Conditioned food reflexes acquired on the basis of a dominant

By means of daily alimentary deprivation and presentation of acoustic stimuli, a hunger dominant was created in rabbits. After dominant testing by eye stimulation with air puff, when not only winking of one eye but also swallowing or chewing appeared,--the dominant was disrupted by giving food to the animal. Disruption of motivational hunger dominant led to rapid formation of stable temporary connection. At subsequent creation of hunger dominant the animal itself disrupted it by winking reaction with the significant eye. The basis of goal-directed reaction is the activation of feedback temporary connection, established at the dominant summation stage. The conditioned alimentary reflex, elaborated on the basis of dominant disruption is designated as endogenous alimentary conditioned reflex.     

Sensory support of tongue movements in the sound-forming process in infants in the lst year of life

The structural and functional formation of tongue tactile sensory formations were correlated in infants. Heterochronicity was recorded both in build up of receptor formations in different areas of the tongue (tip, body, root) and sensory control of its movements related to sound formation. Receptor formations of the root of the tongue are formed first of all, hence the first sounds that are uttered by infants are primarily velar ones, followed by the appearance of the medio-lingual and later by dorsal sounds.     

Low efficiency of short-term tests in the assessment of the potential mutagenic hazard of chemical compounds to mammals

A new method of the efficiency assessment of testing mutagenicity chemical pollutants is proposed. The method is based on the selective information criterion and allows one to compare the prognostic significance of results obtained in both individual tests and test batteries. The efficiency of mutagen detection in mammals was estimated in Ames' test, the in vivo test for cytogenetic abnormalities in rodent bone-marrow cells, and the battery combining both these tests. The level of evidence for mutagenicity was determined for chemicals analyzed in these tests. Based on information obtained during the trials, a low efficiency of the analyzed tests and their battery was inferred.     

Participation of the fibers of the lingual nerve in the transmission of mechanosensitive information from the tongue and oral cavity of the cat]

The role of the lingual nerve fibers in the transmission of mechanosensory information from the receptors of the tongue and oral cavity of a cat was studied. A chart of the afferent innervation of both mechanosensory surfaces of the tongue (dorsal and ventral surfaces) with fibers of the anterior medial and posterior branches of the lingual nerve was drawn up on the basis of the experimental material. Different ratios of the mechanoreceptor reactions were described.     

The spectral characteristics of the electrical activity in the rabbit brain during the hunger dominant]

By means of daily alimentary deprivation the dominant of hunger was created in rabbits. In response to acoustic stimuli summational swallowing and chewing movements appeared. Spectral analysis of the electrical brain activity showed the presence of primary dominant focus zone (lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus), characterized by an increase of spectrum power in delta-range while in the orbito-frontal, sensorimotor, parietal cerebral cortex, in the medial and lateral preoptic hypothalamic zones the power of biopotentials spectrum decreased within the whole analyzed frequency range.     

Spectral analysis of the human EEG while listening to music

EEG was recorded from 16 electrodes (International 10-20 System) in 14 healthy volunteers aged from 18 to 45 in the state of rest and during listening to music (popular classical symphonic pieces). The EEG spectral analysis was carried out. Presentation of musical pieces increased the EEG spectral power in the alpha-range in the parietal and occipital areas of both hemispheres. During repeated listening of the same musical fragment there was a tendency for attenuation of these changes. A significant decrease in the peak frequency of the alpha-band was found in the process of listening. The spectral values did not significantly differ between the left and right hemispheres. The findings suggest a decrease in the level of CNS activation under the influence of music.