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1.
Bruce R. Dorrbecker Susan H. Mercik Paul A. Kramer 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》1984,336(1)
A high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure is reported for reproducibly and sensitively quantitating caffeine and its N-demethylated metabolite paraxanthine in micro-samples. A 5-μm reversed-phase radial compression column and 214-nm fixed wavelength ultraviolet detector were used to attain a sensitivity sufficient to quantitate these compounds at concentratios as low as 80 ng/ml using only 25 μl of sample. The assay is applicable to microliter samples of whole blood, serum, plasma, saliva, amniotic, cerebro-spinal and gastric fluids such as might be obtained in studies involving small animals or neonates. The utility of the assay is illustrated with caffeine and paraxanthine levels measured in several maternal and fetal fluids following constant-rate intravenous infusion of caffeine into a rabbit throughout pregnancy. 相似文献
2.
Dielectric spectroscopy is a non-invasive contact technique that permits the in vivo measurement of the specific electrical properties of biological tissue induced by an external electrical field. Permittivity, relaxation time and specific conductivity as a function of corneal hydration (wet weight/dry weight) and temperature were measured in 10 porcine corneas. Variation of tissue hydration has a minor influence on the signal, with a significant variation of the signal being detectable only for relatively dry tissue. A much greater influence was found for temperature, in particular on relaxation times. Dielectric spectroscopy provides us with an opportunity to detect structural, in particular temperature-induced, changes in living tissue. In the frequency range investigated, hydration has only a small influence on the dielectric properties of the tissue. 相似文献
3.
4.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) enhances antibody production and protein kinase activity in murine B cells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C M Kramer K W Johnson R K Dooley M P Holsapple 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1987,145(1):25-33
Treatment of murine spleen cells with 30 nM TCDD resulted in an approximately 3 fold increase in unstimulated antibody production after 3 days in culture. This response was not accompanied by increased cellular proliferation and may represent an effect of TCDD on B cell activation or differentiation. Since PMA is capable of activating B cells, presumably via PKC, we have compared the effects of PMA and TCDD on protein kinase activation and phosphorylation of endogenous proteins in a highly purified preparation of B cells. In contrast to a reduction of cytosolic PKC activity, the expected effect of PMA, TCDD caused an increase in basal kinase activity with no effect on PKC activity. Addition of either PMA or TCDD resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of a similar profile of proteins, including proteins of Mr 12.2, 14.6, 29.2, 52.3 and 62.7 KDa. Addition of TCDD also resulted in the increased phosphorylation of a protein of Mr 45.2, which was unaffected by PMA. Combined treatment with PMA and TCDD resulted in additive responses. The additive effects of PMA and TCDD suggest an interaction at the level of protein phosphorylation which is mediated by different kinases. Therefore, TCDD may be stimulating B cells via an early effect on an unidentified protein kinase. 相似文献
5.
Efficient oligonucleotide-directed construction of mutations in expression vectors by the gapped duplex DNA method using alternating selectable markers. 总被引:67,自引:9,他引:58 下载免费PDF全文
P Stanssens C Opsomer Y M McKeown W Kramer M Zabeau H J Fritz 《Nucleic acids research》1989,17(12):4441-4454
An efficient method for the construction of multiple mutations in a sequential manner is described. It is based on the gapped duplex DNA approach to oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis (Kramer et al. 1984, Nucl. Acids Res. 12, 9441-9456) and a set of newly constructed phasmid vectors. These are characterized by the following features. Presence of the phage fl replication origin permits ready conversion to the single stranded DNA form. An amber mutation within, alternatively, the bla or cat gene provides a means for ready selection of the strand into which the mutagenic oligonucleotide has been incorporated. By means of the alternating antibiotic resistance markers any number of mutations can be constructed in consecutive rounds of mutagenesis. The optional presence of gene expression signals allows the direct overproduction of structurally altered proteins without re-cloning. Both the mutagenesis and expression aspects were tested using the lacZ gene as a model. 相似文献
6.
B J Marsden F D Sauer B A Blackwell J K Kramer 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1989,159(3):1404-1410
The methylcoenzyme M methylreductase reaction has an absolute requirement for 7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate or component B, which is the active component of the intact molecule previously referred to as cytoplasmic cofactor. A hydrolytic fragment of cytoplasmic cofactor has been purified and identified as uridine 5'-(O-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-manno-pyranuronosyl acid (1----4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-glucopyranosyl diphosphate) by high resolution NMR and fast atom bombardment mass spectro-metry. It is postulated that UDP-disaccharide may function to anchor 7-mercaptoheptanoyl threonine phosphate at the active site of the methyl-reductase enzyme complex. 相似文献
7.
The rabbit reticulocyte Mr 90,000 protein associated with the heme-sensitive eIF-2 alpha kinase has been identified previously as the mammalian heat shock protein of this size class (hsp 90). Purified reticulocyte hsp 90 when added exogenously to the kinase increases its activity. This stimulatory effect is abolished after incubation of hsp 90 with a highly purified type 1 phosphoprotein phosphatase isolated from reticulocytes. Phosphorylation of dephosphorylated hsp 90 by casein kinase II but not by cAMP-dependent protein kinase restores the biological activity of hsp 90 to stimulate eIF-2 alpha phosphorylation. 相似文献
8.
Molecular cloning of complementary DNA encoding maize nitrite reductase: molecular analysis and nitrate induction 总被引:9,自引:6,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
Complementary DNA has been isolated that codes for maize nitrite reductase (NiR) by using the corresponding spinach gene (E Back et al. 1988 Mol Gen Genet 212:20-26) as a heterologous probe. The sequences of the complementary DNAs from the two species are 66% homologous while the deduced amino acid sequences are 86% similar when analogous amino acids are included. A high percentage of the differences in the DNA sequences is due to the extremely strong bias in the corn gene to have a G/C base in the third codon position with 559/569 codons ending in a G or C. Using a hydroponic system, maize seedlings grown in the absence of an exogenous nitrogen source were induced with nitrate or nitrite. Nitrate stimulated a rapid induction of the NiR mRNA in both roots and leaves. There is also a considerable induction of this gene in roots upon the addition of nitrite, although under the conditions used the final mRNA level was not as high as when nitrate was the inducer. There is a small but detectable level of NiR mRNA in leaves prior to induction, but no constitutive NiR mRNA can be seen in the roots. Analysis of genomic DNA supports the notion that there are at least two NiR genes in maize. 相似文献
9.
Ruth G. Troetschler Steven J. Kramer 《Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology》1992,20(1):35-47
The mode of action of a diuretic hormone from pharate adult Manduca Sexta heads, which triggers fluid loss in M. sexta larvae and Pieris rapae adults, was studied. In vivo, Mas-DH (M. sexta diuretic hormone) decreased fluid absorption from larval recta, and increased levels of the second messenger cAMP in recta and Malpighian tubules (Mt) from larvae, and in fat body of larvae and adult M. sexta. In vitro, Mas-DH triggered minor changes in fluid loss from adult Mt, but did not affect levels of cAMP in Mt from larvae, pharate adults, or adults, though it elevated cAMP levels in fat body of these stages. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
10.
A radiochemical assay has been developed for a NADP+-specific gamma-glutamate semialdehyde dehydrogenase from rat intestinal epithelial cells. The spectrophotometric assay utilized to measure the enzyme in bacterial cell homogenates is not sensitive enough for homogenates from rat mitochondria, which require an assay that can measure as little as 0.5 nmol NADPH formed/min/ml extract. The assay described here is sensitive to 0.1 nmol product formed/min/ml of extract and employs the use of [3H]pyrroline 5-carboxylate which is phosphorylated and oxidized by the enzyme to gamma-[3H]glutamyl phosphate, a product that decomposes to [3H]pyrrolidone 5-carboxylate. The latter product is separated from the substrate by ion-exchange chromatography. In order to correct for any product loss during separation by ion-exchange [14C]pyrrolidone 5-carboxylate is added as an internal standard to the deproteinized assay mixture. Under the assay conditions described mammalian gamma-glutamate semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity is linear with respect to time and protein concentration. Comparison between the kinetic parameters reported for the bacterial enzyme and those reported here for the mammalian enzyme indicate similarities in the pH optima as well as a requirement for phosphate. Kinetic studies on mammalian enzyme yield apparent Km values of 1.8 mM for pyrroline 5-carboxylate, 0.2 mM for NADP+, and 11.3 mM for phosphate. 相似文献