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1.
The quantitative content of three transport systems for aromatic amino acids in cells of Halobacterium salinarium was measured: the common system (K
m is about 10-6
M) and two tyrosine-specific systems with high and low affinity (K
m is about 10-8 and 10-5
M, respectively). To determine the activity of each of three systems separately, a method was developed based on the selective phenylalanine effect on these activities. When phenylalanine exeeds [14C]tyrosine by four to sixforld, it inhibits competitively the activity of the common system, and its 50- to 100-fold molar excess is inhibitory in a non-competitive way for the specific high affinity system (HAT system). The specific low affinity system (LAT system) is practically insensitive to phenylalanine. The activities of tyrosine-specific transport systems are slightly dependent on the culture age, and the observed decrease in transport activity during growth is due mainly to the decreased content of the common system. The HAT system formation is regulated by the repression type, and the effectors are aromatic amino acids especially tyrosine itself. The physiological sense of the tyrosine transport system's multiplicity in H. salinarium is discussed. 相似文献
2.
mtDNA diversity in rhesus monkeys reveals overestimates of divergence time and paraphyly with neighboring species 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Reconstructions of the human-African great ape phylogeny by using
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been subject to considerable debate. One
confounding factor may be the lack of data on intraspecific variation. To
test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of intraspecific mtDNA
diversity on the phylogenetic reconstruction of another Plio- Pleistocene
radiation of higher primates, the fascicularis group of macaque (Macaca)
monkey species. Fifteen endonucleases were used to identify 10 haplotypes
of 40-47 restriction sites in M. mulatta, which were compared with similar
data for the other members of this species group. Interpopulational,
intraspecific mtDNA diversity was large (0.5%- 4.5%), and estimates of
divergence time and branching order incorporating this variation were
substantially different from those based on single representatives of each
species. We conclude that intraspecific mtDNA diversity is substantial in
at least some primate species. Consequently, without prior information on
the extent of genetic diversity within a particular species, intraspecific
variation must be assessed and accounted for when reconstructing primate
phylogenies. Further, we question the reliability of hominoid mtDNA
phylogenies, based as they are on one or a few representatives of each
species, in an already depauperate superfamily of primates.
相似文献
3.
E A Moskvitina L S Podosinnikova E M Kvasov R A Brudny? E V Monakhova A A Levkovich V D Serdiukova L P Kokoeva L V Nevenchannaia M D Kapustina 《Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii, i immunobiologii》1990,(8):62-66
The analysis of the data on the isolation of V. cholerae from different ecological systems indicates that V. eltor do not constantly inhibit the rivers and sea at the territory under control. Hemolytically active V. cholerae without the vct gene, found to be faintly virulent and avirulent when studied on suckling rabbits used as a model and when evaluated by the complex method, show no tendency towards epidemic spread in the presence of conditions for the realization of the transmission of vibrios by the water route. 相似文献
4.
5.
Jane L Wagstaff Jonathan N Pruneda Stefan MV Freund David Komander 《The EMBO journal》2017,36(24):3555-3572
The Ser/Thr protein kinase PINK1 phosphorylates the well‐folded, globular protein ubiquitin (Ub) at a relatively protected site, Ser65. We previously showed that Ser65 phosphorylation results in a conformational change in which Ub adopts a dynamic equilibrium between the known, common Ub conformation and a distinct, second conformation wherein the last β‐strand is retracted to extend the Ser65 loop and shorten the C‐terminal tail. We show using chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) nuclear magnetic resonance experiments that a similar, C‐terminally retracted (Ub‐CR) conformation also exists at low population in wild‐type Ub. Point mutations in the moving β5 and neighbouring β‐strands shift the Ub/Ub‐CR equilibrium. This enabled functional studies of the two states, and we show that while the Ub‐CR conformation is defective for conjugation, it demonstrates improved binding to PINK1 through its extended Ser65 loop, and is a superior PINK1 substrate. Together our data suggest that PINK1 utilises a lowly populated yet more suitable Ub‐CR conformation of Ub for efficient phosphorylation. Our findings could be relevant for many kinases that phosphorylate residues in folded protein domains. 相似文献
6.
Background
The Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) Project has been investigating the implementation of evidence-based mental health practices (Assertive Community Treatment, Family Psychoeducation, Integrated Dual Diagnosis Treatment, Illness Management and Recovery, and Supported Employment) in state public mental health systems in the United States since 2001. To date, Project findings have yielded valuable insights into implementation strategy characteristics and effectiveness. This paper reports results of an effort to identify and classify state-level implementation activities and strategies employed across the eight states participating in the Project.Methods
Content analysis and Greenhalgh et al's (2004) definition of innovation were used to identify and classify state-level activities employed during three phases of EBP implementation: Pre-Implementation, Initial Implementation and Sustainability Planning. Activities were coded from site visit reports created from documents and notes from key informant interviews conducted during two periods, Fall 2002 – Spring 2003, and Spring 2004. Frequency counts and rank-order analyses were used to examine patterns of implementation activities and strategies employed across the three phases of implementation.Results
One hundred and six discreet implementation activities and strategies were identified as innovative and were classified into five categories: 1) state infrastructure building and commitment, 2) stakeholder relationship building and communications, 3) financing, 4) continuous quality management, and 5) service delivery practices and training. Implementation activities from different categories were employed at different phases of implementation.Conclusion
Insights into effective strategies for implementing EBPs in mental health and other health sectors require qualitative and quantitative research that seeks to: a) empirically test the effects of tools and methods used to implement EBPs, and b) establish a stronger evidence-base from which to plan, implement and sustain such efforts. This paper offers a classification scheme and list of innovative implementation activities and strategies. The classification scheme offers potential value for future studies that seek to assess the effects of various implementation processes, and helps establish widely accepted standards and criteria that can be used to assess the value of innovative activities and strategies. 相似文献7.
Sarah C. Robins Eric Trudel Olivia Rotondi Xiaohong Liu Tina Djogo Darya Kryzskaya Charles W. Bourque Maia V. Kokoeva 《PloS one》2013,8(10)
Accumulating evidence suggests that the adult murine hypothalamus, a control site of several fundamental homeostatic processes, has neurogenic capacity. Correspondingly, the adult hypothalamus exhibits considerable cell proliferation that is ongoing even in the absence of external stimuli, and some of the newborn cells have been shown to mature into cells that express neuronal fate markers. However, the identity and characteristics of proliferating cells within the hypothalamic parenchyma have yet to be thoroughly investigated. Here we show that a subset of NG2-glia distributed throughout the mediobasal hypothalamus are proliferative and express the stem cell marker Sox2. We tracked the constitutive differentiation of hypothalamic NG2-glia by employing genetic fate mapping based on inducible Cre recombinase expression under the control of the NG2 promoter, demonstrating that adult hypothalamic NG2-glia give rise to substantial numbers of APC+ oligodendrocytes and a smaller population of HuC/D+ or NeuN+ neurons. Labelling with the cell proliferation marker BrdU confirmed that some NG2-derived neurons have proliferated shortly before differentiation. Furthermore, patch-clamp electrophysiology revealed that some NG2-derived cells display an immature neuronal phenotype and appear to receive synaptic input indicative of their electrical integration in local hypothalamic circuits. Together, our studies show that hypothalamic NG2-glia are able to take on neuronal fates and mature into functional neurons, indicating that NG2-glia contribute to the neurogenic capacity of the adult hypothalamus. 相似文献
8.
Tal Burt Savita Dhillon Pooja Sharma Danish Khan Deepa MV Sazid Alam Sarika Jain Bhavana Alapati Sanjay Mittal Padam Singh 《PloS one》2013,8(7)
Background
A public that is an informed partner in clinical research is important for ethical, methodological, and operational reasons. There are indications that the public is unaware or misinformed, and not sufficiently engaged in clinical research but studies on the topic are lacking. PARTAKE – Public Awareness of Research for Therapeutic Advancements through Knowledge and Empowerment is a program aimed at increasing public awareness and partnership in clinical research. The PARTAKE Survey is a component of the program.Objective
To study public knowledge and perceptions of clinical research.Methods
A 40-item questionnaire combining multiple-choice and open-ended questions was administered to 175 English- or Hindi-speaking individuals in 8 public locations representing various socioeconomic strata in New Delhi, India.Results
Interviewees were 18–84 old (mean: 39.6, SD±16.6), 23.6% female, 68.6% employed, 7.3% illiterate, 26.3% had heard of research, 2.9% had participated and 58.9% expressed willingness to participate in clinical research. The following perceptions were reported (% true/% false/% not aware): ‘research benefits society’ (94.1%/3.5%/2.3%), ‘the government protects against unethical clinical research’ (56.7%/26.3%/16.9%), ‘research hospitals provide better care’ (67.2%/8.7%/23.9%), ‘confidentiality is adequately protected’ (54.1%/12.3%/33.5%), ‘participation in research is voluntary’ (85.3%/5.8%/8.7%); ‘participants treated like ‘guinea pigs’’ (20.7%/53.2%/26.0%), and ‘compensation for participation is adequate’ (24.7%/12.9%/62.3%).Conclusions
Results suggest the Indian public is aware of some key features of clinical research (e.g., purpose, value, voluntary nature of participation), and supports clinical research in general but is unaware of other key features (e.g., compensation, confidentiality, protection of human participants) and exhibits some distrust in the conduct and reporting of clinical trials. Larger, cross-cultural surveys are required to inform educational programs addressing these issues. 相似文献9.
L Alonso EC Souza MV Oliveira LFE do Nascimento PMS Dantas 《Biology of sport / Institute of Sport》2014,31(4):267-270
The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic and environmental contribution to variation in aerobic power in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins. The sample consisted of 20 MZ individuals (12 females and 8 males) and 16 DZ individuals (12 females and 4 males), aged from 8 to 26 years, residents in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. The twins were assessed by a multistage fitness test. The rate of heritability found for aerobic power was 77%. Based on the results, the estimated heritability was largely responsible for the differences in aerobic power. This implies that such measures are under strong genetic influence. 相似文献
10.
Domenico Sambataro Gianluca Sambataro Eleonora Zaccara Wanda Maglione Riccardo Polosa Antonella MV Afeltra Claudio Vitali Nicoletta Del Papa 《Arthritis research & therapy》2014,16(5)