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1.
MORPHOLOGY OF ISOLATED RABBIT HEART MUSCLE MITOCHONDRIA AND THE OXIDATION OF EXTRAMITOCHONDRIAL REDUCED DIPHOSPHOPYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
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The morphology of rabbit heart muscle mitochondria isolated in several media has been compared by electron microscopy. The internal structure of isolated mitochondria differs from that of in situ mitochondria, with the type and degree of alteration depending on the isolation medium. Examination of the isolated mitochondria after incubation revealed that additional morphological changes occurred during incubation, but these changes were less pronounced when the incubation was conducted in a complete medium containing substrate. The isolated mitochondria have been shown to be capable of catalyzing a slow aerobic oxidation of extramitochondrial reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide. The rate of DPNH oxidation observed is sufficient to account for the ability of the mitochondria to oxidize lactate in the presence of catalytic amounts of DPNH. The suspensions used were essentially free of mitochondrial fragments, which are known to oxidize DPNH. Possible relationships of these findings to metabolism in situ are discussed. The results indicate the desirability of correlating biochemical activities with the morphology of isolated mitochondria. 相似文献
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Jarod A. Rollins B. Drosse M. A. Mulki S. Grando M. Baum M. Singh S. Ceccarelli M. von Korff 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2013,126(11):2803-2824
Key message
Spring growth in barley controlled by natural variation at Vrn-H1 and Vrn-H2 improved yield stability in marginal Syrian environments.Abstract
The objective of the present study was to identify QTL influencing agronomic performance in rain-fed Mediterranean environments in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, ARKE derived from the Syrian barley landrace, Arta and the Australian feed cultivar, Keel. The population was field tested for agronomic performance at two locations in Syria for 4 years with two sowing dates, in autumn and winter. Genotypic variability in yield of the RIL population was mainly affected by year-to-year variation presumably caused by inter-annual differences in rainfall distribution. The spring growth habit and early flowering inherited from the Australian cultivar Keel increased plant height and biomass and improved yield stability in Syrian environments. QTL for yield and biomass coincided with the map location of flowering time genes, in particular the vernalisation genes Vrn-H1 and Vrn-H2. In marginal environments with terminal drought, the Vrn-H1 allele inherited from Keel improved final biomass and yield. Under changing climate conditions, such as shorter winters, reduced rainfall, and early summer drought, spring barley might thus outperform the traditional vernalisation-sensitive Syrian landraces. We present the ARKE population as a valuable genetic resource to further elucidate the genetics of drought adaptation of barley in the field. 相似文献4.
Artem Pankin Chiara Campoli Xue Dong Benjamin Kilian Rajiv Sharma Axel Himmelbach Reena Saini Seth J Davis Nils Stein Korbinian Schneeberger Maria von Korff 《Genetics》2014,198(1):383-396
Phytochromes play an important role in light signaling and photoperiodic control of flowering time in plants. Here we propose that the red/far-red light photoreceptor HvPHYTOCHROME C (HvPHYC), carrying a mutation in a conserved region of the GAF domain, is a candidate underlying the early maturity 5 locus in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). We fine mapped the gene using a mapping-by-sequencing approach applied on the whole-exome capture data from bulked early flowering segregants derived from a backcross of the Bowman(eam5) introgression line. We demonstrate that eam5 disrupts circadian expression of clock genes. Moreover, it interacts with the major photoperiod response gene Ppd-H1 to accelerate flowering under noninductive short days. Our results suggest that HvPHYC participates in transmission of light signals to the circadian clock and thus modulates light-dependent processes such as photoperiodic regulation of flowering. 相似文献
5.
Nicola Theis Amir A. Mohagheghi Thomas Korff 《Journal of electromyography and kinesiology》2012,22(6):947-953
Tendon stiffness is calculated by dividing changes in tendon force by tendon elongation. For this purpose, participants are commonly asked to perform a maximal muscle contraction (“active” method). Alternatively tendon elongation can be achieved by means of a passive joint rotation (“passive” method). The purpose of this study was to compare Achilles tendon stiffness obtained from both methods across different tendon strain rates. Twenty adults performed a series of ramped maximum isometric plantarflexions of different durations. Passive ankle rotations of different angular velocities were also performed. Achilles tendon stiffness was obtained from a combination of motion analysis, isokinetic dynamometry and ultrasonography and compared across methods at three strain rates. At all strain rates, tendon stiffness obtained from the active method was 6% greater compared to the passive method. In spite of this systematic bias, there was good agreement between the methods. Intraclass correlation coefficients were greater than 0.98, and more than 95% of data points fell into the 95% confidence intervals. This agreement will be acceptable in many research contexts. We also found a linear increase in tendon stiffness with increasing strain rate, which must be taken into consideration when interpreting or reporting tendon stiffness. 相似文献
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Flow-dependent regulation of angiopoietin-2 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Maria von Korff Huajun Wang Jens Léon Klaus Pillen 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2008,21(1):81-93
Malting quality is genetically determined by the complex interaction of numerous traits which are expressed prior to and,
in particular, during the malting process. Here, we applied the advanced backcross quantitative trait locus (AB-QTL) strategy
(Tanksley and Nelson, Theor Appl Genet 92:191–203, 1996), to detect QTLs for malting quality traits and, in addition, to identify favourable exotic alleles for the improvement of
malting quality. For this, the BC2DH population S42 was generated from a cross between the spring barley cultivar Scarlett and the wild barley accession ISR42-8
(Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum). A QTL analysis in S42 for seven malting parameters measured in two different environments yielded 48 QTLs. The exotic genotype
improved the trait performance at 18 (37.5%) of 48 QTLs. These favourable exotic alleles were detected, in particular, on
the chromosome arms 3HL, 4HS, 4HL and 6HL. The exotic allele on 4HL, for example, improved α-amylase activity by 16.3%, fermentability
by 0.8% and reduced raw protein by 2.4%. On chromosome 6HL, the exotic allele increased α-amylase by 16.0%, fermentability
by 1.3%, friability by 7.3% and reduced viscosity by 2.9%. Favourable transgressive segregation, i.e. S42 lines exhibiting
significantly better performance than the recurrent parent Scarlett, was recorded for four traits. For α-amylase, fermentability,
fine-grind extract and VZ45 20, 16, 2 and 26 S42 lines, respectively, surpassed the recurrent parent Scarlett. The present
study hence demonstrates that wild barley does harbour valuable alleles, which can enrich the genetic basis of cultivated
barley and improve malting quality traits. 相似文献
10.
—Data comparing tricarboxylic acid cycle dynamics in mitochondria from rabbit brain using [2- or 3-14C]pyruvate with and without cosubstrates (malate, α-ketoglutarate, glutamate) are reported. With a physiological concentration of an unlabelled cosubstrate, from 90-99% of the isotope remained in cycle intermediates. However, the liberation of 14CO2 and the presence of 14C in the C-1 position of α-ketoglutarate indicated that multiple turns of the cycle occurred. Entry of pyruvate into the cycle was greater with malate than with either α-ketoglutarate or glutamate as cosubstrate. With malate as cosubstrate for [14C]pyruvate the amount of [14C]citrate which accumulated averaged 30nmol/ml or 23% of the pyruvate utilized while α-ketoglutarate averaged 45 nmol/ml or 35% of the pyruvate utilized. With α-ketoglutarate as cosubstrate for [14C]pyruvate, the average amount of [14C]citrate which accumulated decreased to 8 nmol/ml or 10% of the pyruvate utilized while [14C]α-ketoglutarate increased slightly to 52 nmol/ml or an increase to 62%, largely due to a decrease in pyruvate utilization. The percentage of 14C found in α-ketoglutarate was always greater than that found in malate, irrespective of whether α-ketoglutarate or malate was the cosubstrate for either [2- or 3-14C]pyruvate. The fraction of 14CO2 produced was slightly greater with α-ketoglutarate as cosubstrate than with malate. This observation and the fact that malate had a higher specific activity than did α-ketoglutarate when α-ketoglutarate was the cosubstrate, indicated a preferential utilization of α-ketoglutarate formed within the mitochondria. When l -glutamate was a cosubstrate for [14C]pyruvate the principal radioactive product was glutamate, formed by isotopic exchange of glutamate with [14C] α-ketoglutarate. If malate was also added, [14C]citrate accumulated although pyruvate entry did not increase. Due to retention of isotope in glutamate, little [14C]succinate, malate or aspartate accumulated. When [U-14C]l -glutamate was used in conjunction with unlabelled pyruvate more 14C entered the cycle than when unlabelled glutamate was used with [14C]pyruvate and led to α-ketoglutarate, succinate and aspartate as the major isotopic products. When in addition, unlabelled malate was added, total and isotopic α-ketoglutarate increased while [14C]aspartate decreased. The increase in [14C]succinate when [14C] glutamate was used indicated an increase in the flux through α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and was accompanied by a decrease of pyruvate utilization as compared to experiments when either α-ketoglutarate or glutamate were present at low concentration. It is concluded that the tricarboxylic acid cycle in brain mitochondria operates in at least three open segments, (1) pyruvate plus malate (oxaloacetate) to citrate; (2) citrate to α-ketoglutarate and; (3) α-ketoglutarate to malate, and that at any given time, the relative rates of these segments depend upon the substrate composition of the environment of the mitochondria. These data suggest an approach to a steady state consistent with the kinetic properties of the tricarboxylic acid cycle within the mitochondria. 相似文献