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1.
Ad Corten 《Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries》2001,11(4):339-361
Herring (Clupea harengus) migrationstend to remain constant over periods of severalyears or even decades, despite environmentalvariation. When a migration pattern is changed,apparently in response to an environmentalstimulus, the change in migratory behaviorsometimes lasts longer than the environmentalstimulus itself. This paper reviews evidencethat the response of herring to environmentalchange is restrained by conservatism. Herringapparently develop certain migratory habitsduring the early stage of adult life and tendto adhere to these habits for life, even whenthe environment changes. Two elements ofconservatism are distinguished: the formationof habits within one generation, and thetransfer of habits between generations. Anumber of case studies on North Sea herring andNorwegian spring spawning herring are reviewedin order to find evidence for habit formationand tradition in the migrations of thesepopulations. By eliminating the possibilitythat homing to spawning, wintering and feedinggrounds is due to innate behavior orenvironmental constraints, it is shown that thereturn of these fish to the same areas eachyear is most likely a form of learned behavior.In many cases, new year-classes adopt the samemigration pattern as their predecessors, whichis explained by the social transfer of habitsfrom old herring to young ones. A change ofmigration pattern is usually initiated by arecruiting year-class that lacks the ``guidance'of older herring at the time it has to startits first migration. This may be the effect ofa special environmental condition that affectsthe distribution of the recruiting age groupmore than that of the adult stock component, andthereby results in a separation of the twostock components. After the recruitingyear-class has adopted the new migration route,it tends to repeat it in subsequent years. Thenew migration thus becomes habitual. Subsequentgenerations may copy the migration and continuethis behavior even after the originalenvironmental cause has disappeared. 相似文献
2.
Preferential expression of cellular retinoic acid binding protein in a subpopulation of neural cells in the developing mouse embryo 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Marie-Josée Vaessen Erika Kootwijk Dirk Bootsma Ad Geurts van Kessel Christine Mummery John Hilkens 《Differentiation; research in biological diversity》1989,40(2):99-105
The cellular retinoic acid binding protein is thought to be involved in the retinoic-acid-mediated signal transduction pathway. We have isolated the mouse cellular retinoic acid binding protein cDNA from an embryonal-carcinoma-derived cell line by using differential cDNA cloning strategies. In situ hybridization on sections of mouse embryos of various developmental stages indicated that the cellular retinoic acid binding protein gene, which we localized on mouse chromosome 9, is preferentially expressed in a subpopulation of neurectodermal cells. This restricted expression pattern suggests an important role for cellular retinoic acid binding protein in murine neurogenesis. 相似文献
3.
As spontaneous abortion is a frequent finding in females with Factor XIII (FXIII) deficiency it has been presumed that this clotting factor is essential to normal pregnancy. FXIII subunit a (FXIII A) has been demonstrated in the homogenate of human uterus, but no information on its cellular distribution has been published, so far. In the present study first FXIII A was detected in paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of human uterus by immunoperoxidase technique. Cells containing FXIII A were localized between collagen fibrils stained by Picrosirius Red F3B in the connective tissue. To characterize them the immunofluorescent detection of FXIII A was combined by the visualization of different marker antigens of monocytes and macrophages recognized by Leu-M3, RFD7, anti-HLA-DR and DAKO-anti-macrophage monoclonal antibodies on frozen sections. The coexpression of FXIII A with monocyte and macrophage differentiation marker antigens clearly proves that cells containing FXIII A in the uterus are monocyte-derived tissue macrophages. The results well agree with our previous findings demonstrating FXIII A in human monocytes and different types of macrophages. On the basis of these results, the presence of FXIII A does not seem to be a specificity of the uterus but a characteristic of monocyte/macrophage cell line including tissue macrophages, in general. 相似文献
4.
Mei-Lie M. C. Tan Ellen M. Rietveld Gijsbert A. M. van Marrewijk Ad J. Kool 《Plant cell reports》1987,6(3):172-175
Conditions were established for efficient plant regeneration from four freshmarket cultivars of Lycopersicon esculentum. In order to increase the yield of viable protoplasts which are able to sustain cell divisions, the donor plants are preconditioned by incubation at 25°C in the dark for 18 hours, followed by a cold treatment at 4°C in the dark for the last 6 hours, prior to protoplast isolation. Browning of the dividing cell colonies can be prevented by culturing protoplasts in 100 l droplets of low-melting agarose, surrounded by liquid medium. Alternatively, protoplasts can be cultured in liquid medium. In both procedures the plating efficiencies and percentage of shoot regeneration are increased, only when dilutions were performed with auxin-free culture medium. Shoot regeneration is obtained by using a two step procedure: initiation of greening of microcalli on a medium containing 0.2 M mannitol and 7.3 mM sucrose, which is followed by shoot development on a mannitol-free medium containing 0.5 M sucrose. In this way, plants can be regenerated within 3 months from the hybrid cultivars Bellina, Abunda, Sonatine and also from the true seedline Moneymaker. The latter one showed the highest regeneration frequency (30%).Abbreviations BAP
6-Benzylamino purine
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid
- IAA
indole acetic acid
- MES
2-(N-morpholino)- ethane sulfonic acid
- NAA
naphthalene acetic acid
- PE
plating efficiency 相似文献
5.
Kees Nieuwenhuijsen Ad J. J. C. Lammers Karel J. de Neef A. Koos Slob 《International journal of primatology》1985,6(1):77-99
Reproductive physiology was studied in female stumptail macaques. Initially the monkeys were housed indoors (individually
and in small groups) and later as one large (92 individuals) social group in an outdoor cage. Most data were collected during
the 4-year outdoor period. Plasma progesterone determination in blood samples taken at weekly intervals allowed estimation
of ovulation and conception dates. The age at first ovulation (X =3.73 years) was positively correlated with body weight at 3 years of age. The average age at first birth was 4.90 years. Gestation
lengths averaged 176.6 days. Following a live birth ovulations returned after a mean interval of 11 months but following an
abortion or still birth this interval was 1 month. Usually a number of ovulatory cycles (X =2.37) preceded a conception. Interbirth intervals (IBIs) in the outdoor cage (X =619.4 days) were significantly longer than IBIs during the indoor period (X =523.1), because indoors the infants were weaned at the age of 7 months, while outdoors weaning occurred more naturally. IBIs
following abortions or still births (X =291.9 days) were significantly shorter than IBIs following live births. Age at first ovulation, age at first birth, IBIs,
and infant production rates were not correlated with dominance rank. Ovarian cycle lengths (X =30.2 days, mode = 28 days) were comparable to previously reported data from laboratory-housed stumptails. No systematic seasonal
fluctuations were found in the onset of sexual maturity, in ovarian cycle lengths, in copulation frequencies, and in distribution
of births. 相似文献
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10.
Overbeeke Nico Haring Michel A. John H. Nijkamp J. Kool Ad. J. 《Plant molecular biology》1984,3(4):235-241
Summary Sequences from Petunia hybrida chloroplast DNA which have the property to promote autonomous replication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were cloned in vector YIp5. Seven cloned chloroplast DNA fragments are localized at one of two different sites on the chloroplast genome. One site, arsA was mapped on a 1.8 Kb fragment at position 27.0–28.8 Kb on the P. hybrida chloroplast genome. The plasmids containing this arsA are stable both in yeast and E. coli. The other site, arsB, was shown to be very unstable and is located either in the small single copy region close to the inverted repeat or just in the inverted repeat. The functioning of these sequences as a possible origin of replication in vivo is discussed. 相似文献