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1.
    
As part of a structural genomics project, the crystal structure of a 314‐amino‐acid protein encoded by Thermus thermophilus HB8 gene TT1099 was solved to 1.75 Å using the multiple‐wavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) method and a selenomethionine‐incorporated protein. The native protein structure was solved to 1.5 Å using the molecular‐replacement method. Both structures revealed a bound ligand, l ‐glutamate or l ‐glutamine, and a fold related to the periplasmic substrate‐binding proteins (PSBP). Further comparative structural analysis with other PSBP‐fold proteins revealed the conservation of the predicted membrane permease binding surface area and indicated that the T. thermophilus HB8 molecule is most likely to be an l ‐­glutamate and/or an l ‐glutamine‐binding protein related to the cluster 3 periplasmic receptors. However, the geometry of ligand binding is unique to the T. thermophilus HB8 molecule.  相似文献   
2.
A restriction map of chicken embryo lethal orphan (CELO) virus DNA was reported with ten restriction endonucleases (XbaI, XhoI, SalI, HindIII, EcoRI, BglI, KpnI, BamHI, PstI and SstI). CELO virus DNA was estimated by comparing CELO virus DNA fragments with marker DNA fragments to have a molecular weight of 29.3·106.  相似文献   
3.
Archaeal H(+)-ATPase (A-ATPase) is composed of an A(1) region that hydrolyzes ATP and an integral membrane part A(0) that conducts protons. Subunit E is a component of peripheral stator(s) that physically links A(1) and A(0) parts of the A-ATPase. Here we report the first crystal structure of subunit E of A-ATPase from Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3 at 1.85 A resolution. The protomer structure of subunit E represents a novel fold. The quaternary structure of subunit E is a homodimer, which may constitute the core part of the stator. To investigate the relationship with other stator subunit H, the complex of subunits EH was prepared and characterized using electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, N-terminal sequencing and circular dichroism spectroscopy, which revealed the polymeric and highly helical nature of the EH complex with equimolar stoichiometry of both the subunits. On the basis of the modular architecture of stator subunits, it is suggested that both cytoplasm and membrane sides of the EH complex may interact with other subunits to link A(1) and A(0) parts.  相似文献   
4.
Escherichia coli cytosolic glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase, UgpQ, functions in the absence of other proteins encoded by the ugp operon and requires Mg2+, Mn2+, or Co2+, in contrast to Ca2+-dependent periplasmic glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase, GlpQ. UgpQ has broad substrate specificity toward various glycerophosphodiesters, producing sn-glycerol-3-phosphate and the corresponding alcohols. UgpQ accumulates under conditions of phosphate starvation, suggesting that it allows the utilization of glycerophosphodiesters as a source of phosphate. These results clarify how E. coli utilizes glycerophosphodiesters using two homologous enzymes, UgpQ and GlpQ.  相似文献   
5.
    
Fuculose phosphate aldolase catalyzes the reversible cleavage of l ‐fuculose‐1‐­phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and l ‐lactaldehyde. The protein from Thermus thermophilus HB8 is a biological tetramer with a subunit molecular weight of 21 591 Da. Purified FucA has been crystallized using sitting‐drop vapour‐diffusion and microbatch techniques at 293 K. The crystals belong to space group P4, with unit‐cell parameters a = b = 100.94, c = 45.87 Å. The presence of a dimer of the enzyme in the asymmetric unit was estimated to give a Matthews coefficient (VM) of 2.7 Å3 Da−1 and a solvent content of 54.2%(v/v). Three‐wavelength diffraction MAD data were collected to 2.3 Å from zinc‐containing crystals. Native diffraction data to 1.9 Å resolution have been collected using synchrotron radiation at SPring‐8.  相似文献   
6.
    
Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5CDh) plays an important role in the metabolic pathway from proline to glutamate. It irreversibly catalyzes the oxidation of glutamate-gamma-semialdehyde, the product of the non-enzymatic hydrolysis of Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, into glutamate with the reduction of NAD(+) into NADH. We have confirmed the P5CDh activity of the Thermus thermophilus protein TT0033 (TtP5CDh), and determined the crystal structure of the enzyme in the ligand-free form at 1.4 A resolution. To investigate the structural basis of TtP5CDh function, the TtP5CDh structures with NAD(+), with NADH, and with its product glutamate were determined at 1.8 A, 1.9 A, and 1.4 A resolution, respectively. The solved structures suggest an overall view of the P5CDh catalytic mechanism and provide insights into the P5CDh deficiencies in the case of the human type II hyperprolinemia.  相似文献   
7.
    
Biotin–protein ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the ATP‐dependent biotinylation of a specific lysine residue in acetyl‐CoA carboxylase. The biotin–protein ligase from Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3 has been cloned, overexpressed and purified. Crystallization was performed by the microbatch method or the vapour‐diffusion method using PEG 2000 as a precipitant at 295 K. X‐ray diffraction data have been collected to 1.6 Å resolution from a native crystal and to 1.55 Å resolution from a selenomethionine‐derivative crystal for multiple anomalous dispersion phasing using synchrotron radiation at 100 K. The native crystal belongs to the monoclinic space group P21, with unit‐cell parameters a = 38.601, b = 78.264, c = 70.147 Å, β = 101.48°. Assuming a homodimer per asymmetric unit gives a VM value of 2.14 Å3 Da−1 and a solvent content of 42.5%. Cocrystals with biotin, ADP and biotinyl‐5′‐AMP were prepared and diffraction data sets were collected to 1.6, 1.6 and 1.45 Å resolution, respectively.  相似文献   
8.
Triglycerides within the cytosol of cells are stored in a phylogenetically conserved organelle called the lipid droplet (LD). LDs can be formed at the endoplasmic reticulum, but mechanisms that regulate the formation of LDs are incompletely understood. Adipose tissue has a high capacity to form lipid droplets and store triglycerides. Fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein 2 (FITM2/FIT2) is highly expressed in adipocytes, and data indicate that FIT2 has an important role in the formation of LDs in cells, but whether FIT2 has a physiological role in triglyceride storage in adipose tissue remains unproven. Here we show that adipose-specific deficiency of FIT2 (AF2KO) in mice results in progressive lipodystrophy of white adipose depots and metabolic dysfunction. In contrast, interscapular brown adipose tissue of AF2KO mice accumulated few but large LDs without changes in cellular triglyceride levels. High fat feeding of AF2KO mice or AF2KO mice on the genetically obese ob/ob background accelerated the onset of lipodystrophy. At the cellular level, primary adipocyte precursors of white and brown adipose tissue differentiated in vitro produced fewer but larger LDs without changes in total cellular triglyceride or triglyceride biosynthesis. These data support the conclusion that FIT2 plays an essential, physiological role in fat storage in vivo.  相似文献   
9.
IL-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine and plays an important pathogenic role in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. IL-17 is also a proinflammatory cytokine and IL-17-secreting Th17 cells are involved in autoimmunity. However, the pathological roles of IL-18 and Th17 cells in Sj?gren's syndrome (SS) remain to be elucidated. This study showed that the expression of IL-18 was detected in acinar cells, intraducts, and CD68(+) macrophages in salivary glands of SS patients, but not in those of healthy subjects or patients with chronic graft-vs-host disease, by immunohistochemistry, and immunoblot analysis revealed that 24-kDa precursor form of IL-18 (proIL-18) and 18-kDa mature IL-18 were detected in SS salivary glands. The majority of the infiltrating cells in the salivary glands of SS patients were CD4(+) T cells, and CD8(+) T cells were infiltrated to a lesser extent. The predominant expression of IL-17 was found in infiltrating CD4(+) T cells, whereas a small number of infiltrating CD8(+) T cells expressed IL-17. Human salivary gland HSY and acinar AZA3 cells constitutively expressed proIL-18 and caspase-1, and a calcium ionophore A23187 induced the secretion of IL-18 from the cells. HSY and AZA3 cells expressed IL-18R and IL-17R on the cell surface, and IL-18 amplified the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 that were induced by low amounts of IL-17. Primary salivary gland cells from normal subjects partially confirmed these findings. These results suggest that IL-18 and Th17 cells detected in the salivary glands in SS patients are associated with the pathogenesis of SS in the salivary glands.  相似文献   
10.
    
Lactoferrin (Lf) may play a key role in the clearance of microorganisms from a host. To study in vitro the bactericidal mechanisms of Lf during nonlactating periods, we investigated whether the effects of Lf were influenced by bovine mammary gland secretory cells (MGSC) and fresh normal bovine serum (NBS) as a source of complement. Phagocytic killing tests demonstrated that a phagocytic mixture of unopsonized Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and MGSC in the presence of Lf reduced bacterial growth, compared with that of unopsonized S. aureus and MGSC without Lf. The opsonization with Lf and fresh NBS together resulted in more than a 95% reduction in CFU. The activation of complement induced by Lf also resulted in increased deposition of C3 on S. aureus, and the phagocytic activity of MGSC was augmented by opsonization with Lf and fresh NBS. Inhibition of C3 deposition by Lf was not induced in the presence of Mg-EGTA, but was induced by the addition of bovine Lf antiserum. These results strongly suggest that Lf induces the activation of complement in fresh NBS mainly through an alternative pathway. The results demonstrated a Lf-dependent, antibody-independent and complement-mediated phagocytic killing of S. aureus, and implied that Lf was synergistically capable of activating both the alternative pathway of the bovine complement cascade and phagocytosis by phagocytes.  相似文献   
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