Analysis of DNA polymorphism in a relict Uralian species, yellow foxglove (Digitalis grandiflora Mill.), using RAPD and ISSR markers

Genetic polymorphism of the Uralian relict plant species, yellow foxglove Digitalis grandiflora Mill. (family Scrophulariaceae), was examined using RAPD and ISSR techniques. A total of 149 RAPD and 74 ISSR markers were tested. The indices characterizing polymorphism and genetic diversity were calculated. The data obtained pointed to a high level of genetic variation of D. grandiflora (P95 = 65%). The cenopopulation examined was weakly differentiated with most of genetic diversity accounted by within-population differentiation.     

Analysis of DNA polymorphism in a relict Uralian species,large-flowered foxglove (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Digitalis grandiflora</Emphasis> Mill.), using RAPD and ISSR markers

Genetic polymorphism of the Uralian relict plant species, large-flowered foxglove Digitalis grandiflora Mill. (family Scrophulariaceae), was examined using RAPD and ISSR techniques. A total of 149 RAPD and 74ISSR markers were tested. The indices characterizing polymorphism and genetic diversity were calculated. The data obtained pointed to a high level of genetic variation of D. grandiflora (P ₉₅ = 65%). The cenopopulation examined was weakly differentiated with most of genetic diversity accounted by within-population differentiation.     

Studying plant genome variation using molecular markers

The authors' studies on the organization and variation of plant genome with the use of molecular markers are briefly reviewed with special emphasis on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR), sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR), and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers detected with the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These markers have been demonstrated to be promising for identifying cultivars and determining the purity of genetic strains of pea. Genetic relationships between strains, cultivars, and mutants of pea have been studied. The role of molecular markers in molecular genetic mapping and localizing the genes of commercially important characters of pea has been shown. The possibility of the use of molecular markers for studying somaclonal variation and detecting mutagenic factors in plants during long-term spaceflights is considered. The prospects of using DNA markers for understanding the organization and variability of higher plant genomes are discussed.     

Studying plant genome variation using molecular markers

The authors studies on the organization and variation of plant genome with the use of molecular markers are briefly reviewed with special emphasis on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR), sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR), and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers detected with the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These markers have been demonstrated to be promising for identifying cultivars and determining the purity of genetic strains of pea. Genetic relationships between strains, cultivars, and mutants of pea have been studied. The role of molecular markers in molecular genetic mapping and localizing the genes of commercially important characters of pea has been shown. The possibility of the use of molecular markers for studying somaclonal variation and detecting mutagenic factors in plants during long-term spaceflights is considered. The prospects of using DNA markers for understanding the organization and variability of higher plant genomes are discussed.__________Translated from Genetika, Vol. 41, No. 4, 2005, pp. 480–492.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Gostimsky, Kokaeva, Konovalov.     

Identification and mapping of polymorphic RAPD markers of pea (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pisum sativum</Emphasis> L.) genome

Various pea cultivars, lines, and mutants were studied by the RAPD method. Polymorphic fragments characteristic of certain pea genotypes and which can be used for identifying genotypes were detected. Inheritance of some polymorphic RAPD fragments was studied. Mendelian inheritance of these fragments was shown. By analyzing the data obtained in studies of RAPD polymorphism, genetic distances between different pea cultivars, lines, and mutants were calculated and a genealogic dendogram showing a varying extent of differences between RAPD patterns was constructed. Ten new RAPD markers linked to various pea genes were detected. Genetic distances between RAPD markers and genes to which they are linked were calculated, and the respective disposition of RAPD markers on chromosomes was established.Translated from Genetika, Vol. 41, No. 3, 2005, pp. 341–348.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Koveza, Kokaeva, Konovalov, Gostimsky.     

Identification and mapping of polymorphic RAPD markers of pea (Pisum sativum L.) genome

Various pea cultivars, lines, and mutants were studied by the RAPD method. Polymorphic fragments characteristic of certain pea genotypes and which can be used for identifying genotypes were detected. Inheritance of some polymorphic RAPD fragments was studied. Mendelian inheritance of these fragments was shown. By analyzing the data obtained in studies of RAPD polymorphism, genetic distances between different pea cultivars, lines, and mutants were calculated and a genealogic dendogram showing a varying extent of differences between RAPD patterns was constructed. Ten new RAPD markers linked to various pea genes were detected. Genetic distances between RAPD markers and genes to which they are linked were calculated, and the respective disposition of RAPD markers on chromosomes was established.     

Production of a SCAR marker in pea Pisum sativum L. using RAPD analysis]

A polymorphic 750-bp fragment, RAPD marker, specific to particular pea genotypes (line L-111 and the Nord cultivar) was identified. Using this RAPD marker, SCAR was obtained. SCAR inheritance in the first and second generations was studied and its dominant character was shown.     

RAPD-analysis of corn somaclones

The genetic difference between maize line A188 and A188-derived somaclones was assessed via analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). In total, 15 out of 17 decanucleotide primers used each allowed amplification of 2-17 fragments ranging 200-2000 bp. The RAPD patterns did not differ between individual plants of line A188, which demonstrated again its high genetic homogeneity. The difference between the initial line and the somaclones was high, ranging 64-74%. On evidence of the genetic divergence, the somaclones formed two clusters. The distribution of somaclones between these clusters was consistent with their origin.     

The study of the genetic effects in generation of pea plants cultivated during the whole cycle of ontogenesis on the board of RS ISS

Results of studies on growth and development of offspring of two genetically marked dwarf pea lines planted during the whole ontogenesis cycle in the Lada space greenhouse on board of Russian Segment of International Space Station (RS ISS) are presented. The offspring of M1 and M2 plants grown from seeds formed during space flight was examined under conditions of Earth-based cultivation. It had been shown that growth and developmental characteristics, frequency of chromosome aberrations in primary root meristem and level of molecular polymorphism revealed in individual plants via RAPD method show no significant differences between offspring of “space-grown” and control seeds.     

Analysis of PDR1 retrotransposon insertions in the pea (Pisum Sativum L.)

We research polymorphism of PDR1 insertion grades, lines, and mutants of peas by means of seven pairs of specific RBIP-primers. Seven PDR1 insertions loci are identified in the studied forms of peas. We establish the high level of polymorphism of PDR1 retrotransposon inserts with primers RBIP2, RBIP1794, and RBIP64, that has made 92, 82.98 and 78%, respectively. The genetic analysis in a population of F2 hybrids (Chil 15 × WL1238) is conducted. RBIP700 polymorphic fragment is localized on a genetic map of peas in the third group of coupling.