A new species of Galearis (Orchidinae: Orchidaceae) from Sichuan,China

A new species, Galearis huanglongensis Q.W.Meng & Y.B.Luo, is described and illustrated. It is similar to Galearis cyclochila (Franch. & Sav.) Soó and Galearis diantha (Schltr.) P.F.Hunt, but differs in having a short spur, two elliptical lateral stigma lobes and distinctly separated bursicles. This new species is known only from the type locality, the Huanglong Valley, Songpan County, western Sichuan, China, growing amongst mosses under alpine shrubs at an elevation of about 3000 m. Based on two years of observations of its population size, the species was categorized as critically endangered CR (B1a, B2a) according to the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1. The micromorphology of pollinia and seeds was observed by scanning electron microscopy and compared with that of G. cyclochila and G. diantha. The results supported G. huanglongensis Q.W.Meng & Y.B.Luo as a new species. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 158 , 689–695.     

The significance of the genotype and individual behavioral characteristics for the manifestation of the dominant phenotype in mouse micropopulations]

Influence of genotype and such individual characteristics as locomotor and exploratory activity, aggressiveness and emotionality, was studied in male mice. Males F1 and males of the parent line PT had high level of social dominance. F1 had high level of aggressiveness, and low emotionality, medium level of locomotor and exploratory activity. Significance of these individual behavioural characteristics for dominant behaviour is discussed.     

日本血吸虫尾蚴的组织化学及扫描电镜观察

日本血吸虫尾蚴具有一个头腺、2对前钻腺及3对后钻腺,其解剖学位置、构造、化学成分及功能均有区别。钻腺分泌物含有多糖酶及蛋白酶。尾蚴的前端系特化的头器结构,它具有半月形嵴、钻腺开口及乳突。     

Influence of opioid peptides on nerve tissue in vitro

The influence of opioid peptides (gamma- and beta-endorphins, leu- and met-enkephalins, as well as certain synthetic analogs of enkephalin) was investigated on organotypic cultures of rat spinal and sympathetic ganglia. The cellular composition and size of the zone of growth were evaluated on the basis of intravital observations and an analysis of the specimen obtained using the method of impregnation, according to Holmes and the detection of catecholamines with glyoxylic acid. It was established that under the action of all the investigated substances that possess high affinity for opiate receptors, growth of the neurites from an explant was enhanced, and the number of glial and fibroblastoid cells in the growth zone was increased. The effect was observed most distinctly on a model of sympathetic ganglia. The tested compounds exhibited a significant growth-stimulating effect in the range of concentrations 10^–8–10^–14 M. The maximum size of the growth zone of the explants of the sympathetic ganglia in the case of a mean effective concentration of the peptides 10^–10 M by the third to fifth day of culturing was approximately 2–2.5 times this value in the control. The reaction was similar to the response of the nerve cells to nerve growth factor, used as a standard. Thus, the opioid peptides exhibit a pronounced growth effect on the structures of the nerve tissue under conditions of culture. It is suggested that this group of compounds, together with its currently well-known functions, may play a definite role in processes of the development and regenera-of nerve tissue.Institute of Experimental Cardiology, All-Union Cardiologic Science Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 550–557, July–August, 1985.     

Hereditary syndrome of ectrodactyly, congenital heart defect and cleft lip and palate

A case of a family of he proband suffering from ektrodaktyly, together with heart defect, cleft lip and palate is reported. The parents came to the genetic counselling center to get the genetic prognosis for a next child. All together 3 cases demonstrating different types of radial defects were registered in this pedigree. The authors discuss possible causes of clinical polymorphism and accent the complications of giving genetic prognosis in such cases.     

轴浆转运在神经再生中的作用

夹伤坐骨神经阻断标记蛋白在轴浆中的快、慢转运。3天后转运再现。第14天的转运距离与对照相似,说明再生神经的转运动能基本恢复。用快、慢转运测出的14天平均再生速度分别为1.77±0.14与1.96±0.07mm/d,比对照神经的正常生长速度快6.3—7倍,提示再生需要更多的转运物质。进一步发现再生神经中某些标记蛋白(慢转运波W1)的转运速度为10.25±0.66mm/d,约比对照快1倍,因此这些标记蛋白可能包含适应再生需要而加速转运的结构和功能物质。     

从睡眠剥夺树鼩（TBC）尿液提取内源性“睡眠因子”（sleep factor）的研究

本研究报道从睡眠剥夺（ＳＤ）４８—７２ｈ的灵长类原宗（ｐｒｉｍｉｔｉｖｅｓｔｏｃｋ）Ｔｕｐａｉａｂｅｌａｎｇｅｒｉｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（ＴＢＣ）提取内源性“睡眠因子”（ｓｌｅｅｐｆａｃｔｏｒ）Ｓ２Ｃ和Ｓ４Ｂ。收集的尿液经超滤,清液冻干经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ１５分离得到ＦｒａｃｔｉｏｎⅠ－Ⅴ。活性测定发现Ｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎ－Ⅲ（Ｓ２Ｃ）呈现显著δ－增强促眠效应。经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ２５和ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＬＨ２０进一步净化的Ｓ４Ｂ也呈现显著δ－增强促眠效应。     

埃及血吸虫毛蚴表皮板的观察

埃及血吸虫毛蚴表皮板共有4排,各排数目为6:9:4:3。除第1排之外,其他各排的表皮板均由无纤毛的嵴所分隔,在第1与第2排之间的环嵴中,除第1排各板底边中央小凹处各有1感受器外,尚可见4对感受器。第2与第3排的环嵴内可见16—20个感受器。此外,于体之两侧第3排表皮板间各见1个排泄孔。顶突似六边形,于其两侧各有1个侧腺开口,其内侧可见14个感受器。本文在讨论中与前人对本虫毛蚴表皮板的描述做了简单比较。     

中国喀斯特地区微生物群落结构和功能的研究进展

频繁的人类生产活动使植被遭到破坏,造成基岩裸露的石漠化现象,严重制约了喀斯特地区自然和社会经济的发展,随着生态修复工程的大力开展,微生物群落的结构和功能在生态修复中逐渐受到重视,因为微生物作为喀斯特生态系统的重要组成部分,不仅在物质循环过程中起着重要作用,也在喀斯特生态系统修复中占有十分重要的地位。所以微生物群落结构和功能的研究可以作为衡量生态系统稳定性的重要指标。就中国喀斯特地区的典型植被恢复的不同阶段、成土过程、不同的土地利用方式、矿山修复过程以及不同水域中的微生物群落结构及功能等方面的研究状况进行系统梳理,结合实例综合论述喀斯特地区生态修复过程中微生物作用的研究进展,以期为喀斯特地区生态修复提供参考。     

渗透胁迫对高粱根K~＋吸收的影响

以ＣａＳＯ４０．５ｍｍｏｌＬ－１溶液培养高粱得到低钾植株,在渗透胁迫下当ＰＥＧ－１０００使外界渗透势下降时,刺激了高粱根高Ｋ＋亲和系统的净Ｋ＋积累,其表观Ｋｍ值和Ｔｍａｘ值分别为１８μｍｏｌＬ－１和４９．６μｍｏｌｇ－１ＤＷｈ－１。此高亲和系统不受可渗物质乙二醇和外界ｐＨ变化的影响,为蛋白质合成抑制剂环己酰亚胺抑制。