Improvement of anther culture methods for doubled haploid production in barley breeding

There is potential to accelerate cultivar development with a doubled haploid system for breeding line production. Anther culture methodology was evaluated for U.S.A. spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) breeding applications. Gelrite was found to be an acceptable replacement for ficoll in the induction medium to reduce costs while maintaining embryoid and plant production levels. Beneficial effects of 28 d cold pretreatment of donor spikes for anther culture were confirmed with Pacific Northwest USA barley genotypes. A 3 d mannitol solution pretreatment of fresh anthers was shown to be less effective for green plant production compared to 28 d cold pretreatment of donor spikes. Extended donor spike cold pretreatment from 28 to 42 d did not reduce anther culture productivity. Based on this research, anther culture techniques show promise for economical and convenient application in spring barley breeding.Abbreviations DH doubled haploid - LS Linsmaier and Skoog basal medium - BAP benzylaminopurine - GLM Generalized Linear Model - SAS Statistical Analysis System     

大壁虎的染色体及减数分裂联会复合体的研究

大壁虎(Gekko gecko)的染色体数目为2n=38,核型由2对中着丝粒(Nos.1.4.)、3对亚中着丝粒(Nos.2.3.5)及14对端着丝粒和亚端着丝粒(Nos.6—19)染色体组成。一对核仁组织者(NOR_s),位于第7对端着丝粒染色体的末端。同时,本文还对大壁虎的减数分裂以及联会复合体(S.C)的结构和组型,进行了详细的观察和分析。     

白腹锦鸡,红腹锦鸡,中国雉鸡SC组型的比较研究

以微铺展—硝酸银染色技术制备三种鸡的SC标本,进行电镜观察。结果表明:三种鸡的SC组非常相似,即2n=82,ZZ/ZW型性别决定,雄性为ZZ。除1号SC和Z-SC为中着丝粒外,其余均为端着丝粒。Z-SC的相对长度有明显的细胞间差异;平均相对长度度介于第3和第4号SC之间。三者SC组型上的差异主要表现在相应SC长度上的不同。并对其亲缘关系及在鸟类进化中的可能地位进行了讨论。此外,在微铺展法制备的锦鸡精母细胞SC标本中还发现了巨大中心粒,这在高等动物尚属首次。     

吴氏手绥螨和长螯肛厉螨2新种记述（蜱螨亚纲：裂胸螨科）

记述裂胸螨科2新种,吴氏手绥螨Cheiroseius wuwenzheni sp.nov.和长螯肛厉螨proctolaelaps longichelicerae sp.nov.     

Electrospun Scaffold of Collagen and Polycaprolactone Containing ZnO Quantum Dots for Skin Wound Regeneration

Nanofibers(NFs)have been widely used in tissue engineering such as wound healing.In this work,the antibacterial ZnO quantum dots(ZnO QDs)have been incorporated into the biocompatible poly(ε-caprolactone)/collagen(PCL/Col)fibrous scaffolds for wound healing.The as-fabricated PCL-Col/ZnO fibrous scaffolds exhibited good swelling,antibacterial activity,and biodegradation behaviors,which were beneficial for the applications as a wound dressing.Moreover,the PCL-Col/ZnO fibrous scaffolds showed excellent cytocompatibility for promoting cell proliferation.The resultant PCL-Col/ZnO fibrous scaffolds containing vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)also exhibited promoted wound-healing effect through promoting expression of transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)and the vascular factor(CD31)in tissues in the early stages of wound healing.This new electrospun fibrous scaffolds with wound-healing promotion and antibacterial property should be convenient for treating wound healing.     

论我国人口容纳量

人口环境容纳量是直接与社会生产力发展水平相适应的。它体现在人类智力发展水平、经济结构的合理性以及各人在行业中所占位置。本文据1982年人口普查10％抽样资料对我国劳动力分布进行了分析,并指出:劳动力分布不平衡反映出社会生产力的落后,自然资源与人力资源的浪费。我国的农牧渔业资源还有着巨大的潜力,只要国策对,人尽其才,物尽其用,使资源得到合理地开发和利用,今后50—100年内,我国农牧渔业资源将可满足15亿人口科学膳食需求。     

基因组规模代谢网络模型构建及其应用

微生物制造产业的发展迫切需要进一步提高认识、设计和改造微生物细胞代谢的能力,以推动工业生物技术快速发展。随着微生物全基因组序列等高通量数据的不断积聚和生物信息学策略的持续涌现,使全局性、系统化地解析、设计、调控微生物生理代谢功能成为可能。而基于基因组序列注释和详细生化信息整合的基因组规模代谢网络模型(GSMM)构建为全局理解和理性调控微生物生理代谢功能提供了最佳平台。以下在详述GSMM的应用基础上,描述了如何构建一个高精确度的GSMM,并展望了未来的发展方向。     

蓖麻和线虫的两种不同结构脂肪酸去饱和酶的原核表达

目的:通过在原核表达系统中表达蓖麻的可溶性脂肪酸去饱和酶基因和线虫的fat-1脂肪酸去饱和酶基因,为脂肪酸去饱和酶序列结构与功能的研究奠定基础。方法:将蓖麻RCD△9脂肪酸去饱和酶和线虫fat-1脂肪酸去饱和酶基因亚克隆到大肠杆菌BL21表达载体pET32a+中,获得重组表达载体pET32a+-R9,pET32a+- F1,并通过SDS-PAGE和Western Blotting鉴定蛋白的表达情况。结果:经PCR和测序鉴定,证实两个重组质粒含有目的基因片段;SDS-PAGE和Western Blotting证实两种蛋白在大肠杆菌中获得表达,但表达量具有明显的不同;Anthepro软件对蛋白跨膜结构的分析,验证蓖麻△9脂肪酸去饱和酶和线虫fat-1脂肪酸去饱和酶在结构上的不同。结论:蓖麻的RCD脂肪酸去饱和酶和线虫的fat-1脂肪酸去饱和酶都得到了表达,但线虫fat-1脂肪酸去饱和酶表达量偏低;这可能与fat-1脂肪酸去饱和酶是一类跨膜蛋白的性质直接相关。因此,对于线虫fat-1脂肪酸去饱和酶的基于蛋白纯化的结构分析有待进一步的研究。