B neuraminidase. In the present study we further evaluated 8 as an inhibitor of human influenza A NA isolates, and it was effective against N2NA but found to be 160-fold less active against N1NA. We also synthesized analogues of 8 involving moderate modifications of essential substituents on the pyrrolidinone ring. Specifically, the aminomethyl (9), hydroxyethyl (10), and aminoethyl (11) analogues were prepared. Only the most conservative change (compound 9) resulted in continued effective inhibition of influenza A, in addition to a noteworthy increase in the activity of 9 for N1NA. The effectiveness of 9 against influenza B neuraminidase was furthermore improved 10-fold relative to 8, but this activity remained 50-fold poorer than for type A NA. 相似文献
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Comparisons of the molecular evolutionary process at rbcL and ndhF in the grass family (Poaceae) 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
We examine rate heterogeneity among evolutionary lineages of the grass
family at two plasmid loci, ndhF and rbcL, and we introduce a method to
determine whether patterns of rate heterogeneity are correlated between
loci. We show both that rates of synonymous evolution are heterogeneous
among grass lineages and that are heterogeneity is correlated between loci
at synonymous sites. At nonsynonymous sites, the pattern of rate
heterogeneity is not correlated between loci, primarily due to an aberrant
pattern of rate heterogeneity at nonsynonymous sites of rbcL. We compare
patterns of synonymous rate heterogeneity to predictors based on the
generation time effect and the speciation rate hypotheses. Although there
is some evidence for generation time effects, neither generation time
effects nor speciation rates appear to be sufficient to explain patterns of
rate heterogeneity in the grass plastid sequences.
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We used simulated data to investigate a number of properties of maximum-
likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree estimation for the case of four taxa.
Simulated data were generated under a broad range of conditions, including
wide variation in branch lengths, differences in the ratio of transition
and transversion substitutions, and the absence of presence of
gamma-distributed site-to-site rate variation. Data were analyzed in the ML
framework with two different substitution models, and we compared the
ability of the two models to reconstruct the correct topology. Although
both models were inconsistent for some branch-length combinations in the
presence of site-to-site variation, the models were efficient predictors of
topology under most simulation conditions. We also examined the performance
of the likelihood ratio (LR) test for significant positive interior branch
length. This test was found to be misleading under many simulation
conditions, rejecting too often under some simulation conditions. Under the
null hypothesis of zero length internal branch, LR statistics are assumed
to be asymptotically distributed chi 2(1); with limited data, the
distribution of LR statistics under the null hypothesis varies from chi
2(1).
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