云南景颇族的体质特征

本文调查了云南景颇族261人（男105人,女156人）。年龄为成年人（男24－60岁,女23－55岁）。主要测量均值与现代中国汉族和云南省各少数民族比较和聚类分析的结果表明,景颇族属黄种人的东亚类型,但也有南亚类型特征表现。体质特征与傣族、哈尼族和彝族接近,与基诺族和布郎族较远。     

三化螟种群系统的最优管理决策

以三化螟Tryporyza invertulas(Walker)种群动态模型和水稻产量损失预测模型为基础,根据水稻插植期、品种抗性,保护利用自然天敌和杀虫剂多次使用等控制措施以及它们的各种不同组合对该虫种群动态、水稻产量损失串和净收益的影响,以净收益最大为目标函数,研究三化螟种群的最优管理决策。其中,对昆虫种群动态模拟方法作了一点改进,它综合了前人所提出的种群动态模型的优点。建立的系统模型能够提供包括农业防治、生物防治和化学防治措施在内的、对三化螟种群实施有效管理的最优决策方案。     

Biochemical and structural characterization of hepatitis A virus 2C reveals an unusual ribonuclease activity on single-stranded RNA

The HAV nonstructural protein 2C is essential for virus replication; however, its precise function remains elusive. Although HAV 2C shares 24–27% sequence identity with other 2Cs, key motifs are conserved. Here, we demonstrate that HAV 2C is an ATPase but lacking helicase activity. We identified an ATPase-independent nuclease activity of HAV 2C with a preference for polyuridylic single-stranded RNAs. We determined the crystal structure of an HAV 2C fragment to 2.2 Å resolution, containing an ATPase domain, a region equivalent to enterovirus 2C zinc-finger (ZFER) and a C-terminal amphipathic helix (PBD). The PBD of HAV 2C occupies a hydrophobic pocket (Pocket) in the adjacent 2C, and we show the PBD–Pocket interaction is vital for 2C functions. We identified acidic residues that are essential for the ribonuclease activity and demonstrated mutations at these sites abrogate virus replication. We built a hexameric-ring model of HAV 2C, revealing the ribonuclease-essential residues clustering around the central pore of the ring, whereas the ATPase active sites line up at the gaps between adjacent 2Cs. Finally, we show the ribonuclease activity is shared by other picornavirus 2Cs. Our findings identified a previously unfound activity of picornavirus 2C, providing novel insights into the mechanisms of virus replication.     

两种网柄细胞状黏菌挥发性成分

采用固相微萃取气相色谱-质谱联用技术,对紫轮柄菌Polysphondylium violaceum和簇生岐柄菌Cavenderia fasciculata子实体的挥发性成分进行分析,从这两种网柄细胞状黏菌中共鉴定出32种挥发性成分,包括烃、醛、吲哚、萜、酮、酯和酚类化合物.其中,紫轮柄菌P.violaceum的挥发性成...     

微乳体系中11β-羟基甲羟孕酮的C1,2生物脱氢

为改善过程传质,提高甾类药物中间体11β-羟基甲羟孕酮C1,2生物脱氢转化率,采用简单节杆菌Arthrobacter simplex UR016菌株在Tween-80/乙醇/食油/水构成的微乳体系中进行生物脱氢,并考察了微乳体系组成、转化温度、投料浓度对脱氢反应的影响。结果表明:以菌体培养液作为水相,食油作为油相构建微乳体系,食油最适加量为10g/L,表面活性剂Tween-80加量为4g/L;底物经醇溶后水析投料,乙醇最适加量为发酵液体积的7%(V/V);最适转化温度为33oC;当底物浓度为4g/L时,在构建的微乳体系中转化46h,脱氢转化率达88.6%,与水相转化工艺相比提高了66.2%。在该体系中疏水性11β-羟基甲羟孕酮底物得到了有效的增溶和扩散,生物脱氢转化率明显提高。     

RIOK3促进了caspase-10对PAK2的酶解激活

RIO3为非典型激酶RIO家族的成员之一,仅在多细胞真核生物中出现,为研究RIOK3蛋白的功能,以其作为诱饵蛋白对成人肝cDNA文库进行酵母双杂交筛选,得到其相互作用蛋白PAK2,并通过细胞内免疫共沉淀和免疫荧光共定位实验验证了该相互作用。实时定量PCR和免疫印迹检测结果显示,RIOK3能够在蛋白水平上降低PAK2表达量。通过CCK-8和细胞凋亡检测,发现二者共表达可以抑制增殖并促进凋亡,并且这一促凋亡效应可以被caspase-10的无酶活最短剪切本caspase-10G所抑制。实验结果显示,RIOK3可能促进了caspase-10对PAK2的酶解,在PAK2的酶解激活途径中发挥重要作用。     

Autohydrolysis Pretreatment of Mixed Softwood to Produce Value Prior to Combustion

Autohydrolysis is a hot water pretreatment to extract soluble components from wood that can be used prior to converting the woody residuals into paper, wood products, fuel, or other goods. In this study, mixed softwood chips were autohydrolyzed in hot water at 150, 160, 170, and 180 °C for 1 and 2 h residence times. The objective was to understand the tradeoff between the extraction of fermentable sugar and the residual solid total energy of combustion quantitatively. This process strategy will be referred to as “value prior to combustion”. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine chemical compositions (sugars and byproducts such as acetic acid, furfural, and hydroxymethylfurfural) of the extracted liquid and residuals; a bomb calorimeter was used to measure the heating value of original wood and solid residue. As the autohydrolysis temperature increased, material balances of the system indicated higher volatile byproducts loss. More hemicelluloses were solubilized by the hot water extraction process at higher temperatures and longer residence times, and a greater degree of sugar degradation was also observed. The maximum sugar yield was determined to occur at conditions of 170 °C for 2 h, during which 13 g of sugar was recovered from the extract out of 100 g of oven-dried wood. The heating value of the solid residues after extraction was greater than the original wood. The total energy content of the solid residual after extraction ranged from 85 to 98 % of the original energy content of the feed with higher temperatures reducing the total energy content.     

A novel thermostable phytase from the fungus Aspergillus aculeatus RCEF 4894: gene cloning and expression in Pichia pastoris

A novel gene of thermostable phytase, phyA, was isolated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques from Aspergillus aculeatus RCEF 4894. The full-length phyA gene comprises 1,404 bp and encodes 467 amino-acid residues, including a 19-residue putative N-terminal signal peptide. The phytase of A. aculeatus was a novel addition to the histidine-acid phosphatase family, as evidenced by both the conserved motifs RHGXRXP and HD in the amino-acid sequence, and 3D structure models. The recombinant phytase was overexpressed in Pichia pastoris, and its specific activity reached 3,000 U mL⁻¹ at the optimum pH of 5.5. This recombinant, thermostable phytase was able to withstand temperatures of up to 90 °C for 10 min, with a loss of only 13.9% of initial enzymatic activity, and showed high activity with phytic-acid sodium salt at a pH range of 2.5–6.5. The broad pH optima and high thermostability of the phytase makes it a promising candidate for feed-pelleting applications.     

Predicting protein structural classes with pseudo amino acid composition: an approach using geometric moments of cellular automaton image

A novel approach was developed for predicting the structural classes of proteins based on their sequences. It was assumed that proteins belonging to the same structural class must bear some sort of similar texture on the images generated by the cellular automaton evolving rule [Wolfram, S., 1984. Cellular automation as models of complexity. Nature 311, 419-424]. Based on this, two geometric invariant moment factors derived from the image functions were used as the pseudo amino acid components [Chou, K.C., 2001. Prediction of protein cellular attributes using pseudo amino acid composition. Proteins: Struct., Funct., Genet. (Erratum: ibid., 2001, vol. 44, 60) 43, 246-255] to formulate the protein samples for statistical prediction. The success rates thus obtained on a previously constructed benchmark dataset are quite promising, implying that the cellular automaton image can help to reveal some inherent and subtle features deeply hidden in a pile of long and complicated amino acid sequences.     

长萼兰花蕉(Orchidantha chinensis var.longisepala)的繁育系统研究

通过野外观察并采用杂交指数（OCI）测定、花粉/胚珠比（P/O）检测、人工控制授粉等方法,对长萼兰花蕉（Orchidantha chinensis var.longisepala（D.Fang） T.L.Wu）种群的繁育系统进行了研究,采用常规石蜡切片与扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了柱头与"V"形黏盘的结构与形态。结果表明,长萼兰花蕉单花花期一般为18 d,依其花部形态的变化可分为蕾期、花萼未反转期、花萼反转期、唇瓣枯萎期、花萼枯萎期5个时期;根据杂交指数值为4、P/O值为253.89 ±21.09、人工异花授粉结实率分别为45%（2014年）和75%（2015年）,显示出长萼兰花蕉的繁育系统属于异交,且需要传粉者。石蜡切片观察到长萼兰花蕉黏盘区与柱头可授区之间是光滑的表皮细胞,结合人工授粉实验与分泌物含糖量测定结果表明,长萼兰花蕉的"V"形黏盘不具有可授性,其作用可能是分泌黏液附着在传粉者背部使其便于携带花粉。长萼兰花蕉整个花期环境湿冷、多雨且开花同步性较低,这些因素很可能造成其有效传粉媒介缺乏,影响了传粉成功;另一方面,长萼兰花蕉有性繁殖受到限制,其主要通过根状茎进行无性繁殖后代,所以分布范围比较狭窄。