Starch Binding Domain-containing Protein 1/Genethonin 1 Is a Novel Participant in Glycogen Metabolism

Stbd1 is a protein of previously unknown function that is most prevalent in liver and muscle, the major sites for storage of the energy reserve glycogen. The protein is predicted to contain a hydrophobic N terminus and a C-terminal CBM20 glycan binding domain. Here, we show that Stbd1 binds to glycogen in vitro and that endogenous Stbd1 locates to perinuclear compartments in cultured mouse FL83B or Rat1 cells. When overexpressed in COSM9 cells, Stbd1 concentrated at enlarged perinuclear structures, co-localized with glycogen, the late endosomal/lysosomal marker LAMP1 and the autophagy protein GABARAPL1. Mutant Stbd1 lacking the N-terminal hydrophobic segment had a diffuse distribution throughout the cell. Point mutations in the CBM20 domain did not change the perinuclear localization of Stbd1, but glycogen was no longer concentrated in this compartment. Stable overexpression of glycogen synthase in Rat1WT4 cells resulted in accumulation of glycogen as massive perinuclear deposits, where a large fraction of the detectable Stbd1 co-localized. Starvation of Rat1WT4 cells for glucose resulted in dissipation of the massive glycogen stores into numerous and much smaller glycogen deposits that retained Stbd1. In vitro, in cells, and in animal models, Stbd1 consistently tracked with glycogen. We conclude that Stbd1 is involved in glycogen metabolism by binding to glycogen and anchoring it to membranes, thereby affecting its cellular localization and its intracellular trafficking to lysosomes.     

Genome‐wide scans to detect positive selection in Large White and Tongcheng pigs

Due to the direction, intensity, duration and consistency of genetic selection, especially recent artificial selection, the production performance of domestic pigs has been greatly changed. Therefore, we reasoned that there must be footprints or selection signatures that had been left during domestication. In this study, with porcine 60K BeadChip genotyping data from both commercial Large White and local Chinese Tongcheng pigs, we calculated the extended haplotype homozygosity values of the two breeds using the long‐range haplotype method to detect selection signatures. We found 34 candidate regions, including 61 known genes, from Large White pigs and 25 regions comprising 57 known genes from Tongcheng pigs. Many selection signatures were found on SSC1, SSC4, SSC7 and SSC14 regions in both populations. According to quantitative trait loci and network pathway analyses, most of the regions and genes were linked to growth, reproduction and immune responses. In addition, the average genetic differentiation coefficient F_ST was 0.254, which means that there had already been a significant differentiation between the breeds. The findings from this study can contribute to further research on molecular mechanisms of pig evolution and domestication and also provide valuable references for improvement of their breeding and cultivation.     

利用腺病毒DNA与爪蟾卵提取物在非细胞体系中重构细胞核(简报)

1983年,Lohka和Masui首先报道,用精子染色质与卵提取物一起温育,可以组装成具有典型结构的细胞核。这种核不仅具有合成DNA的能力,而且还能进入M期。同年,     

农业生态系统中新物种引进的初步探讨

在现有的农业生态系统中,引进某些新物种,往往可以使整个系统的功能发生变化。如果新物种引进得当,则可产生良好的效果,系统功能得以改善,效益提高;反之,则会造成人力、物力、财力的损失,削弱系统的功能,甚至可能遗患无穷。因此,对农业生态系统中     

自花授粉作物杂交育种组合潜势的预测和比较

在黄花烟草Nicotiana russica中,开花期这一性状用V_5作亲本可能产生较大变异,无论是选择早开花的还是选择迟开花的,都有较大机会得到理想目标株系;对于株高这一性状,含有V(?)的组合可望有较大机会产生高于标准品种的株系。通过组合间育种潜势的比较,能了解各亲本中基因分布的基本情况,进而进行客观评价并对杂交组合做出取舍。试验证明,用一个组合的早期世代的参数m和D来预测高世代或纯系的育种潜势是可行的。     

Isolation and identification of a non-specific tandemly repeated DNA sequence in Oryza species

A tandemly repeated DNA sequence (RRS7) was isolated from Oryza alta (CCDD). RRS7-related sequences were also found tandemly arrayed in genomes AA, BB, BBCC, CC, and EE, and a small amount of RRS7-related sequences were detected in genome FF and the Oryza species with unknown genomes. DNA sequence analysis of the 1844-bp insert of RRS7 revealed that it contained six tandemly repeated units, of which five were 155 bp in length and one was 194 bp in length and contained an imperfect internal 39-bp duplication. Southern blot analysis showed that the boundary sequence contained in RRS7 is a single-copy sequence. A 155-bp consensus sequence derived from the six monomeric repeats contained no internal repeat and showed no significant homology to other currently known sequences. The results of Southern blot and sequence analysis revealed that there are at least two subfamilies present in the RRS7 family; these are represented by the DraI site and the MspI site, respectively. Restriction digestion with two pairs of isoschizomers MboI/Sau3A and MspI/HpaII demonstrated that most of the C residues in the GATC sites and the internal C in the CCGG sites of the RRS7 family in O. Alta were methylated. The usefulness of the RRS7 family in determining the evolutionary relationship of the genome DD and other Oryza genomes is discussed.     

长白山劲松林场植物群落的分类和排序

将长白山白河林业局劲松林场的５４块样地用聚类分析法划分成６个植被类群,再用ＰＣ－ＶＴＡＢ程序中经过改进的Ｂｒａｕｎ－Ｂｌａｎｑｕｅｔ学派的植被排表分析法进行综合,产生了鉴别概要表,为各个等级的植被类群筛选出诊断种。此外,还用鉴别种地样地记录进行主成分分析,以验证诊断种的有效性,结果表明,ＰＣ－ＶＴＡＢ中的植被排表分析法是筛选鉴别种的有效方法,而鉴别种以显著地提高植被分析和排序的质量。     

胆红素自由基对大鼠肝细胞损伤作用的研究

用不同自由基源处理的胆红素与鼠肝细胞相互作用,结果表明：胆红素自由基可引起鼠肝细胞脂质过氧化,使总谷胱甘肽及ＧＳＳＧ水平明显下降,细胞损伤后,乳酸脱氢酶外漏,上述结果与自由基浓度正相关,而与其种类无关,牛血清白蛋白有明显的抑制作用。差示光谱表明：胆红素可能与细胞色素Ｐ－４５０快速形成络合物。根据以上结果,重点讨论了胆红素自由基对肝细胞损伤的化学本质及其与胆结石形成的关系。