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1.
Leonore Dennhöfer 《Genetica》1978,48(2):107-116
The ratio DNA: RNA in the dry substance of Drosophila melanogaster larvae changes when L-glutamic acid is added to the substratum. The number of cells in the salivary glands is not affected (Fahrig et al., 1967). The present paper deals with the effect of this altered ratio on the puffing pattern of the salivary gland chromosomes.Compared to controls of the same game age, glutamic acid fed prepupae younger than 15 min have five additional puffs. In all, 98 pairs of homologous puffs were studied. In 54 of these, size differences were tested statistically; in the glutamic acid series, 20 puffs were larger and 18 smaller than in the controls whereas 16 had the same size. Size reduction was stronger in the more prominent puffs. In prepupae reared at lower temperatures, chromosomes were significantly longer. Glutamic acid causes a significant increase in chromosome width. Combined measurements of both effects were made by determining the surface area of tested segments. Lowering the temperature adds higher size classes, whereas addition of glutamic acid causes a significant shift of the distributional peak towards the higher size classes. This excludes the possibility of an additional replication cycle. In salivary glands of glutamic acid fed prepupae the majority of nuclei have reached the highest degree of polyteny, which in controls is never found at 25° C but sometimes at 18° C. The agent causing both additional puffing and enhanced growth is effective only via the alimentary tract of the larva. 相似文献
2.
Leonore Dennhöfer 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1975,45(7):279-289
Zusammenfassung Die Austauschhäufigkeiten zwischen cytologisch bekannten Bruchkontaktpunkten in den larvalen Speicheldrüsenchromosomen und Mutationen erlauben bei der Stechmücke Culex pipiens L. erstmals die Zuordnung von Genorten zu chromosomalen Strukturen oder Abschnitten. Die vorliegenden Kreuzungsergebnisse stimmen mit der bereits bekannten Zuordnung der drei Koppelungsgruppen zu den cytologisch sichtbaren Chromosomen überein.Um Kreuzungsergebnisse innerhalb eines Chromosoms jedoch sicher miteinander in Bezug setzen zu können, mußte das Problem der unterschiedlichen Austauschhäufigkeiten geklärt werden. Gründe dafür sind weder Alter noch Geschlecht, noch kleine chromosomale Aberrationen der heterozygoten Individuen. Die Höhe des Austausches zwischen zwei Faktoren ist jeweils eine Stamm-spezifische Eigenschaft, die vermutlich faktoriell bedingt ist. Dies konnte durch den Vergleich einer allelen Mutation in zwei Stämmen erarbeitet werden. Es sind deshalb nur solche Austauschwerte vergleichbar, die in ein und demselben Stamm gewonnen wurden, oder bei verschiedenen Stämmen, wenn diese in einen festen Bezug gebracht werden können.Im kleinen Chromosom I ist die Zuordnung des Geschlechts-bestimmenden Allelenpaares M bzw. m zu der heteromorphen Bande 10 C 3 in Arm I L durch Austausch-Analyse mit Bruchkontaktpunkten geschlechtsgekoppelter Translokationen bestätigt. Der Locus der Augenfarbmutation w liegt in unmittelbarer Nähe davon. Der Genort der Augenfarbmutation r ist in Arm I R, in Abschnitt 3 B/C gelegen.Im mittellangen Chromosom II werden zwei Genorte eingegrenzt: die Larvenfarbmutation d ist am distalen Ende des Armes II L gelegen; die Augenfarbmutation ru im zentralen Teil des Armes II R, zwischen den Abschnitten 29 A-21 A. Im langen Chromosom III ist der Genort der Männchen-begrenzten Palpenmutation kps dem Arm III L zugeordnet worden.Eine Zuordnung zu einer distinkten Bande oder Struktur war nur für den Geschlechtsfaktor möglich. Mit den vorliegenden Werten wird für Culex pipiens erstmals eine grobe cytologische Genkarte erstellt.
Gene mapping on the salivary gland chromosomes of the mosquito Culex pipiens L.
Summary Crossing experiments were done with several mutations and aberrant lines of the mosquito Culex pipiens L. Gene loci and chromosomal structure could be correlated by comparing crossover rates of mutations with breakage points of chromosomal aberrations in the larval salivary gland chromosomes. This confirms linkage groups and their correlated chromosomes.Before comparing crossover rates in one chromosome in different experiments, the problem of different crossover rates between two distinct factors should be solved. The reason for these different rates is not sex, age or small chromosomal aberrations in the heterozygous individuals. It could be interstrain behaviour, characteristic for each strain. This was shown by comparing crossover rates of an allelomorph mutation in two different laboratory strains. Therefore, only results within one pure strain or between two strains with known correlation can be compared. In the small chromosome I, the correlation of the sex-determining allelomorphs M and m with the heteromorphic band 10 C 3 in arm I L was confirmed. This was done by crossover analysis of breakpoints in sex-linked aberrations. The locus of the eye colour mutation w is situated near this band. The eye colour mutation r is located in the segment 3 B/C in arm I R.In chromosome II, two gene loci are narrowed down: the larval colour mutation d is situated on the distal end of arm II L, the eye colour mutation ru in the central part of arm II R. In chromosome III, the male-limited mutation kps is located in arm III L.Hitherto only the sex-factor could be correlated which a distinct structure, i.e. the heteromorphic band 10 C 3 in arm I L. The results of the described experiments made it possible for the first time to establish a cytological gene map of Culex pipiens.相似文献
3.
Class A scavenger receptor-mediated adhesion and internalization require distinct cytoplasmic domains 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Class A scavenger receptors (SR-A) are transmembrane glycoproteins that mediate both ligand internalization and cell adhesion. Previous studies have identified specific amino acids in the cytoplasmic tail of SR-A that regulate receptor internalization; however, the role of cytoplasmic domains in regulating cell adhesion has not been addressed. To investigate the role of cytoplasmic domains in SR-A-mediated adhesion and to address whether SR-A-mediated adhesion and internalization require distinct cytoplasmic domains, different SR-A constructs were stably expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells. Deleting the entire cytoplasmic tail (SR-A Delta 1-55) greatly reduced receptor protein abundance. Retaining the six amino acids proximal to the membrane (SR-A Delta 1-49) restored receptor protein abundance. Although SR-A Delta 1-49 localized to the cell surface, cells expressing this receptor failed to internalize the ligand acetylated low density lipoprotein. Replacing the cytoplasmic tail of SR-A with that of the transferrin receptor (TfR/SR-A) resulted in retention of the chimeric receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum suggesting a specific role for the membrane-proximal amino acids in trafficking SR-A from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi. Like SR-A expressing cells, cells expressing SR-A Delta 1-49 displayed increased spreading and adhesion, demonstrating that the membrane-proximal amino acids were sufficient for SR-A-mediated cell adhesion. Together, our results indicate a critical role for the membrane-proximal amino acids in SR-A trafficking and demonstrate that SR-A-mediated adhesion and internalization require distinct cytoplasmic domains. 相似文献
4.
Acarbose attenuates experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C Ponomarenko A DeCarli LM 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2004,315(3):699-703
The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose is beneficial in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. To determine whether it attenuates the commonly associated non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), we used an experimental NASH model. Rats were fed ad libitum a nutritionally adequate high fat diet (71% of calories as fat) with or without acarbose (200 mg/1000 calories) for 3 weeks. All rats given the high fat diet only developed typical NASH whereas acarbose attenuated several of the characteristic hepatic alterations of NASH: there was less steatosis and inflammation, with a significant reduction in the mRNA of the hepatic inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and of its protein. There was also a decrease in the CYP2E1 mRNA and in collagen, with similar trends for CYP2E1 protein and procollagen mRNA. Because acarbose attenuates many of the hepatic alterations associated with experimental NASH, it is now indicated to determine whether it exerts similar beneficial effects in patients afflicted by this disease. 相似文献
5.
Lisa Mullen Eva-Maria Hanschmann Christopher Horst Lillig Leonore A Herzenberg Pietro Ghezzi 《Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)》2015,21(1):98-108
Nonclassical protein secretion is of major importance as a number of cytokines and inflammatory mediators are secreted via this route. Current evidence indicates that there are several mechanistically distinct methods of nonclassical secretion. We have shown recently that peroxiredoxin (Prdx) 1 and Prdx2 are released by various cells upon exposure to inflammatory stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). The released Prdx then acts to induce production of inflammatory cytokines. However, Prdx1 and 2 do not have signal peptides and therefore must be secreted by alternative mechanisms, as has been postulated for the inflammatory mediators interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). We show here that circulating Prdx1 and 2 are present exclusively as disulfide-linked homodimers. Inflammatory stimuli also induce in vitro release of Prdx1 and 2 as disulfide-linked homodimers. Mutation of cysteines Cys51 or Cys172 (but not Cys70) in Prdx2, and Cys52 or Cys173 (but not Cys71 or Cys83) in Prdx1 prevented dimer formation and this was associated with inhibition of their TNF-α-induced release. Thus, the presence and oxidation of key cysteine residues in these proteins are a prerequisite for their secretion in response to TNF-α, and this release can be induced with an oxidant. By contrast, the secretion of the nuclear-associated danger signal HMGB1 is independent of cysteine oxidation, as shown by experiments with a cysteine-free HMGB1 mutant. Release of Prdx1 and 2 is not prevented by inhibitors of the classical secretory pathway, instead, both Prdx1 and 2 are released in exosomes from both human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells and monocytic cells. Serum Prdx1 and 2 also are associated with the exosomes. These results describe a novel pathway of protein secretion mediated by cysteine oxidation that underlines the importance of redox-dependent signaling mechanisms in inflammation. 相似文献
6.
Leonore Steinke 《Planta》1940,30(5):757-779
Ohne ZusammenfassungMit 14 Textabbildungen (18 Einzelbildern).D 9 相似文献
7.
Leonore Brecher 《Development genes and evolution》1921,48(1-3):1-45
Ohne Zusammenfassung
Mit Tafel I und 5 Textabbildungen.
Ein Auszug dieser Arbeit erschien mit gleichlautendem Titel als Mitteilung Nr. 40 aus der Biolog. Versuchsanstalt der Akad.
d. Wiss., Zool. Abteil., Vorstand H. Przibram, im Akad. Sitzungsanzeiger Nr. 18, 1919.
Mit Tafel I und 5 Textabbildungen. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
Curt Kosswig 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1934,6(2):40-47
Ohne ZusammenfassungSoweit in der Arbeit keine neuen Tatsachen beigebracht werden, sei bezüglich der Literatur verwiesen aufKosswig, C.: Arch. Entw.mechan.128, 393–446 (1933).Die Berechtigung zur Verwendung des Symbolsz für das zum Heterochromosom des Platypoecilus homologe Chromosom ergibt sich aus den folgenden Absätzen. 相似文献