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1.
Igor Loncaric Gabrielle L. Stalder Kemal Mehinagic Renate Rosengarten Franz Hoelzl Felix Knauer Chris Walzer 《PloS one》2013,8(12)
In order to test whether rooks (Corvus frugilegus) represent good indicators for the potential circulation of antibiotics in their native habitat, two populations with different migratory behavior were tested for the presence of beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In all, 54 and 102 samples of fresh feces of a migratory and a resident population were investigated. A total of 24 and 3 cefotaxime-resistant enterobacterial isolates were obtained from the migratory and resident population, respectively. In these isolates CTX-M-1 (n = 15), CTX-M-3 (n = 3), and CTX-M-15 (n = 3) genes were detected. TEM-1 and OXA-1 were associated with CTX-M in 3 and 2 isolates, respectively. In two E. coli isolates CMY-2 could be detected, where from one isolate displayed an overexpression of chromosomal AmpC as well. Among E. coli isolates the most common phylogenetic group was A (n = 11) and ST1683 (n = 5). In one E. coli of B2-ST131 the rfbO25b locus was detected. Three Enterobacter isolates were stably derepressed AmpC-producers. In five samples of the migratory population, PVL positive MRSA could be isolated. Two isolates were typed SCCmec IVa, spa type t127, and ST1. Three isolates carried a SCCmec type IVc, with spa type t852 and ST22. The highly significant difference of the occurrence of antibiotic resistance between the migratory population from eastern Europe compared to resident population in our study indicates that rooks may be good indicator species for the evaluation of environmental contamination with antibiotic resistant bacteria, especially due to their ecology, foraging behavior and differing migratory behavior. 相似文献
2.
Protoplasts isolated from beetroot tissue took up glucose preferentially whereas sucrose was transported more slowly. The 14C-label from [14C]glucose and [14C]sucrose taken up by the cells could be detected rapidly in phosphate esters and, after feeding of [14C]glucose was found also in sucrose. The temperature-dependent uptake process (activation energy EA about 50 kJ · mol–1) seems to be carrier mediated as indicated by its substrate saturation and, for glucose, by competition experiments which revealed positions C1, C5 and C6 of the D-glucose molecule as important for effective uptake. The apparent Km(20° C) for glucose (3-O-methylglucose) was about 1 mM whereas for sucrose a significantly lower apparent affinity was determined (Km about 10 mM). When higher concentrations of glucose (5 mM) or sucrose (20 mM) were administered, the uptake process followed first-order kinetics. Carrier-mediated transport was inhibited by N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, Na-orthovanadate, p–chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid, and by uncouplers and ionophores. The uptake system exhibited a distinct pH optimum at pH 5.0. The results indicate that generation of a proton gradient is a prerequisite for sugar uptake across the plasma membrane. Protoplasts from the bundle regions in the hypocotyl take up glucose at higher rates than those derived from bundle-free regions. The results favour the idea that apoplastic transport of assimilates en route of unloading might be restricted to distinct areas within the storage organ (i.e. the bundle region) whereas distribution in the storage parenchyma is symplastic.Abbreviations CCCP
Carbonylcyanide m–chlorophenylhydrazone
- DCCD
N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- DOG
deoxyglucose
- Mes
2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid
- 3-OMG
3-O-methylglucose
- PCMBS
p–chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid
- SDS
Sodium dodecyl sulfate
- Tris
2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol 相似文献
3.
N. Knauer 《Plant Ecology》1972,24(4-6):289-309
Zusammenfassung Die Standortcharakteristik verschiedener Grünlandpflanzengesellschaften hat nicht nur für die Grünlandbewirtschaftung groβe
Bedeutung, sondern auch für die Kennzeichnung einzelner Pflanzengesellschaften und für die Ermittlung qualitativer oder auch
quantitativer Zeigereigenschaften. Am Untersuchungsmaterial von mehr als 400 untersuchten Grünlandpflanzenbest?nden wird gezeigt,
daβ einzelne Analysenwerte, also “Momentaufnahmen” ebenso wie die aus einer gr?βeren Zahl von Einzelwerten gebildeten Mittelwerte
nur groben Orientierungscharakter besitzen. Daran ?ndert sich auch durch die Prüfung eines umfangreicheren Analysenmaterials
mittels Regressionsanalyse nicht viel. Zeitreihenanalysen, wie sie auf 5 Standorten in zwei Vegetations-perioden durchgeführt
wurden, geben einen Einblick in die Dynamik der Meβgr?βen. Durch die Anwendung moderner Rechenverfahren konnten sowohl einfache,
wie multiple Zusammenh?nge verschiedener Standortsfaktoren geprüft werden. Dabei ist zu erkennen, daβ die Unterschiede zwischen
verschiedenen Pflanzengesellschaften durchweg kleiner sind als die Unterschiede zwischen verschiedenen Jahren. Trotz der teilweise
nur sehr geringen Bestimmtheitsmaβe erm?glichen die Untersuchungen einen Einblick in das Geschehen am natürlichen Standort
und bilden die Basis für weitergehende experimentelle Untersuchungen. Auf die für die Grünlandwirtschaft bedeutenden Zusammenh?nge
zwischen verschiedenen Standortsfaktoren und der Ertragsbildung der Pflanzenbest?nde wird hingewiesen.
Prof. Dr. N. Knauer - Abt. Grünlandwirtschaft und Futterbau im Institut für Pflanzenbau und Pflanzenzüchtung der Christian-Albrechts-Univer-sit?t
Kiel 23 KIEL, Olshausenstr. 40–60. 相似文献
4.
mtDNA diversity in rhesus monkeys reveals overestimates of divergence time and paraphyly with neighboring species 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Reconstructions of the human-African great ape phylogeny by using
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been subject to considerable debate. One
confounding factor may be the lack of data on intraspecific variation. To
test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of intraspecific mtDNA
diversity on the phylogenetic reconstruction of another Plio- Pleistocene
radiation of higher primates, the fascicularis group of macaque (Macaca)
monkey species. Fifteen endonucleases were used to identify 10 haplotypes
of 40-47 restriction sites in M. mulatta, which were compared with similar
data for the other members of this species group. Interpopulational,
intraspecific mtDNA diversity was large (0.5%- 4.5%), and estimates of
divergence time and branching order incorporating this variation were
substantially different from those based on single representatives of each
species. We conclude that intraspecific mtDNA diversity is substantial in
at least some primate species. Consequently, without prior information on
the extent of genetic diversity within a particular species, intraspecific
variation must be assessed and accounted for when reconstructing primate
phylogenies. Further, we question the reliability of hominoid mtDNA
phylogenies, based as they are on one or a few representatives of each
species, in an already depauperate superfamily of primates.
相似文献
5.
Fitzwater Steve E.; Knauer George A.; Martin John H. 《Journal of plankton research》1983,5(6):935-938
The effects of short-term, acute Cu exposure (6 h) on the adenylateenergy charge (ECA) of open-ocean phytoplankton populations(northeastern equatorial Pacific) were investigated. Energycharge remained at {small tilde}0.77 over the range of Cu additions(0.025 5.µg l1), even though 14C uptakeand total adenylate levels (ATP + ADP + AMP) were reduced byas much as 60%. These findings suggest that ECA alone is nota sensitive indicator of acute sublethal metal effects on phytoplankton.
1This research was supported by the NSF Biological OceanographyProgram grant #OCE 81-17286. 相似文献
6.
Knauer Franziska Stiehl Thomas Marciniak-Czochra Anna 《Journal of mathematical biology》2020,80(3):575-600
Journal of Mathematical Biology - In this work we prove occurrence of a super-critical Hopf bifurcation in a model of white blood cell formation structured by three maturation stages. We provide an... 相似文献
7.
Sushil Kumar Tomar Stefan H. Knauer Monali NandyMazumdar Paul R?sch Irina Artsimovitch 《Nucleic acids research》2013,41(22):10077-10085
Escherichia coli RfaH activates gene expression by tethering the elongating RNA polymerase to the ribosome. This bridging action requires a complete refolding of the RfaH C-terminal domain (CTD) from an α-helical hairpin, which binds to the N-terminal domain (NTD) in the free protein, to a β-barrel, which interacts with the ribosomal protein S10 following RfaH recruitment to its target operons. The CTD forms a β-barrel when expressed alone or proteolytically separated from the NTD, indicating that the α-helical state is trapped by the NTD, perhaps co-translationally. Alternatively, the interdomain contacts may be sufficient to drive the formation of the α-helical form. Here, we use functional and NMR analyses to show that the denatured RfaH refolds into the native state and that RfaH in which the order of the domains is reversed is fully functional in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that all information necessary to determine its fold is encoded within RfaH itself, whereas accessory factors or sequential folding of NTD and CTD during translation are dispensable. These findings suggest that universally conserved RfaH homologs may change folds to accommodate diverse interaction partners and that context-dependent protein refolding may be widespread in nature. 相似文献
8.
It has been argued that spatially explicit population models (SEPMs) cannot provide reliable guidance for conservation biology because of the difficulty of obtaining direct estimates for their demographic and dispersal parameters and because of error propagation. We argue that appropriate model calibration procedures can access additional sources of information, compensating the lack of direct parameter estimates. Our objective is to show how model calibration using population-level data can facilitate the construction of SEPMs that produce reliable predictions for conservation even when direct parameter estimates are inadequate. We constructed a spatially explicit and individual-based population model for the dynamics of brown bears (Ursus arctos) after a reintroduction program in Austria. To calibrate the model we developed a procedure that compared the simulated population dynamics with distinct features of the known population dynamics (=patterns). This procedure detected model parameterizations that did not reproduce the known dynamics. Global sensitivity analysis of the uncalibrated model revealed high uncertainty in most model predictions due to large parameter uncertainties (coefficients of variation CV 0.8). However, the calibrated model yielded predictions with considerably reduced uncertainty (CV 0.2). A pattern or a combination of various patterns that embed information on the entire model dynamics can reduce the uncertainty in model predictions, and the application of different patterns with high information content yields the same model predictions. In contrast, a pattern that does not embed information on the entire population dynamics (e.g., bear observations taken from sub-areas of the study area) does not reduce uncertainty in model predictions. Because population-level data for defining (multiple) patterns are often available, our approach could be applied widely. 相似文献
9.
Decressac S Franco M Bendahhou S Warth R Knauer S Barhanin J Lazdunski M Lesage F 《EMBO reports》2004,5(12):1171-1175
TWIK1 belongs to a family of K(+) channels involved in neuronal excitability and cell volume regulation. Its tissue distribution suggests a role in epithelial potassium transport. Here we show that TWIK1 is expressed in a subapical compartment in renal proximal tubules and in polarized MDCK cells. In nonpolarized cells, this compartment corresponds to pericentriolar recycling endosomes. We identified EFA6, an exchange factor for the small G protein ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6), as a protein binding to TWIK1. EFA6 interacts with TWIK1 only when it is bound to ARF6. Because ARF6 modulates endocytosis at the apical surface of epithelial cells, the ARF6/EFA6/TWIK1 association is probably important for channel internalization and recycling. 相似文献
10.
Schuh K Quaschning T Knauer S Hu K Kocak S Roethlein N Neyses L 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2003,278(42):41246-41252
The mechanisms governing vascular smooth muscle tone are incompletely understood. In particular, the role of the sarcolemmal calcium pump PMCA (plasma membrane calmodulin-dependent calcium ATPase), which extrudes Ca2+ from the cytosol, and its importance compared with the sodium/calcium exchanger remain speculative. To test whether the PMCA is a regulator of vascular tone, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing the human PMCA4b under control of the arterial smooth muscle-specific SM22alpha promoter. This resulted in an elevated systolic blood pressure compared with littermate controls. In PMCA-overexpressing mice, endothelium-dependent relaxation of norepinephrine-preconstricted aortic rings to acetylcholine did not differ from wild type controls (76 +/- 8% versus 79 +/- 8% of maximum relaxation; n = 12, n.s.). De-endothelialized aortas of transgenic mice exhibited stronger maximum contraction to KCl (100 mmol/liter) compared with controls (86 +/- 6% versus 68 +/- 7% of reference KCl contraction at the beginning of the experiment; p <0.05). Preincubation of de-endothelialized vessels with the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor l-NAME (l-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester) (10-5 mol/liter) resulted in a stronger contraction to KCl (p <0.05 versus without l-NAME), thus unmasking vasodilatory effects of inherent NO production. Maximum contraction to KCl after preincubation with l-NAME did not differ between PMCA mice and controls. In analogy to the results in PMCA-overexpressing mice, contractions of de-endothelialized aortas of neuronal NOS-deficient mice to KCl were significantly increased compared with controls (151 +/- 5% versus 131 +/- 6% of reference KCl contraction; p <0.05). In conclusion, our data suggest a model in which the sarcolemmal Ca2+ pump down-regulates activity of the vascular smooth muscle Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent neuronal NOS by a functionally relevant interaction. Therefore, the PMCA represents a novel regulator of vascular tone. 相似文献