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1.
Compartmentation of glutamate metabolism in brain. Evidence for the existence of two different tricarboxylic acid cycles in brain 总被引:18,自引:9,他引:9 下载免费PDF全文
1. (14)C from [1-(14)C]glucose injected intraperitoneally into mice is incorporated into glutamate, aspartate and glutamine in the brain to a much greater extent than (14)C from [2-(14)C]glucose. This difference for [1-(14)C]glucose and [2-(14)C]glucose increases with time. The amount of (14)C in C-1 of glutamate increases steadily with time with both precursors. It is suggested that a large part of the glutamate and aspartate pools in brain are in close contact with intermediates of a fast-turning tricarboxylic acid cycle. 2. (14)C from [1-(14)C]acetate and [2-(14)C]acetate is incorporated to a much larger extent into glutamine than into glutamate. An examination of the time-course of (14)C incorporated into glutamine and glutamate reveals that glutamine is not formed from the glutamate pool, labelled extensively by glucose, but from a small glutamate pool. This small glutamate pool is not derived from an intermediate of a fast-turning tricarboxylic acid cycle. 3. It is proposed that two different tricarboxylic acid cycles exist in brain. 相似文献
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Specificity and site of action of a mammary gland thioesterase which releases acyl moieties from thioester linkage to the fatty acid synthetase 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The lactone (I) of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaleneacetic acid was developed as a reagent for novel, highly efficient, covalent attachment of an excited-state proton transfer fluorescence probe (i.e. 2-naphthol) to protein amino groups. The lactone (I) was shown to react with amines faster than it was hydrolyzed. Reaction of the lactone (I) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was faster than its reaction with corresponding concentrations of small organic amines, which suggested that the lactone (I) first adsorbed to BSA and subsequently reacted covalently; data are presented which suggest that this covalent binding occurs at a unique, single site on BSA (i.e., affinity labeling). Equilibrium studies involving instantaneous and time-dependent fluorescence changes were interpreted in terms of a 1:1 lactone:BSA labeling ratio at neutral pH. Steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy of the 1:1 lactone:BSA conjugate and of the conjugate of the lactone with glycine ethyl ester were recorded, compared and interpreted in terms of the microenvironment of the protein-bound fluorescence probe. Applications are suggested for use of this new and powerful procedure for study of the conformational changes and molecular interactions in other proteins. 相似文献
3.
Salt induced transitions of chromatin core particles studied by tyrosine fluorescence anisotropy. 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6 下载免费PDF全文
Chromatin core particles containing 146 base pairs of DNA have been found to undergo a single defined transition below 10 mM ionic strength as studied by both sedimentation velocity and tyrosine fluorescence anisotropy. A method is described for the preparation of such core particles from chicken erythrocytes with greater than 50% yield. 相似文献
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Kinetics of local helix formation in poly-L-glutamic acid studied by time-resolved photoacoustics: neutralization reactions of carboxylates in aqueous solutions and their relevance to the problem of protein folding 下载免费PDF全文
Photoactivatable caged protons have been used to trigger proton transfer reactions in aqueous solutions of acetate, glutamate, and poly-L-glutamic acid, and the volumetric and enthalpic changes have been detected and characterized by means of time-resolved photoacoustics. Neutralization of carboxylates in aqueous solutions invariably results in an expansion of the solution due to the disappearance of two charges and is accompanied by little enthalpic change. The reactions occur with thermally activated, apparent bimolecular rates on the order of 10(10) M(-1)s(-1). In the case of aqueous solutions of poly-L-glutamic acid at pH around the pK(a) of the coil-to-helix transition, diffusional binding of a proton by carboxylates is followed by a sequential reaction with rate 1.06 (+/- 0.05) x 10(7)s(-1). This step is not thermally activated in the temperature range we have investigated and is likely related to local formation of hydrogen bonds near the protonation site. This structural event may constitute a rate-limiting step in helix propagation. 相似文献
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Background
Elucidation of the communal behavior of microbes in mixed species biofilms may have a major impact on understanding infectious diseases and for the therapeutics. Although, the structure and the properties of monospecies biofilms and their role in disease have been extensively studied during the last decade, the interactions within mixed biofilms consisting of bacteria and fungi such as Candida spp. have not been illustrated in depth. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the interspecies interactions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and six different species of Candida comprising C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and C. dubliniensis in dual species biofilm development. 相似文献8.
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JG Hansen W Gao J Dupuis GT O’Connor W Tang M Kowgier A Sood SA Gharib LJ Palmer M Fornage SR Heckbert BM Psaty SL Booth SUNLIGHT Consortium Patricia A Cassano 《Respiratory research》2015,16(1)