全文获取类型
收费全文 | 781篇 |
免费 | 49篇 |
国内免费 | 14篇 |
专业分类
844篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 13篇 |
2021年 | 27篇 |
2020年 | 24篇 |
2019年 | 26篇 |
2018年 | 24篇 |
2017年 | 27篇 |
2016年 | 37篇 |
2015年 | 46篇 |
2014年 | 43篇 |
2013年 | 70篇 |
2012年 | 58篇 |
2011年 | 68篇 |
2010年 | 40篇 |
2009年 | 31篇 |
2008年 | 36篇 |
2007年 | 35篇 |
2006年 | 40篇 |
2005年 | 36篇 |
2004年 | 28篇 |
2003年 | 27篇 |
2002年 | 25篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
1961年 | 1篇 |
1960年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
1944年 | 2篇 |
1943年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有844条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Lilian Boccardo Carlos Henrigue Silva Penteado 《Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment》2013,48(2):165-169
The neotropical millipede, Gymnostreptus olivaceus, lives at ambient temperatures of about 20ºC. Its thermal tolerance was tested after acclimation to lower and higher temperatures as occurs under winter and summer conditions in the south and southeast regions of Brazil. An increase in tolerance to low temperatures was found in adapted specimens. The ecological aspects of this capability are discussed. 相似文献
2.
A measuring device for the quasicontinuous determination of volatile substances in aqueous liquids, especially alcohols (methanol or ethanol) in fermentation media is presented. The working principle and the construction of this instrument are described. Measurements are possible in a concentration range between 0.1 and 150 g/l. The measuring device is suited for industrial processes as well as for laboratory use. 相似文献
3.
Pelagic rotifers of Lake Glubokoe from 1897 to 1984 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Lilian K. Matveeva 《Hydrobiologia》1986,141(1-2):45-54
After alteration in the pattern of drainage of run-off from the surrounding swamps and changes in the colour and transparency
of the Lake Glubokoe water, the previously epilimnial Trichocerca similis, Conochilus unicornis and Keratella cochlearis showed a shift of their maximum numbers to deeper layers. Pompholyx sp. and Trichocerca capucina, which are regarded as indicators of eutrophic waters, have disappeared from the pelagic zone of the lake and Conochilus hippocrepis, Synchaeta pectinata, Gastropus stylifer, Asplanchna herricki, Ascomorpha ecaudis, Ascomorpha saltans,
Euchlanis dilatata and Trichocerca porcellus have made their appearance. Most of the new species are considered to be indicators of oligotrophic conditions. However the
total density of pelagic rotifers remained at the same level. Apparently the establishment of the new species of rotifers
was possible due to some ‘rarefaction’ of the epilimnion, the disappearance of predaceous Mesocyclops leuckarti and the invasion of the pelagic zone by Peridinium cinctum. 相似文献
4.
Abstract: Thioperamide (2 mg/kg, i.p.), a histamine H3 -receptor antagonist, increased the number of somatostatin (SS) receptors, with no change in the affinity constant, in the rat frontoparietal cortex. This effect was prevented by treatment with ( R )-α-methylhistamine (3.2 mg/kg, i.p.), a histamine H3 -receptor agonist. Thioperamide also induced an increase in SS binding in rats pretreated with mepyramine, a histamine H1 -receptor antagonist, or cimetidine, a histamine H2 -receptor antagonist. Pretreatment with mepyramine plus cimetidine administered simultaneously antagonized the thioperamide effect on SS binding. The increase in the number of SS receptors was accompanied by a greater SS-mediated inhibition of basal and forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity in frontoparietal cortical membranes in the thioperamide group. Furthermore, the functional activity of the guanine nucleotide-binding inhibitory protein (Gi protein) was not altered by thioperamide or ( R )-α-methylhistamine administration in frontoparietal cortical membranes. In rats treated with mepyramine plus thioperamide or cimetidine plus thioperamide, the increase in the number of SS receptors was also accompanied by an increased SS inhibition of AC activity. Thioperamide induced a significant increase in SS-like immunoreactivity content in the frontoparietal cortex. Altogether, these results suggest that frontoparietal cortical histamine may play, at least in part, a role in the regulation of the somatostatinergic system. 相似文献
5.
Relaxation of reproductive suppression in non-breeding female naked mole-rats, Heterocephalus glaber
Ninety-four non-reproductive female naked mole-rats, from seven colonies, were studied in terms of vaginal perforation, vaginal smears and urinary concentrations of oestradiol-17β and progesterone in relation to the time of parturition of the breeding female, the queen. The study concentrated mainly on the period from nine days prepartum to 13 days postpartum of 12 births. Sixty-eight percent ( n = 253) of the non-reproductive females had detectable urinary concentrations of oestradiol-17β and many of these had perforated vaginas throughout the study period. These females showed a significantly increased urinary concentration of oestradiol six days prior to parturition of the queen. In females with undetectable concentrations of oestradiol-17β, the proportion with perforated vaginas increased from six days prepartum (54%) to reach a peak on the day of parturition (92%) of the queen. Urinary progesterone-concentrations were 0.7nmol/mmol creatinine at some stage in the study period in 90% of the females and scattered short peaks or spikes were experienced by all these females, but without synchronization between the females in a colony and without any detectable correlation with the time of parturition of the queen. Maximal concentrations in some females were comparable to the values in cycling breeding females during the luteal phase, but were of a much shorter duration than in breeding females. Vaginal smears did not show clear cyclic patterns. 相似文献
6.
ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-poly-L-lysine,ε-PL)是抑菌谱广泛的天然抑菌剂,由通过α-羧基与ε-氨基连接的25–35个赖氨酸聚合而成。ε-PL主要由白色链霉菌发酵生产所得,比化学生产更加高效和环保。ε-PL具有水溶性好、耐热和对环境无污染等特点,具有良好的应用前景。本文从发酵生产入手,着重综述了ε-PL对各种微生物抑菌性能、抑菌机制及抑菌机制模型的研究进展。推测ε-PL是通过对细胞膜的破坏而改变细胞的通透性,或者作用到细胞内引起活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)胁迫而影响调节基因的表达,从而起到抑菌作用。根据这2种抑菌方式分别建立了相应的抑菌模型,即毡毯模型和ROS诱导细胞凋亡模型。本文可为ε-PL对微生物抑制性能的深入研究提供依据,同时也提出了ε-PL抑菌机制的新模型,为扩展ε-PL应用领域提供了一定的参考。 相似文献
7.
Sunlight and the survival of enteric bacteria in natural waters 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1
Escherichia coli and some salmonellas were exposed in seawater and freshwater to natural sunlight, visible light of comparable intensity, and light containing a similar proportion of u.v. as natural sunlight but of a much lower intensity. Direct viable bacterial counts and culturable counts on selective and non-selective media were made at intervals. The rate of decrease in numbers of culturable bacteria was significantly faster in seawater than in freshwater when exposed to natural sunlight. No significant difference was found between the rates of decrease in numbers of culturable bacteria in seawater and those in freshwater when bacteria were exposed to light with a small u.v. component of similar intensity. The effect of salinity on loss of culturability is, therefore, more significant in the presence of u.v. radiation. Direct counts by the acridine orange direct viable count method decreased much more slowly than the culturable counts in seawater but comparably with culturable counts in freshwater in natural sunlight. Direct viable counts and culturable counts decreased at a similar rate in seawater and in freshwater in visible light. This may signify the evolution of enteric bacteria towards a viable but non-culturable form in seawater when exposed to natural sunlight. The presence of humic acids significantly reduced loss of culturability but only in low salinity conditions. Salinity appears to be an important factor influencing culturability in bacteria exposed to sunlight. 相似文献
8.
The free tryptophan pool and the levels of two enzymes of tryptophan biosynthesis (anthranilate synthase and indoleglycerolphosphate synthase) have been determined in a wild type strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in mutants with altered regulatory properties.The tryptophan pool of wild type cells growing in minimal medium is 0.07 mole per g dry weight. Addition of anthranilate, indole or tryptophan to the medium produces a fifteen- to forty-fold increase in tryptophan pool, but causes no repression of the biosynthetic enzymes. Inclusion of 5-methyltryptophan in the growth medium causes a reduction in growth rate and a derepression of the biosynthetic enzymes, and this is shown here not to be correlated with a decrease in the free tryptophan pool.Mutants with an altered anthranilate synthase showing decreased sensitivity to inhibition by l-tryptophan or by the analogue dl-5-methyltryptophan have a tryptophan pool far higher than the wild type strain, but no repression of indoleglycerolphosphate synthase was observed. Mutants with an anthranilate synthase more sensitive to tryptophan inhibition show a slightly reduced tryptophan pool, but no derepression of indoleglycerolphosphate synthase was found.A mutant with constitutively derepressed levels of the biosynthetic enzymes shows a considerably increased tryptophan pool. Addition of 5-methyltryptophan to the growth medium of non-derepressible mutants causes a decrease in growth rate accompanied by a decrease in the tryptophan pool.Abbreviations CDRP
1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxyribulosephosphate
- paba
paraaminobenzoic acid
- PRA
N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate
- tRNA
transfer ribonucleic acid; trp1 to trp5 refer to the structural genes for corresponding tryptophan biosynthetic enzymes 相似文献
9.
Juliana A. Silva Ana Isabelle Pinheiro Maria Luiza Dourado Lilian Medina Adriano Queiroz Luiz Henrique Guimares Marcus Miranda Lessa Ednaldo L. Lago Paulo Roberto L. Machado Mary E. Wilson Edgar M. Carvalho Albert Schriefer 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2022,16(6)
BackgroundLeishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases that inflict great burden to poor areas of the globe. Intense research has aimed to identify parasite genetic signatures predictive of infection outcomes. Consistency of diagnostic tools based on these markers would greatly benefit from accurate understanding of Leishmania spp. population genetics. We explored two chromosomal loci to characterize a population of L. braziliensis causing human disease in Northeast Brazil.Methodology/Principal findingsTwo temporally distinct samples of L. braziliensis were obtained from patients attending the leishmaniasis clinic at the village of Corte de Pedra: (2008–2011) primary sample, N = 120; (1999–2001) validation sample, N = 35. Parasites were genotyped by Sanger’s sequencing of two 600 base pairs loci starting at nucleotide positions 3,074 and 425,451 of chromosomes 24 and 28, respectively. Genotypes based on haplotypes of biallelic positions in each locus were tested for several population genetic parameters as well as for geographic clustering within the region. Ample geographic overlap of genotypes at the two loci was observed as indicated by non-significant Cusick and Edward’s comparisons. No linkage disequilibrium was detected among combinations of haplotypes for both parasite samples. Homozygous and heterozygous genotypes displayed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) at both loci in the two samples when straight observed and expected counts were compared by Chi-square (p>0.5). However, Bayesian statistics using one million Monte-Carlo randomizations disclosed a less robust HWE for chromosome 24 genotypes, particularly in the primary sample (p = 0.04). Fixation indices (Fst) were consistently lower than 0.05 among individuals of the two samples at both tested loci, and no intra-populational structuralization could be detected using STRUCTURE software.Conclusions/SignificanceThese findings suggest that L. braziliensis can maintain stable populations in foci of human leishmaniasis and are capable of robust genetic recombination possibly due to events of sexual reproduction during the parasite’s lifecycle. 相似文献
10.