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1.
Cloning, analysis, and bacterial expression of human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase and its regulation in Hep G2 cells 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
B T Sheares S S White D T Molowa K Chan V D Ding P A Kroon R G Bostedor J D Karkas 《Biochemistry》1989,28(20):8129-8135
A partial length cDNA encoding farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase (hpt807) has been isolated from a human fetal liver cDNA library in lambda gt11. DNA sequence analysis reveals hpt807 is 1115 bp in length and contains an open reading frame coding for 346 amino acids before reaching a stop codon, a polyadenylation addition sequence, and the first 14 residues of a poly(A+) tail. Considerable nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence homology is observed between hpt807 and previously isolated rat liver cDNAs for farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase. Comparison with rat cDNAs suggests that hpt807 is about 20 bp short of encoding the initiator methionine of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase. The human cDNA was cloned into a prokaryotic expression vector and Escherichia coli strain DH5 alpha F'IQ was transformed. Clones were isolated that express an active fusion protein which can be readily observed on protein gels and specifically stained on immunoblots with an antibody raised against purified chicken farnesyl pyrophosphate phosphate synthetase. These data confirm the identity of hpt807 as encoding farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase. Slot blot analyses of RNA isolated from Hep G2 cells show that the expression of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase mRNA is regulated. Lovastatin increases mRNA levels for farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase 2.5-fold while mevalonic acid, low-density lipoprotein, and 25-hydroxycholesterol decrease mRNA levels to 40-50% of control values. 相似文献
2.
Merritt Robert B. Kroon Wendy Hoffman Wienski Deborah A. Vincent Karen A. 《Biochemical genetics》1984,22(7-8):669-686
Genetic variation is described at 15 loci in 2 neotenic and 12 nonneotenic populations of red-spotted newts. Though high levels of genetic similarity (I=0.990) were found among all populations, allele frequencies at six of the eight most polymorphic loci show significant heterogeneity across populations. Change in allele frequencies at two of these loci (Pep-2 and Ldh-1) is significantly correlated with latitude. Interspecific homologies are established for newt peptidases based on substrate specificities and lactate dehydrogenases based on tissue distribution, thermal stability, and kinetic properties. Nonneotenic populations are highly variable (H=0.157) and neotenic populations are only slightly, but significantly, less variable (H=0.120). The high levels of heterozygosity detected in nonneotenic populations may result from large effective population size and/or environmental heterogeneity. The unexpectedly high heterozygosity values obtained for the neotenic populations may indicate adult dispersal or the presence of some previously undetected red efts at these localities. In any case, a major change in life history has apparently had little effect on the genetic structure of these populations.This research was supported by grants from the Blakeslee Fund of Smith College. 相似文献
3.
4.
Peter Van t Sant Albert M. Kroon 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression》1983,739(1):57-65
In a previous paper (Van 't Sant, P., Mak, J.F.C. and Kroon, A.M. (1981) Eur. J. Biochem. 121, 21–26) we showed the existence of three elongated precursor proteins (45, 36 and 25 kDa) of mitochondrial translation products in Neurospora crassa. We presented some indications that the largest precursor could be related to subunit 1 of cytochrome c oxidase. Here we present conclusive evidence that the 45-kDa polypeptide is indeed this precursor by demonstrating that an immunodetectable 45-kDa polypeptide displays the same behaviour as the labeled 45-kDa precursor; both accumulate after long incubation with cycloheximide or by decreasing the temperature and both are not tightly membrane bound. Moreover the antibody against subunit 1 of cytochrome c oxidase also recognizes, in immunoadsorption experiments, besides subunit 1, the 45-kDa polypeptide accumulated by cycloheximide incubation. Furthermore, we developed a small scale purification of antibodies against subunit 1 of cytochrome c oxidase. By means of these purified antibodies it is demonstrated that the 45-kDa polypeptide and subunit 1 have corresponding antigenic determinants. Under the various conditions tested, all three precursors are less firmly membrane-bound than the mature subunits. Finally, it is observed that in short incubations in vivo, chloramphenicol inhibits the processing of the mitochondrially synthesized precursors, under conditions where mitochondrial translation is only partially inhibited. 相似文献
5.
A. G. M. Kroon M. A. Pomper C. G. van Ginkel 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1994,42(1):134-139
Pseudomonas MA3 was isolated from activated sludge on the basis of its capacity to use dodecyldimethylamine as a sole carbon (C) and energy source. Dodecylamine, dodecanal, dodecanoic acid and acetic acid also supported growth of Pseudomonas MA3. Dodecyldimethylamine-grown cells oxidized a wide range of alkylamine derivatives, dodecanal, dodecanoic acid and acetic acid. Degradation of the alkyl chain of dodecyldimethylamine by Pseudomonas MA3 appeared from the stoichiometric liberation of dimethylamine. A dehydrogenase catalysed the cleavage of the Calkyl-N bond. The first intermediate of the proposed degradation pathway, dodecanal, accumulated in the presence of decanal used as a competitive inhibitor. The second intermediate,dodecanoic acid, was formed in the presence of acrylic acid during the degradation of dodecyldimethylamine. Dodecanal was converted into dodecanoic acid by a dehydrogenase and dodecanoic acid was then degraded via the oxidation pathway. 相似文献
6.
Flexible life history responses to flower and rosette bud removal in three perennial herbs 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
In a garden experiment we investigated the response to continuous removal of either flower buds or rosette buds in three perennial grassland species ( Hypochaeris radicata , Succisa pratensis and Centaurea jacea ), which differ in longevity and flowering type. We distinguished two possible responses: compensation for lost buds by making more buds of the same type, and switching towards development of other life history functions. Both responses were demonstrated in our experiment, but bud removal had significantly different effects in each of the three species. The degree of compensation and the expression of trade-offs between life history functions differed markedly between species and seem related to longevity and developmental constraints. With respect to switching, our results suggest costs of reproduction and a trade-off between life history functions, at least for Hypochaeris and Succisa . For these species weight of new rosettes increased when resource allocation to flowering was inhibited. In Hypochaeris, we see that both compensation for lost flower buds and switching from lost rosette buds increased production of flower buds, underscoring the pivotal role of sexual reproduction in this short-lived species. The most prominent response seen in Centaurea is compensation for lost rosette buds, indicating that this long-lived species with monocarpic rosettes relies on rosette formation. Although Succisa does respond to bud removal, time is an important constraint in this species with long-lived rosettes and preformed flowering stalks. Trade-offs in Succisa seem to operate at a larger time scale, requiring long-lasting experiments to reveal them. We conclude that the response of these species to inflicted damage is likely to be linked to their longevity and developmental constraints. 相似文献
7.
Dog-DAT: a direct agglutination test using stabilized, freeze-dried antigen for the serodiagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Linda Oskam Rob J. Slappendel Eef G.M. Beijer Nel C.M. Kroon Cor W. van Ingen Seray Özensoy Yusuf Özbel Wiepko J. Terpstra 《FEMS immunology and medical microbiology》1996,16(3-4):235-239
Abstract We have evaluated the use of an improved direct agglutination test (DAT) based on stable, freeze-dried antigen for the detection of anti- Leishmania antibodies in canine serum samples. With a cut-off value of 1:640, the sensitivity of the DAT was shown to be 100% and the specificity of the test was 98.8%. 相似文献
8.
HENRIK GLENNER MARKJ. GRYGIER JENS T. HØEG PETER G.JENSEN FREDERICK R. SCHRAM F.L.S. 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》1995,114(4):365-404
We present a cladistic analysis of the Cirripedia Thoracica using morphological characters and the Acrothoracica and Ascothoracida as outgroups. The list of characters comprised 32 shell and soft body features. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) comprised 26 well-studied fossil and extant taxa, principally genera, since uncertainty about monophyly exists for most higher ranking taxonomic units. Parsimony analyses using PAUP 3.1.1 and Hennig86 produced 189 trees of assured minimal length. We also examined character evolution in the consensus trees using MacClade and Clados. The monophyly of the Balanomorpha and the Verrucomorpha sensu stricto is confirmed, and all trees featured a sister group relationship between the ‘living fossil Neoverruca and me Brachylepadomorpha. In the consensus trees the sequential progression of ‘pedunculate‘sister groups up to a node containing Neolepas also conforms to current views, but certain well-established taxa based solely on plesiomorphies stand out as paraphyletic, such as Pedunculata (= Lepadomorpha); Eolepadinae, Scalpellomorpha and Chthamaloidea. The 189 trees differed principally in the position of shell-less pedunculates, Neoverruca, the scalpelloid Capitulum, and the interrelationships within the Balanomorpha, although the 50% majority rule consensus tree almost fully resolved the latter. A monophyletic Sessilia comprising both Verrucomorpha and Balanomorpha appeared among the shortest trees, but not in the consensus. A tree with a monophyletic Verrucomorpha including Neoverruca had a tree length two steps longer than the consensus trees. Deletion of all extinct OTUs produced a radically different tree, which highlights the importance of fossils in estimating cirripede phylogeny. Mapping of our character set onto a manually constructed cladogram reflecting die most recent scenario of cirripede evolution resulted in a tree length five steps longer than any of our shortest trees. Our analysis reveals that several key questions in cirripede phylogeny remain unsolved, notably the position of shell-less forms and the transition from ‘pedunculate‘to ‘sessile‘barnacles. The inclusion of more fossil species at this point in our understanding of cirripede phylogeny will only result in even greater levels of uncertainty. When constructing the character list we also identified numerous uncertainties in the homology of traits commonly used in discussing cirripede evolution. Our study highlights larval ultrastructure, detailed studies of early ontogeny, and molecular data as the most promising areas for future research. 相似文献
9.
Removal of enteric viruses from surface water at eight waterworks in The Netherlands. 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
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Eight waterworks in The Netherlands, which use surface water as their raw water source, were sampled repeatedly between November 1978 and June 1981. At five waterworks , 30 of 45 samples of raw water contained viruses. Of 55 samples of partially purified water, 11 were virus positive, including 8 after coagulation, sedimentation, and rapid sand filtration, 2 after storage, coagulation, sedimentation, transport chlorination, and rapid sand filtration, and 1 after storage in open reservoirs for 5 months. No viruses were detected in 100 samples of drinking water of 500 liters each from six waterworks . Most isolated viruses were typed, and a great variety of human enteroviruses were found, reflecting both pollution of raw water sources with sewage and vaccination with oral polio vaccine in neighboring countries. 相似文献
10.
The histidine-binding protein J of Salmonella typhimurium binds L-histidine as a first step in the high-affinity active transport of this amino acid across the cytoplasmic membrane. High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to monitor the conformation of histidine-binding protein J in the presence and absence of substrate. Evidence is presented to show that this binding protein undergoes a conformational change involving a substantial number of amino-acid residues (including tryptophans) in the presence of L-histidine and that this change is specific for L-histidine. In order to monitor the involvement of tryptophan residues in the substrate-induced conformational change, 5-fluorotryptophan has been incorporated biosynthetically into the histidine-binding protein J using a tryptophan autotroph of Salmonella typhimurium. There are no significant differences in the conformation and binding activity between the 5-fluorotryptophan-labeled and the normal histidine-binding protein J. Proton and fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the 5-fluorotryptophan-labeled binding protein show that at least one (and possibly two) of the tryptophan residues undergo(es) a change toward a more hydrophobic environment in the presence of L-histidine. These observations are supported by fluorescence data and by differences in the reactivity of the tryptophan residues of this protein toward N-bromosuccinimide in the presence and absence of substrate. The present results are consistent with models for the action of periplasmic-binding proteins in shock-sensitive transport systems of gram-negative bacteria which require a substrate-induced conformational change prior to the energy-dependent translocation of substrates. 相似文献