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Eugene P. Parsons Sigal Popopvsky Gregory T. Lohrey Sharon Alkalai‐Tuvia Yaacov Perzelan Paul Bosland Penelope J. Bebeli Ilan Paran Elazar Fallik Matthew A. Jenks 《Physiologia plantarum》2013,149(2):160-174
Pepper (Capsicum spp.) fruits are covered by a relatively thick coating of cuticle that limits fruit water loss, a trait previously associated with maintenance of postharvest fruit quality during commercial marketing. To shed light on the chemical‐compositional diversity of cuticles in pepper, the fruit cuticles from 50 diverse pepper genotypes from a world collection were screened for both wax and cutin monomer amount and composition. These same genotypes were also screened for fruit water loss rate and this was tested for associations with cuticle composition. Our results revealed an unexpectedly large amount of variation for the fruit cuticle lipids, with a more than 14‐fold range for total wax amounts and a more than 16‐fold range for cutin monomer amounts between the most extreme accessions. Within the major wax constituents fatty acids varied from 1 to 46%, primary alcohols from 2 to 19%, n‐alkanes from 13 to 74% and triterpenoids and sterols from 10 to 77%. Within the cutin monomers, total hexadecanoic acids ranged from 54 to 87%, total octadecanoic acids ranged from 10 to 38% and coumaric acids ranged from 0.2 to 8% of the total. We also observed considerable differences in water loss among the accessions, and unique correlations between water loss and cuticle constituents. The resources described here will be valuable for future studies of the physiological function of fruit cuticle, for the identification of genes and QTLs associated with fruit cuticle synthesis in pepper fruit, and as a starting point for breeding improved fruit quality in pepper. 相似文献
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JG Hansen W Gao J Dupuis GT O’Connor W Tang M Kowgier A Sood SA Gharib LJ Palmer M Fornage SR Heckbert BM Psaty SL Booth SUNLIGHT Consortium Patricia A Cassano 《Respiratory research》2015,16(1)
Background
Vitamin D is associated with lung function in cross-sectional studies, and vitamin D inadequacy is hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Further data are needed to clarify the relation between vitamin D status, genetic variation in vitamin D metabolic genes, and cross-sectional and longitudinal changes in lung function in healthy adults.Methods
We estimated the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and cross-sectional forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) in Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring and Third Generation participants and the association between serum 25(OH)D and longitudinal change in FEV1 in Third Generation participants using linear mixed-effects models. Using a gene-based approach, we investigated the association between 241 SNPs in 6 select vitamin D metabolic genes in relation to longitudinal change in FEV1 in Offspring participants and pursued replication of these findings in a meta-analyzed set of 4 independent cohorts.Results
We found a positive cross-sectional association between 25(OH)D and FEV1 in FHS Offspring and Third Generation participants (P = 0.004). There was little or no association between 25(OH)D and longitudinal change in FEV1 in Third Generation participants (P = 0.97). In Offspring participants, the CYP2R1 gene, hypothesized to influence usual serum 25(OH)D status, was associated with longitudinal change in FEV1 (gene-based P < 0.05). The most significantly associated SNP from CYP2R1 had a consistent direction of association with FEV1 in the meta-analyzed set of replication cohorts, but the association did not reach statistical significance thresholds (P = 0.09).Conclusions
Serum 25(OH)D status was associated with cross-sectional FEV1, but not longitudinal change in FEV1. The inconsistent associations may be driven by differences in the groups studied. CYP2R1 demonstrated a gene-based association with longitudinal change in FEV1 and is a promising candidate gene for further studies.Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-015-0238-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献3.
Tomai E Butz K Lohrey C von Weizsäcker F Zentgraf H Hoppe-Seyler F 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2006,281(30):21345-21352
Peptide aptamers (PAs) can be employed to block the intracellular function of target proteins. Little is known about the mechanism of PA-mediated protein inhibition. Here, we generated PAs that specifically bound to the duck hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein. Among them, PA34 strongly blocked duck HBV replication by inhibiting viral capsid formation. We found that PA34 led to a dramatic intracellular redistribution of its target protein into perinuclear inclusion bodies, which exhibit the typical characteristics of aggresomes. As a result, the core protein is efficiently removed from the viral life cycle. Corresponding findings were obtained for bioactive PAs that bind to the HBV core protein or to the human papillomavirus-16 (HPV16) E6 protein, respectively. The observation that PAs induce the specific sequestration of bound proteins into aggresomes defines a novel mechanism as to how this new class of intracellular inhibitors blocks the function of their target proteins. 相似文献
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Utility of the white gene in estimating phylogenetic relationships among mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The utility of a nuclear protein-coding gene for reconstructing
phylogenetic relationships within the family Culicidae was explored.
Relationships among 13 species representing three subfamilies and nine
genera of Culicidae were analyzed using a 762-bp fragment of coding
sequence from the eye color gene, white. Outgroups for the study were two
species from the sister group Chaoboridae. Sequences were determined from
clone PCR products amplified from genomic DNA, and aligned following
conceptual intron splicing and amino acid translation. Third codon
positions were characterized by high levels of divergence and biased
nucleotide composition, the intensity and direction of which varied among
taxa. Equal weighting of all characters resulted in parsimony and
neighboring-joining trees at odds with the generally accepted phylogenetic
hypothesis based on morphology and rDNA sequences. The application of
differential weighting schemes recovered the traditional hypothesis, in
which the subfamily Anophelinae formed the basal clade. The subfamily
Toxorhynchitinae occupied an intermediate position, and was a sister group
to the subfamily Culicinae. Within Culicinae, the genera Sabethes and
Tripteroides formed an ancestral clade, while the Culex-Deinocerites and
Aedes- Haemagogus clades occupied increasingly derived positions in the
molecular phylogeny. An intron present in the Culicinae- Toxorhynchitinae
lineage and one outgroup taxon was absent in the basal Anophelinae lineage
and the second outgroup taxon, suggesting that intron insertions or
deletions may not always be reliable systematic characters.
相似文献
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Anton GT Terwisscha van Scheltinga Marjolijn N Lub-de Hooge Keelara Abiraj Carolien P Schr?der Linda Pot Birgit Bossenmaier Marlene Thomas Gabriele H?lzlwimmer Thomas Friess Jos GW Kosterink Elisabeth GE de Vries 《MABS-AUSTIN》2014,6(4):1051-1058
The humanized monoclonal antibody with high affinity for the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 3, RG7116, is a glycoengineered, IgG1 class antibody. By labeling RG7116 with zirconium-89 (89Zr) we aimed to visualize in vivo HER3 expression and study the biodistribution of this antibody in human tumor-bearing mice. Biodistribution of 89Zr-RG7116 was studied in subcutaneously xenografted FaDu tumor cells (HER3-positive). Dose-dependency of 89Zr-RG7116 organ distribution and specific tumor uptake was assessed by administering doses ranging from 0.05 to 10 mg/kg RG7116 to SCID/Beige mice. Biodistribution was analyzed at 24 and 144 h after injection. MicroPET imaging was performed at 1, 3, and 6 days after injection of 1.0 mg/kg 89Zr-RG7116 in the FaDu, H441, QG-56 and Calu-1 xenografts with varying HER3 expression. The excised tumors were analyzed for HER3 expression. Biodistribution analyses showed a dose- and time-dependent 89Zr-RG7116 tumor uptake in FaDu tumors. The highest tumor uptake of 89Zr-RG7116 was observed in the 0.05 mg/kg dose group with 27.5%ID/g at 144 h after tracer injection. MicroPET imaging revealed specific tumor uptake of 89Zr-RG7116 in FaDu and H441 models with an increase in tumor uptake over time. Biodistribution data was consistent with the microPET findings in FaDu, H441, QG56 and Calu-1 xenografts, which correlated with HER3 expression levels. In conclusion, 89Zr-RG7116 specifically accumulates in HER3 expressing tumors. PET imaging with this tracer provides real-time non-invasive information about RG7116 distribution, tumor targeting and tumor HER3 expression levels. 相似文献
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Pirko I Chen Y Lohrey AK McDole J Gamez JD Allen KS Pavelko KD Lindquist DM Dunn RS Macura SI Johnson AJ 《PloS one》2012,7(2):e31459
MRI is sensitive to tissue pathology in multiple sclerosis (MS); however, most lesional MRI findings have limited correlation with disability. Chronic T1 hypointense lesions or "T1 black holes" (T1BH), observed in a subset of MS patients and thought to represent axonal damage, show moderate to strong correlation with disability. The pathogenesis of T1BH remains unclear. We previously reported the first and as of yet only model of T1BH formation in the Theiler's murine encephalitis virus induced model of acute CNS neuroinflammation induced injury, where CD8 T-cells are critical mediators of axonal damage and related T1BH formation. The purpose of this study was to further analyze the role of CD8 and CD4 T-cells through adoptive transfer experiments and to determine if the relevant CD8 T-cells are classic epitope specific lymphocytes or different subsets. C57BL/6 mice were used as donors and RAG-1 deficient mice as hosts in our adoptive transfer experiments. In vivo 3-dimensional MRI images were acquired using a 7 Tesla small animal MRI system. For image analysis, we used semi-automated methods in Analyze 9.1; transfer efficiency was monitored using FACS of brain infiltrating lymphocytes. Using a peptide depletion method, we demonstrated that the majority of CD8 T-cells are classic epitope specific cytotoxic cells. CD8 T-cell transfer successfully restored the immune system's capability to mediate T1BH formation in animals that lack adaptive immune system, whereas CD4 T-cell transfer results in an attenuated phenotype with significantly less T1BH formation. These findings demonstrate contrasting roles for these cell types, with additional evidence for a direct pathogenic role of CD8 T-cells in our model of T1 black hole formation. 相似文献
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